PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Shin

Publications and source records attributed to T Shin.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Induced hypotension for surgical repair of congenital dislocation of the hip in children.

The surgical repair of congenital dislocation of the hip was performed under normotensive anaesthesia (23 children) and hypotensive anaesthesia (52 children). Hypotension was induced with infusion of hypotensive agents such as trimetaphan or nitroglycerin during inhalation or neurolept-anaesthesia under careful monitoring of blood pressure, haematocrit and electrocardiogram. Blood replacement was done to keep hematocrit value above 30%. Blood loss was significantly less in hypotensive group (2.53 ml/kg/h) than that in normotensive group (4.53 ml/kg/h). Twenty one percent of patients in hypotensive group required blood transfusion with the rate of 3.3 ml/kg/h compared with 43% of cases in normotensive group with the rate of 4.4 ml/kg/h. Depending upon anaesthesia technique blood loss was greater in neuroleptanaesthesia (5.5 ml/kg/h) than inhalation (2.3 ml/kg/h) or epidural (2.1 ml/kg/h) anaesthesia. Urine output and laboratory data for liver and kidney functions were not different between normotensive and hypotensive group. The dose of hypotensive agents required to produce moderate hypotension for paediatric patients was much higher than that for adult. We consider that moderate hypotension is safe procedure if employed by well experienced anaesthetist with careful monitoring of blood pressure, Hct and ECG. Blood loss and requirement of blood replacement are significantly reduced with this technique.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Localization of laryngeal motoneurons in the medulla oblongata of guinea pigs.

The distribution of motoneurons in the brain stem innervating the laryngeal muscles cricothyroid, posterior cricoarytenoid, and thyroarytenoid-lateral cricoarytenoid in the adult guinea pig was investigated. Horseradish peroxidase was injected into individual muscles or applied to the cut end of the superior laryngeal nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The laryngeal motoneuron pool of guinea pig is divided into two separate areas: the rostral retrofacial nucleus and the caudal nucleus ambiguus. Superior laryngeal and cricothyroid motoneurons were present only in the retrofacial nucleus, while recurrent laryngeal motoneurons were present in both the nucleus ambiguus and the retrofacial nucleus. Posterior cricoarytenoid motoneurons were located in the rostral and ventrolateral part of the recurrent laryngeal motoneuron pool in the nucleus ambiguus. The thyroarytenoid-lateral cricoarytenoid motoneurons partially overlapped the posterior cricoarytenoid pool and extended more dorsomedially and caudally in the nucleus. Our findings on the distribution of perikarya in the laryngeal motoneuron of the guinea pig are essentially the same as those of other mammals.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Glottic closure during swallowing in the recurrent laryngeal nerve-paralyzed cat.

Glottic closing pressure and time were quantitatively analyzed during deglutition and in reflex glottic closure elicited by superior laryngeal nerve stimulation by means of a catheter pressure transducer in the cat. Duration and peak pressure of glottic closure during deglutition were 322.6 +/- 32.2 msec (mean +/- SE) and 57.5 +/- 6.0 mmHg, respectively, whereas peak pressure of the reflex glottic closure was 21.7 +/- 6.1 mmHg in control animals. When the recurrent laryngeal nerve was denervated unilaterally, decrease in peak glottic closing pressure on swallowing was only about 36%, whereas the peak pressure of reflex glottic closure was markedly diminished to 4.5 +/- 4.6%. When bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerves denervated, decrease in peak pressure during deglutition showed no greater significance than it did after unilateral denervation. Inferior constrictors myotomy in addition to bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve denervation reduced peak pressure to nearly zero. These results indicate that on swallowing, the inferior constrictors cooperate with the intrinsic laryngeal adductors, thus playing a very important role in reinforcing glottic closure, a function that is unlikely during reflex glottic closure.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The fine structure of intraepithelial free nerve endings in the canine vocal cord mucosa.

Innervation of the epithelium on the undersurface of the canine vocal cords was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. In the subepithelial lamina propria, nerve bundles containing unmyelinated fibers were observed. The nerve bundles, encircled by basal lamina, were enclosed by a thin connective tissue layer and by flattened fibroblast-like cells. With nerve bundles approaching the epithelium, the axons divided repeatedly and entered the epithelial layer. In the epithelial cells, nerve axons formed knob-like swellings that contained a small number of large granular vesicles and a large number of small agranular vesicles. A sensory function responsive to irritant chemical stimuli and to mechanical stimuli is presumed for these vesicle-containing nerve processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of the cholestatic factor and the prostaglandin E1 derivative on the level of cAMP in isolated hepatocytes of rats].

It has been reported that cAMP in hepatocytes plays an important role in bile discharge. Therefore, in order to examine the action mechanism of the cholestatic factor, we studied the effect of the cholestatic factor and prostaglandin E1 derivative which inhibits the activity of the cholestatic factor on the cAMP level in hepatocytes. As a result, the cAMP level in hepatocytes was decreased by treatment with the cholestatic factor, but was increased by the prostaglandin E1 derivative. Furthermore, the cAMP level which was decreased by the cholestatic factor returned to the original level by treatment with the prostaglandin E1 derivative. Because the increase in the cAMP level in hepatocytes promotes the bile acid independent bile discharge, it is suggested that the cholestatic factor reduces the bile flow by the decrease in the cAMP level in hepatocytes, and that the prostaglandin E1 derivative competes with the action of the cholestatic factor through the increase in the cAMP level in hepatocytes.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1989

T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

T lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells in the peripheral blood of 10 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) were examined by using various kinds of monoclonal antibodies directed to the surface markers of the lymphocytes. We found that the population of Leu 2a+, Leu 15- cytotoxic T cells was decreased in PBC patients compared to normal controls, especially in those with a high serum titer of anti-mitochondria antibodies. However, there was no significant difference in the population of Leu 2a+, Leu 15+ suppressor T cells between PBC patients and normal controls. Although the population of Leu 3a+, Leu 8- helper T cells was not significantly different, the population of Leu 3a+, Leu 8+ suppressor-inducer T cells was remarkably increased in PBC patients compared to normal controls. On the other hand, no such difference was seen for the NK cells. Furthermore, the Leu 3a+/Leu 2a+ ratio was significantly higher in PBC patients especially in those with a high serum anti-mitochondria antibody titer, which was thought to be due to the decreased population of cytotoxic T cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Dose requirement for caudal anesthesia in pediatric patient].

A series of 305 infants and children between 1 day to 14 years of age were operated upon using caudal anesthesia. We used 1% mepivacaine 1.2 ml.kg-1 to obtain a level of anesthesia above T10, 1.0 ml.kg-1 above L1, and 0.8 ml.kg-1 above S. Complete failure occurred in 4.3% of patients. We investigated the blood concentration of mepivacaine in 17 patients, and it ranged from 0.5 microgram.ml-1 to 5.0 micrograms.ml-1. In a two month old infant, weighing 6.7 kg, apnea and bradycardia occurred. This was managed by tracheal intubation and controlled ventilation. But there were no other severe complications. We also investigated the distance between C7 and sacral hiatus (D) in each case. The coefficients of correlation between D and height is 0.97, and high correlation existed also between D and body weight (r = 0.93). This confirms that body weight can be used as a parameter to determine the dose of local anesthetic agent. We conclude that this technique is a safe, reliable and simple way to produce surgical analgesia in infants and children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Retrograde coronary sinus perfusion of cardioplegic solution in Jatene operation in neonates and infants].

The clinical benefits of retrograde coronary sinus perfusion of a cardioplegic solution were investigated in 7 neonates and 23 infants undergoing Jatene operation. After an initial infusion of albumin-containing crystalloid cardioplegic solution via the aortic root, 21 patients received additional solution delivered by retrograde coronary sinus perfusion (retrograde group) and 9 patients received by selective antegrade coronary perfusion (antegrade group) every 20 to 30 minutes. There were no differences in age, weight, and left ventricular preoperative pressure and morphology between the two groups. Aortic cross-clamping time was 130 +/- 18 minutes in retrograde group and 147 +/- 20 minutes in antegrade group. Postoperative assays of CPK-MB, GOT and LDH, and hemodynamic measurements immediately after cessation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were carried out in all patients. Although there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of enzyme indexes, retrograde group showed a greater variation of sigma CPK-MB from patient to patient than antegrade group. However, hemodynamic parameters of CVP, left atrial pressure and rate-pressure product at 20-30 minutes after CPB were similar in the two groups. Six neonates in retrograde group also demonstrated the similar enzyme indexes and hemodynamic state immediately after CPB to other older patients. We concluded, therefore, that retroperfusion of cardioplegic solution in neonates and infants provides satisfactory myocardial protection as well as antegrade perfusion, and it was a useful means of cardioplegic delivery in Jatene operation, because of its simplicity.

Aorta↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in production of platelet activating factor by adherent hepatocytes of mice with experimental liver failure].

It is thought that the platelet activating factor (PAF) enhances the immune response and inflammatory reaction. We studied the production of PAF from liver adherent cells. As a result, liver adherent cells produced PAF, when they were stimulated with calcium ionophore. In addition, when mice were treated with heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes and the mononuclear cells were infiltrated into the liver, a significantly larger amount of PAF was produced compared to normal mice.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Effects of an anti-tumor polysaccharide, schizophyllan, on interferon-gamma and interleukin 2 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

We examined the effect of schizophyllan, a neutral glucan isolated from the culture filtrate of Schizophyllum commune Fries, on the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 2 (IL 2) from the mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). When the levels of IFN-gamma and IL 2 in the culture medium of phytohemagglutin (PHA)- or concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated PBMC were measured by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively, a significant increase in the production of both cytokines by schizophyllan was demonstrated. These results suggest that the increased production of IFN-gamma and IL 2 may be responsible for the anti-tumor activity of this glucan.

Concanavalin A↗
PubMed1988

Inhibition of human platelet secretion and of Ca2+, calmodulin-dependent protein phosphorylation by the antiallergic agent GMCHA.

Calcium ion-dependent interaction with purified calmodulin (CaM), of a potent inhibitor of histamine release from mast cells, trans-4-guanidinomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid p-tertbutylphenylester (GMCHA), was investigated using 5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonyl-calmodulin (dansyl-CaM). GMCHA undergoes a fluorescence increase with the Ca2+-dansyl-CaM complex but there is no significant change in the dansyl-CaM fluorescence with GMCHA, up to a 10 microM in the absence of calcium ion. This suggests that binding of GMCHA to CaM is Ca2+-dependent on the apparent Kd is approximately 1 microM. GMCHA suppressed the fluorescence of the hydrophobic probe 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS), in the presence of the Ca2+-CaM complex, with an IC50 value of 3 microM. [3H]N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) bound to the purified CaM was displaced, in a concentration dependent manner by GMCHA, the Ki value of GMCHA against the binding of W-7 to CaM was 2.3 microM, and there was a selective inhibition of the Ca2+-CaM induced activation of enzymes such as myosin light chain kinase. Increasing the CaM concentration in the presence of Ca2+ overcame the GMCHA-induced inhibition of myosin light chain kinase activation, with a Ki value of 2.7 microM. GMCHA at these concentrations is effective in inhibiting the release of histamine from mast cells. Moreover, this compound suppresses platelet secretion and relaxes vascular strips, at concentrations similar to those seen with the CaM interacting action and characteristic of CaM antagonists such as W-7. GMCHA also inhibits the Ca2+, CaM-dependent myosin light chain phosphorylation of human platelets. These results suggest that GMCHA, a potent inhibitor of histamine release from mast cells, suppresses platelet secretion, relaxes vascular smooth muscle and inhibits Ca2+, CaM-dependent protein phosphorylation, all at similar concentrations.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1988

Measurements of oxygen pressure in the vocal fold during laryngeal nerve stimulation.

To clarify the mechanisms of ischemic change in the vocal fold on phonation, model experiments were performed under various conditions by recording tissue oxygen pressure (Pto2) values under electrical stimulation of either the recurrent laryngeal nerves or external branches of the superior laryngeal nerves. In addition, autonomic nerve regulation of laryngeal vessels was estimated under administration of succinylcholine chloride. Oxygen pressures of the vocal fold were measured in the lamina propria and vocal muscle at the middle of the membranous portion. The Pto2 in the lamina propria showed a slight increase during lower-frequency stimulation and a slight decrease during higher-frequency stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The Pto2 in the vocal muscle showed a decrease during stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. On the other hand, the Pto2 showed almost no change in the lamina propria or vocal muscle during stimulation of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. It is supposed that an ischemic change in the vocal muscle on phonation results mainly from contraction of the vocal muscle. On the contrary, the ischemic change in the vocal mucosa on phonation does not appear to be directly caused by the contraction of the vocal muscle but by other factors, such as wavelike movement.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effects of recombinant interleukin 2 on immunological effector cells of the peripheral blood in patients with HBe antigen-positive chronic hepatitis.

Changes in peripheral blood immunological effector cells after systemic administration of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL2) were studied in 14 patients with HBe antigen-positive chronic hepatitis. The patients were intravenously injected with rIL2 for 4 weeks, and the experiments were performed using mononuclear cells isolated from the peripheral blood during and after rIL2 administration. No significant changes in OKT4-positive cell population, OKT8-positive cell population, OKT4/OKT8 ratio and Leu7-positive cell population were detected during and after intravenous injection of rIL2. However, the natural killer (NK) cell and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activities significantly increased in the fourth week of rIL2 administration, while the K cell activity in the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity reaction, antibody response, lectin-induced lymphocyte transformation and IL1 production of LPS-stimulated monocytes were not affected. These results suggest that IL2 increases the NK cell and LAK cell activities in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Laryngeal reflex mechanism during deglutition--observation of subglottal pressure and afferent discharge.

In this investigation, particular attention was paid to elucidate the laryngeal reflex mechanism of protective closure and the sensory function of the larynx during deglutition. For this purpose, three different experimental procedures were adopted: (1) subglottal pressure of felines was measured during deglutition using a pressure transducer; (2) subglottal pressure of human beings was measured during deglutition using a pressure transducer; and (3) afferent discharges from superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves of felines were recorded. The following conclusions appear justified. (1) Feline and human subglottal pressure during deglutition showed the following pattern. The pressure rises with onset of deglutition, temporarily drops during laryngeal elevation, rises again during the downward movement of the larynx, and drops again at the end of the glutition. This pattern was not affected by the resection of the unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve. (2) The superior laryngeal nerve is involved in the sensory function of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea. At least two types of afferent discharges from superficial and internal sensory nerves are suspected. Afferent discharges from the recurrent laryngeal nerves in the larynx and trachea are not as distinct as those of the superior laryngeal nerve, and this seems to correspond with various changes in the thorax. During deglutition, afferent discharges were recorded from superior to recurrent laryngeal nerves.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a case of remarkable remission with combined chemotherapy.

A 67-year-old man presented with asymptomatic gross hematuria. Cystoscopy and radiographic studies revealed a large tumor on the left lateral wall of the urinary bladder. Also, computer tomographic (CT) scan of the pelvic cavity showed metastasis to the left external iliac node. The light microscopic appearance of cold punch biopsy specimens for the tumor was closely akin to small cell carcinoma of the lung. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells exhibited small numbers of neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm. After surgical treatment, the patient was treated with combined chemotherapy using cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) and etoposide. On CT scan, a remarkable remission was shown to have been induced at the metastatic site after three cycles of the therapy. Though the morphology of bladder tumors has not received very much attention, this report emphasizes that detailed pathological examination is of therapeutic importance.

Aged↗