Biomedical subjects

T Shindo

Publications and source records attributed to T Shindo.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

[The role of surgeon in treatment of chronic respiratory failure after pulmonary tuberculosis operations].

We analyzed pulmonary functions and rib cage-phrenic motions on 296 cases of chronic empyema patients who had surgical treatment. Pulmonary functions were better preserved in patients with a single step than in those with multi-step operations, and in those who had more than five operations the impairment was inevitable. Both %VC and rib cage-phrenic motions improved by decortication, and by air-plombage, but in those who developed multi-rib fractures after the latter procedure, ipsilateral chest wall motion almost disappeared. Since some restriction of rib cage-phrenic motion is inevitable after the surgery, we have developed a cuirass respirator which can synchronize with the respiration to assist the movement of the chest wall. The results attained so far are satisfactory.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

[Angiography of silent myocardial ischemia].

From March 1986 through October 1987, elective diagnostic coronary angiography was performed in 1,542 consecutive patients. Among them, silent myocardial ischemia was investigated based on the histories in their medical questionnaires, the results of exercise stress tests and the presence of significant coronary artery stenosis. Exercise-induced silent myocardial ischemia was documented only in 3% in the non-infarction group, and in 2.1% of those with significant coronary stenosis. However, asymptomatic post-infarction patients comprised 33%. With regard to the extent of coronary artery disease in the non-infarction group, one-, two- and three-vessel disease accounted for 42%, 29% and 29%, respectively (NS). However, one-vessel disease was predominant among the asymptomatic post-infarction patients (p < 0.01). Among the non-infarction group, those with asymptomatic coronary stenosis had a relatively high incidence of diabetes mellitus (p < 0.01), but such a difference was not significant among the asymptomatic post-infarction patients. Among the post-infarction group, many of those who had chest pain during exercise showed redistribution on exercise thallium scintigraphy. Angioplasty was performed in most of the patients in the asymptomatic group, but its long-term effects are yet unknown.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[A loco-regional cancer chemotherapy, using a fibrin clot as a drug carrier--the oncolytic effects and putative mechanisms].

Anticancer drug (AD), adriamycin (ADM) or cisplatinum (CDDP) were individually encapsulated into an insoluble fibrin clot (FC), using our own technique. FC-ADM or FC-CDDP was intraabdominally placed in AH 130-bearing rats, and ADM or CDDP solution was intraabdominally injected (IP) into other cancer-bearing rats. The survival time was recorded and related oncolytic mechanisms were investigated. Eleven of 14 rats treated with FC-CDDP, and four of eight rats given FC-ADM, survived for more than 200 days. In these animals, the ascites disappeared within 10 to 14 days after the treatment, and there was neither a recurrence of ascites nor metastases. Eight of these rats underwent challenge of AH 130 cells. All the challenged animals revealed no evidence of recurrence of the cancer and showed a killing activity against the AH 130 cancer cells. Survival time in the other cancer-bearing rats was shorter than three weeks, and the direct cause of death was cachexia. Our newly devised FC-AD showed high activity against implanted AH 130 tumors. These activities are attributed to both a sustained release of AD and immunoresponses induced with FC-AD.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[A case of tuberculous osteomyelitis resembling metastatic cancer on bone scintigraphy].

A 48-year-old male was referred to our division, on the suspicion of lung cancer with bone metastasis. Chest radiography showed a mass shadow and bone scintigram demonstrated multiple scattered regions of increased uptake. However bronchial and bone biopsy specimens revealed granuloma with epithelial cells and giant cells. A diagnosis of tuberculous osteomyelitis was made, and antituberculous therapy was begun. Chest radiography and bone scintigrams one year later showed marked improvement.

Antitubercular Agents↗

PubMed1991

[Flow cytometric analysis of platelets in patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia].

Platelets from 10 patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (7 patients with type I and 3 with type II) and their 18 family members (11 parents, 6 siblings and one daughter) were analyzed by flow cytometry using 3 different commercially available FITC-labeled monoclonal antibodies. The amount of platelet GPIIbIIIa was calculated by using the ratio of the fluorescence intensity of the mean channel in comparison to normal platelets. The amount of platelet GPIIbIIIa was lower than 19% in 6 patients with type I and one patient with type II thrombasthenia. One type I patient had a 46.5% GPIIbIIIa amount as assessed using the monoclonal antibody TP80 (Nichirei Corp. Japan) which recognized GPIIb, although the other 2 antibodies showed an amount of less than 5%. One type II patient showed the following results: 30.9% (TP80), 28.2% (P2 antibody, Immunotech, France), and 3.9% (PLT1, Coulter Immunology, USA). The remaining type II patient consistently showed a normal amount of platelet GPIIbIIIa using all antibodies, appeared to be a variant form of thrombasthenia. The parents of type I patients had a significantly lower amount of platelet GPIIbIIIa compared to normal and 2 siblings of type I patients were diagnosed as heterozygotes. These findings suggest that Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is more heterogeneous than we have previously suspected, and that flow cytometric analysis using different monoclonal antibodies is a useful tool for identifying those heterogeneities and for the detection of type I carriers.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Relationship between the total IgE levels and specific IgE antibodies].

In this study, nine allergens were selected; i.e. 1289 cases of d1, 1277 cases of e1, 1547 cases of f1, 1063 cases of t17 and others, for investigating the relationship between the total IgE level and RAST score. The results showed that the total IgE level was high in high d1 score, and 29 cases of low IgE level were observed in high f1 score groups. On the other hand, the comparison of the CAP system and the total IgE level showed. The result shows that one case of low total IgE value was found in highest d1 score group.

Allergens↗

PubMed1990

Down-regulation of KOLT-2 antigen (CD28) by interleukin 2; role of IL-2R (p70).

Using KOLT-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) recognizing a 44,000 molecular weight (MW) T-cell activation antigen (CD28), we observed the co-expression of KOLT-2 (CD28) antigen and Tac (CD25) antigen, associated with a 55,000 MW chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) complex. IL-2R (p55), on several T-cell lines transformed by human T-lymphotropic virus-I (HTLV-I), as well as several subclones of the natural killer (NK)-like cell line YT. When YT cells (YTC3T, YT5.1) and IL-2-dependent HTLV-I+ T-cell line cells (ED, ATL35C) expressing both IL-2R (p55) and IL-2R (p70) chains were cultured with recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2), KOLT-2 antigen was down-regulated in 24 hr. However, KOLT-2 antigen on HPB-ALL (Kurume) cells expressing neither of the IL-2R chains was unaffected by IL-2. IL-2 also failed to down-regulate KOLT-2 antigen on MT-1 cells bearing IL-2R (p55)/Tac without IL-2R (p70). To clarify the role of IL-2R (p70) in the IL-2-induced down-regulation of KOLT-2 antigen, we analysed the effect of IL-2 on a Tac- subclone of YT (YT2C2) that expresses IL-2R (p70). As was the case with Tac+ YT cells, KOLT-2 antigen was down-regulated by IL-2, and this down-regulation was inhibited by anti-IL-2R (p70) mAb but not by anti-Tac mAb. These results show that the signalling through the IL-2/IL-2R system down-regulates KOLT-2 (CD28) antigen by way of the interaction between IL-2 and IL-2R (p70), irrespective of IL-2R (p55)/Tac. Possible involvement of the IL-2/IL-2R system in the CD28-mediated mitogenic mechanism is discussed.

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗

PubMed1990

[Correlation of CT and pathologic findings of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis].

The X-ray CT findings of two cases of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis were reported. The correlation between high-resolution CT findings and inflated biopsy specimens was studied. The X-ray CT findings are 1) multiple low attenuation areas, 2) diffuse areas of slightly increased density and 3) irregular enlargement of pulmonary vascular images. Each low attenuation are turned out to correspond to emphysematous lesions. Slightly increased densities on CT images seemed to be caused by a summation of many small nodules of a proliferation of smooth muscle cells located in the wall of respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts, with or without intraalveolar hemosiderosis. Some nodular lesions in bronchiolar walls were so close to neighboring vessels that they could not be separated from vascular images on CT, so peripheral vascular images were irregularly thickened. X-ray CT reflected more actual pathological findings than routine chest radiographs. As low attenuation areas on CT images have been reported to be representative of pulmonary emphysema, it is thought that the above CT findings must be differentiated from those of pulmonary emphysema. While pulmonary vascular images were thin and stretched on the CT in patients with emphysema, they were irregularly thickened on the CT of patients with LAM. Furthermore, while CT of emphysema often revealed overinflation or decreased density, diffuse areas of slightly increased density were never found in emphysema.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Acrylamide derivatives as antiallergic agents. 2. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of N-[4-[4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-3-(3-pyridyl)acryl amides.

A new series of 3-(3-pyridyl)acrylamides 16, 17, 19, and 26, and 5-(3-pyridyl)-2,4-pentadienamides 20-25 were prepared and evaluated for their antiallergic activity. Several of these compounds exhibited more potent inhibitory activities than the parent compound 1a [(E)-N-[4-[4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-3- (3-pyridyl)acrylamide] against the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction and the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase. Particularly, (E)-N-[4-[4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-3- (6-methyl-3-pyridyl)acrylamide (17p) showed an ED50 value of 3.3 mg/kg po in the rat PCA test, which was one-fifth of ketotifen and oxatomide. As compared with ketotifen and oxatomide, compound 17p (AL-3264) possessed a better balance of antiallergic properties due to inhibition of chemical mediator release, inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase, and antagonism of histamine.

Acrylamides↗

PubMed1989

Mitogenicity and down-regulation of high-affinity interleukin 2 receptor by YTA-1 and YTA-2, monoclonal antibodies that recognize 75-kDa molecules on human large granular lymphocytes.

A large number of interleukin 2 receptors lacking the Tac epitope (IL-2R/p75) were found to be constitutively expressed on the human large granular lymphocyte/natural killer cell line YT, which bears inducible IL-2R/p55 associated with Tac antigen. Two anti-YT IgG1 monoclonal antibodies, YTA-1 and YTA-2, recognizing different epitopes of the same 75- to 80-kDa molecule, were established. The 75-kDa antigen recognized by these monoclonal antibodies was strongly expressed on the large granular lymphocytes of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells and on various lymphoid cell lines bearing IL-2R/p75. The YTA-1 and YTA-2 antibodies were mitogenic and were different from other mitogenic monoclonal antibodies such as anti-T3 (CD3), anti-T11 (CD2), and KOLT-2 (CD28). Further, they down-regulated the high-affinity IL-2R of peripheral blood mononuclear cells within 24 hr in culture. The relationship between the YTA-1/2 antigen and the IL-2R system is discussed.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1989

Indications, complications, and short-term clinical outcome of percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy.

Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy was performed in 106 consecutive patients. Significant symptomatic improvement was achieved in 97 patients (92%). Mean left atrial pressure decreased (from 18 +/- 8 to 11 +/- 8 mm Hg, p less than 0.00001), mean mitral diastolic pressure gradient decreased (from 12 +/- 7 to 7 +/- 6 mm Hg, p less than 0.00001), and mitral valve area increased (from 1.40 +/- 0.40 to 2.00 +/- 0.50 cm2, p less than 0.00001). Based on echocardiographic characteristics of the mitral apparatus, patients were grouped retrospectively in three categories: pliable (group 1, n = 37), semipliable (group 2, n = 59), and rigid (group 3, n = 10). Clinical success was achieved in 36 patients of group 1 (97%) and in 55 patients of group 2 (93%). Only six patients in group 3 (60%) improved symptomatically (p less than 0.001 vs. group 1, p less than 0.001 vs. group 2). The severity of mitral regurgitation increased in five patients of group 1 (14%), in 12 of group 2 (20%), and in three of group 3 (33%). Six patients had recurrent symptoms at 9 months after commissurotomy. Recurrence of symptoms was significantly more frequent in group 3 compared with the other two groups (group 1, 3%; group 2, 4%; and group 3, 50%; p less than 0.0001 vs. groups 1 and 2). Multiple regression analysis identified the previously mentioned echocardiographic characteristics of the mitral apparatus as the significant predictor for clinical outcome. Thus, percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy can be considered a safe and effective treatment for patients with pliable valves. Patients with semipliable or with rigid valves should be selected for operation very carefully.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Acrylamide derivatives as antiallergic agents. I. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of N-[(4-substituted 1-piperazinyl)alkyl]-3-(aryl and heteroaryl)acrylamides.

A new series of acrylamide derivatives (7-10) were synthesized. Antiallergic activity of these compounds was evaluated and their structure-activity relationships were examined. Compound 10d, N-[4-(4-diphenylmethyl-1-piperazinyl)butyl]-3-(3-pyridyl)acrylamid e, showed antiallergic activity equivalent or superior to that of ketotifen in the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) test by oral administration. Compound 10d, unlike ketotifen, had more potent in vitro 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity than caffeic acid, whereas its in vitro antihistamine activity was weaker than that of ketotifen. In addition, its inhibitory activity against histamine release from rat mast cells was approximately two-thirds as potent as that of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). Compound 10d is a promising agent for treating a variety of allergic diseases.

Acrylamides↗

PubMed1989

Synthesis and antiallergic activity of N-[4-(4-diphenylmethyl-1-piperazinyl)butyl]-1,4-dihydro-4-oxopyridine-3 - carboxamides.

A new series of oxopyridinecarboxamide derivatives 3a--g and 5a were synthesized and evaluated for their antiallergic activity. 1,4-Dihydro-7-methyl-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxamides 3a and 5a exhibited potent antiallergic activity (inhibitory rates of 80.7 and 88.3%, respectively, at 20 mg/kg, p.o.) in the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) test and also exhibited much more potent in vitro inhibitory activity than caffeic acid against the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). Their in vitro antihistamine activity, however, was weaker than that of ketotifen. Compounds 3a and 5a are viewed as promising candidates for antiallergic agents.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Acrylamide derivatives as antiallergic agents. III. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of N-[4-(4-diphenylmethyl-1-piperazinyl)butyl]- and N-[4-(4-diphenylmethylene-1-piperidyl)butyl]-3-heteroarylacry lamides.

A new series of 3-heteroarylacrylamides 2 and 4 was prepared and the inhibitory activities against the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction and the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) were tested. Most of the compounds exhibited an anti-PCA activity superior to or equivalent to ketotifen and had a 5-LO inhibitory activity. The 3-heteroarylacrylamide derivatives including 3-(3-pyridyl)acrylamides represent a new structural class of compound that exhibits not only an in vivo anti-PCA activity but also an in vitro 5-LO inhibitory activity.

Acrylamides↗

PubMed1989

[Inhibitory effect of amlexanox (AA-673) on the immunological and non-immunological release of histamine or leukotrienes].

The effect of amlexanox on the non-immunological or immunological release of histamine or leukotrienes (LTs) from passively sensitized human lung fragments and atopic human leukocytes was investigated and compared with those of AA-861, tranilast, azelastine and disodium cromoglycate. 1) Amlexanox at concentrations of 10(-7)-10(-4) M showed an inhibition of histamine, LTB4, LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4 release from passively sensitized human lung fragments in a concentration-dependent fashion. A selective and competitive inhibitor of the 5-lipoxygenase activity, AA-861 modestly affected the histamine release and potently suppressed the any LT release at 10(-7) and 10(-6) M. Antiallergic drugs, tranilast and disodium cromoglycate also suppressed these chemical mediator release, but the inhibition potency was somewhat weaker than that of amlexanox. 2) Ca ionophore A23187-induced release of LTB4 and LTC4 from atopic human leukocytes was slightly enhanced up to 10(-6) M of amlexanox. However, 10(-4) M of the drug strongly diminished both of LT release. From these results, it is suggested that amlexanox is a clinically effective drug for atopic diseases, especially allergic asthma and rhinitis.

Aminopyridines↗

PubMed1989

[Surgical treatment of small cell lung cancer].

Thirty-four small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients underwent surgery in Kyoto University from 1976 to 1989. The mean age was 62 years males numbered 25 cases, and females 9. All cases were LD except 2 rib-metastasized patients. Seventeen patients were in PS 0, and 17 in PS 1. Twenty-eight patients were treated with chemotherapy. In the remaining 5 patients 2 were treated by only oral 5-FU derivatives, one died upon operation, one was unable to be treated because of advanced age, and the last one refused chemotherapy. Except for the one operational death, 33 cases were able to be evaluated. Out of 28 patients, 16 were treated only by post-operative chemotherapy. As for operational radicality, 21 out of 31 cases were operated radically (68%). The survival rate of these 33 patients reached 78% for 1 year, 37% for and 5 years, with MSI at 26 months. The neoadjuvant (+) group showed a better prognosis than the non-non-neoadjuvant group.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Nd-YAG laser therapy in the field of pulmonary surgery].

Since 1980, we have treated 71 patients with malignant tumors and benign lesions by the Nd-YAG laser. The flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope with the local anesthesia was used for the treatments. Fifty-four cases were malignant tumors and 17 were benign lesions involving trachea and/or hilar bronchus. In malignant tumors, 41 cases were lung cancers, 24 of which were squamous cell carcinomas. Of 17 cases of benign lesions, 10 (58.5%) were introgenic stenoses. Palliative treatments were done for 36 cases of lung cancers, of which 23 died within 1 year after treatments. Four of 5 cases, which survived beyond 2 years, were adenoid cystic carcinomas. In 17 benign cases, 13 (76.5%) showed distinct improvements of symptoms and findings after treatments. Three patients died of massive bleedings. In these cases, severe stenoses were observed, which required treatments repeatedly. With the proper knowledge of the indications, limitations and complications, of YAG laser therapy it can be a beneficial mean for the management of benign lesions and malignant tumors in trachea and hilar bronchus.

Female↗

PubMed1989

[Adjuvant surgery for lung cancer].

Recently several trials of adjuvant surgery or so-called neo-adjuvant chemotherapy have been reported about lung cancer. The indication of this therapy contains not only small cell lung cancers but also non-small cell lung cancers in most recent report. However, the therapeutic outcome is not satisfactory especially in N2 cases, better local control and, even a few, long time survivors were reported with this therapy. In our own experience of 10 cases since 1981, same tendency was recognized. So several type of controlled studies are necessary for the evaluation of adjuvant surgery to lung cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗