PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Sorahan

Publications and source records attributed to T Sorahan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Benign pigmented nevi in children. Prevalence and associated factors: the West Midlands, United Kingdom Mole Study.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Prevalence of benign melanocytic nevi (moles) has been shown to be a major predictor of malignant melanoma. In this study the prevalence of moles in a group of 2140 children, aged 4 to 11 years, was determined. A standard questionnaire was completed by the parents of each child and included information on environmental and life-style factors. Examination data for each child were linked to the data obtained from the questionnaire. RESULTS: Prevalence increases rapidly throughout childhood and studies of children may indicate which factors contribute to mole development. Boys had more moles than girls, as did white children when compared with other ethnic groups. Prevalence of moles increased with age in children of both sexes. Among whites, skin color had little influence on mole prevalence. The following characteristics, however, were associated with an increased prevalence of moles: a propensity to burn rather than tan, a history of sunburn, a tendency to freckle, and a life-style involving increased sun exposure. A striking positive association between prevalence of moles and number of foreign holidays in a hot climate was observed. This association was independent of a history of sunburn. CONCLUSIONS: The study supports the hypothesis that environmental factors influence the prevalence of moles in childhood.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Benign pigmented nevi in children from Kidderminster, England: prevalence and associated factors.

The prevalence of benign pigmented nevi in a group of 187 children, aged 8 or 9 years, was determined for each of 31 anatomic sites. Information on possible associated factors was obtained from the children's parents with a standard interview questionnaire. Pale skin color was found to be associated with a higher prevalence of nevi. A comparison of these data with recent data from Australia supports the hypotheses that (1) the number of nevi is a risk factor for melanoma and (2) groups at high risk of melanoma may be formed in childhood.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Coarse fishing and urothelial cancer: a regional case-control study.

In a regional case-control study of coarse fishing and urothelial cancer, histories from 989 patients with tumours diagnosed in the period 1985-87 were compared with histories from 2,059 unmatched electoral register controls and 1,599 matched general practitioner controls. Angling and the use of dyed maggots by anglers were not found to be risk factors. The study emphasises the importance of the established risk factor of cigarette smoking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Mortality in the British rubber industry 1946-85.

The mortality experienced by a cohort of 36,691 rubber workers during 1946-85 has been investigated. These workers were all male operatives first employed in any one of the 13 participating factories in 1946-60; all had worked continuously in the industry for a minimum period of one year. Compared with the general population, statistically significant excesses relating to cancer mortality were found for cancer of the pharynx (E = 20.2, O = 30, SMR = 149), oesophagus (E = 87.6, O = 107, SMR = 122), stomach (E = 316.5, O = 359, SMR = 113), lung (E = 1219.2, O = 1592, SMR = 131), and all neoplasms (E = 2965.6, O = 3344, SMR = 113). Statistically significant deficits were found for cancer of the prostate. (E = 128.2, O = 91, SMR = 71), testis (E = 11.0, O = 4, SMR = 36), and Hodgkin's disease (E = 26.9, O = 16, SMR = 59). Involvement of occupational exposures was assessed by the method of regression models and life tables (RMLT). This method was used to compare the duration of employment in the industry, the duration in "dust exposed" jobs, and the duration in "fume and/or solvent exposed" jobs of those dying from causes of interest with those of all matching survivors. Positive associations (approaching formal levels of statistical significance) were found only for cancers of the stomach and the lung. The results of the RMLT analysis are independent of those from the SMR analysis, and the study continues to provide limited evidence of a causal association between the risks of stomach cancer and dust exposures, and the risks of lung cancer and fume or solvent exposures in the rubber industry during the period under study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Cancer mortality in a cohort of United Kingdom steel foundry workers: 1946-85.

The mortality experienced by a cohort of 10,491 United Kingdom steel foundry workers during the period 1946-85 has been investigated. These workers were all male operatives first employed in any one of the 10 participating foundries in 1946-65; all had worked in the industry for a minimum period of one year. Compared with the general population of England and Wales, statistically significant excesses relating to cancer mortality were found for cancer of the stomach (E = 77.4, O = 106, SMR = 137) and cancer of the lung (E = 229.2, O = 441, SMR = 147). A statistically significant deficit was found for cancer of the brain (E = 19.4, O = 10, SMR = 51). Involvement of occupational exposures was assessed by the method of regression models and life tables (RMLT). This method was used to compare the duration of employment in the industry, in "dust exposed" jobs, in "fume exposed" jobs, in foundry area jobs, in fettling shop jobs, and in foundry area or fettling shop jobs, of those dying from cancers of the stomach and lung with those of all matching survivors. The RMLT analyses provided evidence of an occupational involvement in the risk of death from lung cancer from work in the foundry area or fettling shop, and weaker evidence of an occupational involvement in the risk of death from stomach cancer from work in the foundry area.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1987

Mortality from lung cancer among a cohort of nickel cadmium battery workers: 1946-84.

The lung cancer mortality experienced by a cohort of 3025 workers from a nickel cadmium battery factory during the period 1946-84 has been investigated. Occupational histories were described in terms of 75 jobs: eight with "high," 14 with "moderate" or slight, and 53 with minimal or zero exposure to cadmium oxide (hydroxide) dust. The Mantel-Haenszel technique applied to prospective (or historical prospective) studies was used to compare the estimated cadmium exposures (durations of exposed employment) of those dying from lung cancer with those of matching survivors in the same year of follow up, while controlling for sex and year, and age of starting employment. Among workers first employed in the period 1923-46, there was some evidence of an association between the risk of dying from lung cancer and duration of employment in "high or moderate" exposure jobs, although the evidence relied heavily on the findings for the single highest exposure category. Among workers first employed in the period 1947-75, there was no evidence whatsoever of such an association.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1987

A mortality study of nickel/chromium platers.

The mortality experienced by a cohort of 2689 nickel/chromium platers between 1946 and 1983 has been investigated. All members of the study cohort had some period of chrome exposed employment. Overall, compared with the general population of England and Wales, statistically significant differences relating to cancer were found for cancer of the stomach (E = 16.2, O = 25), primary cancer of the liver (E = 0.8, O = 4), cancer of the nose and nasal cavities (E = 0.3, O = 3), cancers of the lung and bronchus (E = 48.1, O = 72), and all cancers (E = 164.2, O = 213). Chrome bath workers are the more heavily exposed workers, and a striking difference in SMRs was found for lung cancer among men first employed as chrome bath workers (SMR = 199) and men first employed as other chrome workers (SMR = 101). The method of regression models in life tables (RMLT) was used to compare the durations of chrome exposed employment of those dying from causes of interest with those of all matching survivors in the same year of follow up, while controlling for sex, and for year and age of starting employment. Significant positive associations were found only for cancers of the lung and bronchus and duration of chrome bath work. In this study exposure to nickel was shown not to be an important confounding exposure.

Chromium↗
PubMed1987

Birth weight and childhood cancer deaths.

For investigation of the hypothesis that elevated birth weight characterizes children dying from cancer, birth weights of over 3,000 children who died of cancer were compared with those of matched controls alive at the time of the case's death. Analysis revealed no consistent pattern of association between birth weight and subsequent cancer death. Girls who died of solid tumors between ages 1 and 10 had a significantly higher mean birth weight and an excess of high birth weights separate from the influence of maternal age, birth order, and socioeconomic status. Boys who died of solid tumors between birth and 2 years had a significantly lower mean birth weight and exhibited a significant, progressive linear decrease in representation across the birth-weight distribution in the controlled analysis. However, this study, the largest to date, did not support previous claims that birth weight may be an important predictor of childhood cancer risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Cancer mortality in the British rubber industry: 1946-80.

The mortality experienced by a cohort of 36445 rubber workers during 1946-80 has been investigated. These workers were all male operatives first employed in any one of the 13 participating factories in 1946-60; all had worked continuously in the industry for a minimum period of one year. Compared with the general population, statistically significant excesses relating to cancer mortality were found for cancer of the stomach (E = 245.9, O = 282, SMR = 115), primary cancer of the liver (E = 12.8, O = 22, SMR = 172), cancer of the lung (E = 892.7, O = 1191, SMR = 133), and all neoplasms (E = 2165.2, O = 2487, SMR = 115). Statistically significant deficits were found for cancer of the prostate (E = 79.7, O = 59, SMR = 74) and cancer of the testis (E = 10.3, O = 4, SMR = 39). The method of regression models in life tables (RMLT) was used to compare the duration of employment in the industry, the duration in "dust exposed" jobs, and the duration in "fume and/or solvent exposed" jobs of those dying from causes of interest with those of all matching survivors. Significant positive associations were found only for cancer of the stomach and cancer of the lung. The results of the RMLT analysis are independent of those from the SMR analysis, and the study has provided further evidence of a causal association between the risks of lung and stomach cancer and certain occupational exposures in the rubber industry.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Radium luminizers.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Coarse fishing and risk of urothelial cancer.

In a case-control study of 240 men with urothelial cancer diagnosed in 1984 and 240 matched control subjects smoking and coarse fishing were found to be significantly associated with the disease. Duration of exposure to the chrysoidine azo dyes used to stain maggot bait was the most important predictor of risk; 5% of our cases were attributable to exposure to this dye. Chrysoidine dyes are chemically similar to some putative mammalian carcinogens and a constituent of hair dyes.

Adult↗