PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Srivastava

Publications and source records attributed to T Srivastava.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Choice of oviposition site between surface of the medium and paper in four Indian species of Drosophila.

Choice of oviposition site between surface of the medium and paper positioned vertically on the medium by females was studied in four species of Drosophila: D. ananassae, D. bipectinata, D. malerkotliana, and D. biarmipes. Several geographic strains of these species were used. Females of all the four species laid greater proportions of eggs on the surface of medium as compared to surface of the paper. Thus all the four species tested show preference for oviposition on surface of medium. When the comparison is made for oviposition on paper among the four species, D. ananassae lays more eggs on the surface of paper as compared to other three species.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

C1q nephropathy presenting as rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis.

C1q nephropathy is an immune complex glomerulonephritis defined by the presence of mesangial immunoglobulins and complement deposits, most notably C1q, and the absence of clinical and laboratory evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. Histology in C1q nephropathy is characterized by a slight to severe increase in mesangial cellularity and matrix, with or without segmental sclerosis. C1q nephropathy usually presents with nephrotic-range proteinuria in older children and young adults, and has a poor response to steroids. Patients may have decreased creatinine clearance at presentation, but progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is slow. Severe crescentic glomerulonephritis has not been reported in C1q nephropathy. We describe a 3-year-old Hispanic girl who presented with renal insufficiency. Kidney biopsy showed C1q nephropathy with severe crescentic glomerulonephritis. The clinical and serological evaluation ruled out systemic lupus erythematosus or other immunological or infectious etiologies. In spite of immunosuppressive therapy, she progressed to ESRD within 14 weeks and is currently on chronic peritoneal dialysis. The atypical features of C1q nephropathy observed in our patient, which have not been described in earlier reports, are an early age of onset, severe crescentic glomerulonephritis, and rapid progression to ESRD. C1q nephropathy should be added to the differential diagnosis of glomerulonephritis in young children and in the patient with crescentic glomerulonephritis.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed2000

P300 in newly diagnosed non-dementing Parkinson's disease: effect of dopaminergic drugs.

Changes in cognitive function are an integral part of the clinical presentation of Parkinson's Disease (PD). P300 potential studies in early stages of Parkinson's disease are lacking and effect of L-dopa therapy on these potentials is controversial. In this study, changes in P300 potentials in early stages of PD and effects of dopaminergic therapy were investigated. P300 waves were elicited by standard auditory 'odd ball' paradigm and were recorded before the start of therapy and 15 days, 3 and 6 months after the start of L-dopa therapy in 25 newly diagnosed patients with idiopathic PD. All patients were classified according to Hoehn and Yahr scale. Minimental status examination (MMSE) was done in all. Control group had 20 normal subjects. The P300 latency was not significantly increased in early Parkinson's disease. This latency was reduced with dopaminergic therapy on 15th day, but increased later. Implications of the data are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

High incidence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in nephrotic syndrome of childhood.

In recent adult literature, there have been reports of an increasing incidence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) among patients with nephrotic syndrome. To examine whether this observation is also relevant to the pediatric population we utilized our hospital computerized database to analyze the data on children with primary nephrotic syndrome seen first between the years 1984 and 1995. A questionnaire was also sent to all metropolitan Kansas City pediatricians to identify possible patients outside the database. The inclusion criteria were clinical nephrotic syndrome or proteinuria with a kidney biopsy. A total of 148 patients (group A) were identified; 86 of them from metropolitan Kansas City (group B). In group A the incidence of minimal change disease (MCD) and FSGS was 52.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 44%-60%] and 23.0% (95% CI 16-29%), respectively and in group B 54.7% (95% CI 44%-65%) and 24.5% (95% CI 15%-33%), respectively. Those numbers were significantly different from the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (IS-KDC) reported incidence of 76.4% for MCD and 6.9% for FSGS. Similar to the ISKDC, in our population children over 6 years had a higher incidence of FSGS than younger children (32.8% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.028). The annual incidence rate for nephrotic syndrome in group B was 2.2 cases/10(5) children per year, of which MCD comprised 1.22 cases/10(5) children per year and FSGS 0.5 cases/10(5) children per year. The annual incidence rates of both primary nephrotic syndrome (3.6) and FSGS (1.6) were significantly higher in African-Americans, than Caucasians (1.8 and 0.3 cases/10(5) children per year, respectively). Our study indicates nearly no change in the annual incidence of pediatric primary nephrotic syndrome, but a higher incidence of FSGS with reciprocal decline in the incidence of MCD. The possibility of primary nephrotic syndrome being caused by a non-MCD entity is further raised among African-American and in children over 6 years. We conclude that our perception of primary nephrotic syndrome of childhood as a benign condition has to be carefully reexamined and a more-guarded prognostic approach adopted in our geographic area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Autosomal dominant inheritance of multicystic dysplastic kidney.

Unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) in a normal infant is believed to be a sporadic disorder, with an incidence of about 1 in 4,300 live births. Isolated unilateral MCDK occurring in a family without other genitourinary abnormalities has not been described. We report a family in which isolated unilateral MCDK occurred in a woman and her two children. The mother presented with a palpable abdominal mass during infancy, which on excision was found to be a MCDK. Both the children were found to have MCDK on prenatal ultrasonography, which was later confirmed on postnatal evaluation. The MCDK in the children continues to involute on follow-up urinary tract ultrasonography. The inheritance of MCDK appears to be autosomal dominant in this family.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1999

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder in pediatric renal transplantation.

Of 84 renal transplants performed in our center since 1986, six recipients (7.1%) developed posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). All received quadruple immunosuppression with Minnesota anti-lymphoblastic globulin or anti-thymocyte globulin, methylprednisolone, cyclosporine, and azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil. Five were seronegative for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) when they received their renal transplant. All patients received prophylactic acyclovir treatment postrenal transplant and none developed a cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. All patients were positive for EBV by serology and polymerase chain reaction at the time of diagnosis of PTLD. Clinical features at presentation included fever (6/6), adenopathy (4/6), hypertrophied adenoids (4/6), liver involvement (2/6), and allograft involvement (2/6), 2-78 months (4/6<6 months) postrenal transplant. Histopathology of PTLD tissue revealed T cell rich/ Hodgkin disease-like B cell PTLD in one patient, polymorphic PTLD in four, and monomorphic (large B cell lymphoma) PTLD in one. Immunophenotyping of the PTLD biopsy specimen revealed predominant T cells in three, mixed B and T cells in two patients, and B cell in one. No aneuploid populations were identified by flow cytometric DNA ploidy assay. DNA from the PTLD tissue revealed weak to moderate IgH gene rearrangement in four of six patients but no T cell receptor beta-chain or c-myc gene rearrangement on Southern blot analysis. The child with monomorphic (large B cell lymphoma) PTLD was clonal with lambda light chain restriction on immunophenotyping. Treatment consisted of reduced immunosuppression and ganciclovir/ acyclovir in all patients. CMV hyperimmune globulin was used as an adjunctive therapy in two patients. Chemotherapy was needed in only one patient. A single rejection episode occurred in two children following reduction in immunosuppression, which reversed following intravenous methylprednisolone therapy. PTLD resolved in all patients and at present all patients are alive with functional grafts 2-54 months post diagnosis. Our experience suggests that reduced immunosuppression and anti-viral treatment is adequate in most cases of PTLD, but chemotherapy and hyperimmune globulin therapy may be beneficial in cases resistant to first-line therapy. Since all but one of our patients were EBV seronegative at the time of transplant, vigilance is especially important for early detection of PTLD in this group of the pediatric renal transplant population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Bisphosphonates: from grandparents to grandchildren.

Bisphosphonates are synthetic analogues of pyrophosphate that inhibit bone resorption by their action on osteoclasts. Bisphosphonates have been extensively used in the elderly with primary and secondary osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and hypercalcemia of malignancy. In recent years, bisphosphonates have been used to treat children acutely for resistant hypercalcemia and chronically for various metabolic bone diseases. The theoretical concerns of possible adverse effects of these drugs on the growing skeleton have not been proven to be true. In the present review, we have critically analyzed the available literature on bisphosphonate therapy in both adult and pediatric clinical trials. Although not yet approved by the FDA for use in children, bisphosphonates, from published experience, demonstrate benefit to the child with no serious adverse effects. Based on the literature analysis the review furnishes detailed recommendations and practical guidelines regarding the use of oral and intravenous bisphosphonates in children. Bisphosphonates might be the first agents to provide the pediatrician with an opportunity to treat mineral and bone disorders of childhood, which until recently did not have satisfactory therapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

Palatal myoclonus in postinfectious opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome : a case report.

An adult male presenting with acute onset opsoclonus, myoclonus and cerebellar ataxia is being reported. Patient had myoclonus involving limbs and palate. There are only a few reported cases associated with palatal myoclonus. Patient showed gradual spontaneous recovery. Possibility of underlying malignancy was excluded by detailed investigations.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Effect of temperature on oviposition in four species of the melanogaster group of Drosophila.

Experiments were conducted to test the effect of temperature on oviposition in four species of the melanogaster group of Drosophila: D. ananassae, D. bipectinata, D. malerkotliana and D. biarmipes. In each species, two wild strains were used and eggs laid by females at three different temperatures (19 degrees C, 24 degrees C and 30 degrees C) were counted for four days at 24 h interval. It is evident from the results that females of D. ananassae, D. bipectinata, D. malerkotliana and D. biarmipes lay low number of eggs at low temperature (19 degrees C). Thus oviposition in these four species of Drosophila is significantly reduced at low temperature.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Inversion polymorphism in Drosophila ananassae: persistence of inversions, heterosis and intra- and inter-chromosomal associations in experimental populations of mixed geographic origin.

Two experimental populations of D. ananassae were synthesised by making reciprocal crosses among five geographic strains and mixing the hybrids. Each of the two populations of mixed geographic origin was maintained as mass cultures in food bottles. After five generations chromosomal analysis of these two populations was made by squashing a large number of larvae. The results showed that both experimental populations remained polymorphic due to the persistence of AL, (2L), ZE (2R) and DE (3L) inversions in population A and AL, ZE, DE and ET (3R) inversions in population B. Persistence of inversions in considerable frequency and significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium showed that heterosis is associated with these four inversions in D. ananassae. Further, there is non-random association (linkage disequilibrium) between linked inversions in second (AL-ZE) chromosome. However, the inversions of the different chromosomes are associated randomly indicating no interchromosomal interactions in D. ananassae. The results of these studies on population dynamics of inversion polymorphism in experimental populations are attributable to selection, genetic drift and Founder effect.

Animals↗