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T Stephens

Publications and source records attributed to T Stephens.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Nutrition of orphan marsupials.

Marsupial milk has been found to be high in fats, protein and ash compared to eutherian milk. The generally low lactose content of marsupial milk and the corresponding low intestinal lactase activity of pouch young marsupials, when considered with the incidence of diarrhoea and the occasional formation of cataracts in orphan kangaroos fed on cow's milk (which has a high lactose content), suggests that a lactose-free milk be fed to orphan marsupials. Of the lactose-free milk substitutes for children now available, it is recommended that Pregestimil, Glucose Nutramigen and particularly CFI be used for very young orphan marsupial herbivores (especially kangaroos), as these are both lactose- and sucrose-free. Isomil, Prosobee and Triglyde, containing sucrose, may be suitable for older kangaroos which are also ingesting solids and brush-tailed possums of all ages. The appropriate natural diet of the orphan marsupial should be available at the time when initial solid food ingestion would occur in the natural state. It is suggested that milk substitute continue to be given until the orphan animal reaches the age where, in the natural state, it would be full independent.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health practices and health status: evidence from the Canada Health Survey.

Data from the Canada Health Survey were analyzed for the interrelationships of health practices and for the association of health practices with health status. Moderate alcohol use, not smoking, and seat belt use formed a cluster representing passive avoidance of direct risks; exercise and immunization made up another component, identified as active avoidance of abstract risks. These six practices clustered in the same fashion for both sexes; but for women, there was an additional factor, the avoidance of sex-specific risks. Separate health practice indices were created for men and women based on these behaviors. Index scores were shown to be significantly associated with four measures of health status. The association was particularly strong for the two indicators of emotional health for both sexes and for all four indicators for women. This study confirms the conclusions of earlier reports based on regional or highly selected samples and extends them to emotional health status; it is the first study to publish comprehensive data on this question from a sample survey representative of an entire national population.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A descriptive epidemiology of leisure-time physical activity.

Eight national surveys conducted in the United States and Canada between 1972 and 1983 are reviewed for evidence of leisure-time physical activity patterns in the population. The authors' major conclusion is that it is difficult to make reliable generalizations when definitions of exercise used in the surveys vary so widely. Nevertheless, the young and persons of relatively high socioeconomic status are definitely more active than average in their leisure time; this is probably also true of westerners and suburbanites. Males and females are about equally likely to be involved in conditioning activities, but males are more likely to participate in vigorous exercise and sport. It appears likely that exercise prevalence has increased in recent years, and a maximum of 20 percent of the population exercises at a level frequently recommended for cardiovascular benefit. Major areas of uncertainty and ignorance remain, and the authors identify 15 such areas. Secondary analysis is recommended to help resolve several questions currently impeding a complete description of the exercise patterns of the population. For future surveys, five recommendations are offered on definitions and essential data items. Existing time series studies are generally inadequate. The authors recommend that detailed surveys of exercise patterns be conducted every 5 years to supplement the continual monitoring that is also essential to detect shifts in this important health behavior.

Adolescent↗