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Biomedical subjects

T Strandberg

Publications and source records attributed to T Strandberg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Small body size at birth and behavioural symptoms of ADHD in children aged five to six years.

BACKGROUND: Behavioural disorders with a neurodevelopmental background, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), have been associated with a non-optimal foetal environment, reflected in small body size at birth. However, the evidence stems from highly selected groups with birth outcomes biased towards the extreme low end of the distribution in birth weight. Whether a similar association exists among the normal range of term birth is unclear. METHODS: The ADHD Rating Scale was filled in by the biological mothers and fathers of children aged five to six years who were born healthy at term. Information on weight (kg), height (cm), head circumference (cm), and gestational age at birth were obtained from hospital records, and the ponderal index (kg/m3), a commonly used measure of thinness, and head circumference-to-length ratio were calculated. RESULTS: Behavioural symptoms of ADHD were predicted by a lower ponderal index, a smaller head circumference, and a smaller head circumference-to-length ratio (beta's: -.12 to -.14, p's < .05). Adjustments for length of gestation, mother's age, tobacco and alcohol use during pregnancy, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), or parity, the monthly gross income of the family, child's BMI at the age of five to six years or gender did not change the associations. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that physiological adaptation in utero, indicated by small body size at birth, within term gestational range may increase the susceptibility to behavioural symptoms of ADHD.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed2003

Filaggrin related antibodies among the aged.

BACKGROUND: The mean age at onset of new cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has increased markedly. Because the prevalence of false positive rheumatoid factor reactions increases with advancing age, the diagnostic value of this test has limitations among the aged. OBJECTIVE: To study the occurrence of two filaggrin related antibodies in an aged population. METHODS: The study covered 300 subjects aged 78-88 years, one of whom had RA. The sera were tested with enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), using filaggrin purified from human skin and citrullinated cyclic peptide (CCP) as antigens. RESULTS: One patient with RA was positive for both antibodies. When the cut off level for positive reactions was set at the 98th centile of healthy blood donors, 24 (8%) of the other subjects were positive for antibodies against filaggrin, but only one against CCP. CONCLUSION: The test for anti-CCP antibody has better specificity than the test for antibodies against filaggrin among the aged.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Lowered cholesterol beneficial for vascular endothelium].

Although it is logical that coronary artery plaque is reduced, or at least the stenotic process is inhibited, when blood lipid concentrations are normalised, this does not suffice to explain the beneficial outcome of treatment in cases of hypercholesterolaemia. Several recent studies have yielded manifest evidence of the effects of cholesterol on endothelial function. Via chemical mechanisms the endothelium exerts significant regulatory effects-e g, on vascular contractility, and intervention in this process offers several possibilities of treating and preventing coronary artery disease.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of effects on sleep of lovastatin and pravastatin in hypercholesterolemia.

The effects on sleep of lovastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor administered as a lipophilic lactone prodrug, and pravastatin, an inhibitor administered in its active, hydrophilic, open-acid form, were compared by polysomnographic sleep monitoring. Twenty-four men with primary hypercholesterolemia (low-density lipoprotein 4 to 7 mmol/liter) each received 2 of the following 3 treatments in a randomized, incomplete block, crossover design study: lovastatin (40 mg/day), pravastatin (40 mg/day), and placebo. Test drug was administered once daily for 4 weeks during each half of the crossover study. Subjective sleep assessments were obtained throughout each treatment period, and polysomnographic recordings were obtained at the end of the 4-week treatment periods. Treatment periods were separated by a 1-week washout. Lovastatin did not differ from placebo regarding any polysomnographic parameter except "number of entries to wake," for which it produced fewer entries (i.e., change was in the direction of improvement). Pravastatin did not differ from placebo regarding any polysomnographic measures, but was associated with worsening in relation to lovastatin in the following parameters: sleep efficiency, entries to wake, percent rapid eye movement sleep, wake time during sleep, and total wake time. For each of these 4 parameters, although neither drug showed marked differences from placebo, the mean change in the lovastatin group was in the direction of improved sleep, whereas the change in the pravastatin group was in the direction of disturbed sleep. Neither lovastatin nor pravastatin had any effect on subjective, qualitative sleep ratings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Factors associated with calcific aortic valve degeneration in the elderly.

This study aimed at identifying factors influencing aortic valve calcification in old age. Echocardiographic and Doppler characteristics of the aortic valve were compared with possible clinical and biochemical predictors in 501 people aged 75-86 years and in 76 aged 55-71. Slight calcification was seen in 222 people (40%) and severe calcification in 72 (13%); 21 people had moderate or severe aortic stenosis. Age (P = 0.000) and serum parathyroid hormone (P = 0.015) were higher and body mass index lower (P = 0.002) in the presence of aortic valve calcification. In multivariate analysis, age (P = 0.000), hypertension (P = 0.005) and body mass index (P = 0.005) were independent predictors of aortic valve calcification, and age (P = 0.022) and serum ionized calcium (P = 0.037) of valve stenosis. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for valve calcification was 1.89 (1.42-2.50) for a 10-year increase in age, 1.74 (1.19-2.55) in the presence of hypertension, and 1.39 (1.10-1.76) for a 5 kg.m-2 decrease in body mass index. Sex, smoking, diabetes, serum lipids and insulin were unrelated to valvular calcification. These data suggest that leanness and a history of hypertension increase the likelihood of senile aortic valve calcification. Calcium metabolism may also be of significance. The mechanisms of these associations deserve further study.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Regulation of serum cholesterol level in middle-aged and elderly men. Relation of cholesterol absorption and synthesis to lipoprotein metabolism.

The aim of the present study was to investigate cholesterol absorption and cholesterol and bile acid synthesis and relate these values of kinetics of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apoprotein (apo) B in 50- and 75-year-old men to find out why and by which mechanism serum cholesterol level decreases with advancing age under normal home-living conditions. The daily calorie, fat, and cholesterol intakes were lower in the 75-year-old men because the physiological requirements of daily energy are reduced in old age. However, absolute body weight was identical in the two groups, indicating isocaloric energy intake. Serum levels of total and LDL cholesterol were insignificant lower but those of LDL apo B significantly lower, so that the LDL cholesterol/apo B ratio was higher in the elderly men. The mean reduction of LDL apo B by 26% (P < .05) in the old men was associated with a 30% (P < .05) decrease in transport rate (TR) and a 3% (P = NS) decrease in removal (FCR) for LDL apo B. However, at the comparable apo B levels, both TR and FCR for apo B were significantly lower in the old than in the younger men. Cholesterol absorption efficiency, bile acid synthesis, fecal neutral and total sterol excretion, and cholesterol turnover but not synthesis were reduced in the elderly men.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Long-term use of probucol in the multifactorial primary prevention of vascular disease.

Over 1,200 middle-aged men with no apparent vascular disease participated in a 5-year multifactorial primary prevention trial, in which 612 received dietetic, hygienic and--when indicated--pharmacologic treatment for the following risk factors: hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, obesity and abnormal glucose tolerance. Pharmacologic therapy included hypolipidemic agents (mainly probucol and clofibrate) and antihypertensive drugs (mainly diuretics and beta blockers). At the end of the 5 years, results in these men were compared with findings in 610 high risk and 593 low risk control subjects, none of whom had received treatment. Although intervention decreased the mean risk factor status of the treated men by 33%, their 5-year coronary incidence exceeded that of the high risk control subjects (3.1% vs 1.5%). Stroke incidence, however, was markedly reduced in the treated subjects (0% vs 1.3%). Multivariate analysis showed that the coronary events occurred in patients taking beta blockers or clofibrate, while few occurred in those receiving probucol or the diuretics. The decrease in mean serum cholesterol was 15% in men receiving only probucol, and ranged from 0% to 13% in those receiving different drug combinations, including clofibrate plus probucol (11%). Probucol also markedly decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, especially when combined with clofibrate. It is possible that adverse drug effects offset the probable benefit of an improved risk profile in the treated men, thereby explaining the greater than expected occurrence of cardiac events in this group. The probucol data, however, suggest that it may not be harmful to lower the high density lipoprotein cholesterol level when there is a significant decrease in total cholesterol as well.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1985

Multifactorial primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in middle-aged men. Risk factor changes, incidence, and mortality.

In a randomized five-year multifactorial primary prevention trial of vascular diseases, hyperlipidemias, hypertension, smoking, obesity, and abnormal glucose tolerance of the high-risk test group (n = 612 men) were treated with dietetic-hygienic measures and hypolipidemic (mainly probucol and clofibrate) and antihypertensive (mainly diuretics and beta-blockers) agents. A matched high-risk control group (n = 610) and a low-risk control group (n = 593) were not treated. The program markedly improved the risk factor status, yet the five-year coronary incidence tended to be higher in the intervention group than in the control group (3.1% vs 1.5%), while the stroke incidence was significantly reduced (1.3% vs 0%). The coronary events tended to be accumulated in subgroups treated with beta-blocking agents or clofibrate, but there were few in those receiving probucol or diuretics. Thus, the intervention program significantly reduced development of stroke, but the occurrence of cardiac events was not prevented. Possible adverse drug effects offsetting the probable benefit of improved risk profile are not excluded.

Antihypertensive Agents↗