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T T Hirota

Publications and source records attributed to T T Hirota.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

Encoding specificity principle in motor short-term memory for movement extent.

The hypothesis was tested that, when the mode of presentation matches the mode of reproduction in memory for movement extent, there is less error in reproduction than when the modes are not matched. Female undergraduates (n = 24) were tested under active and passive criterion movements presented either under preselected or constrained conditions. All subjects underwent 36 trials involving the combination of three retention conditions (immediate, 20-sec unfilled, and 20-sec filled) and two reproduction conditions (active and passive). Results for absolute error showed that for constrained presentations, when the mode of presentation and the mode of reproduction were the same, accuracy was greater than when the modes of presentation and reproduction were different.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1974

The relationship between observing behavior and food-key response rates under mixed and multiple schedules of reinforcement.

Pigeons were trained under an observing response procedure in which pecks on one key (food key) were reinforced under a mixed fixed-interval 30-sec extinction schedule. A response on a second (observing) key replaced the mixed-schedule stimulus with either of two multiple-schedule stimuli (red and green keylights) for 5 sec. Observing response rates were positively correlated with food-key response rates in the presence of multiple-schedule stimuli and inversely related to food-key response rates in the presence of mixed-schedule stimuli. These results suggest that observing response output is controlled not only by the stimuli produced by observing responses but also by the stimuli in the presence of which observing responses occur. The possibility that observing responses alter the probability of reinforcement is advanced.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1972

The Wyckoff observing response-a reappraisal.

Pigeons were trained on a Wyckoff observing response procedure in which key responses were reinforced on a mixed schedule consisting of fixed-interval and extinction components. In Experiment 1, stepping on a pedal (a) converted the mixed schedule to a multiple schedule, (b) replaced the mixed-schedule stimulus with an unlit key (or, in different phases, a blackout), or (c) had no consequence. In Experiment 2, pedal standing removed the mixed-schedule stimulus that was physically similar to the multiple-schedule stimuli or one that was less similar. In Experiment 3, Wyckoff's differential and nondifferential discrimination procedure was repeated. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 showed that the Wyckoff pedal response was controlled by neither the removal of the mixed-schedule stimulus nor the production of discriminative stimuli. The results indicated a correlation between key-response rates and pedal-standing time. Experiment 3 showed that high response rates to mixed-schedule stimuli were correlated with little pedal-standing time while high key-response rates to multiple-schedule stimuli were correlated with considerable pedal standing time. The correlation between key-response rates and pedal-standing time was related to the physical arrangement between the key and pedal operanda.

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