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Biomedical subjects

T T Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to T T Jackson.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Do the DSM decision trees improve diagnostic ability?

Experiment 1 examined whether the use of the DSM-III-R decision trees increased the accuracy of DSM-III-R diagnoses. Results indicated that the use of the decision trees interacted with the level of DSM-III-R experience to affect diagnostic accuracy. The use of the decision trees resulted in a modest increase in diagnostic accuracy for participants with less DSM-III-R experience; for participants with more DSM-III-R experience, the use of the decision trees had no significant effect on diagnostic accuracy. Experiment 2 examined whether the use of the DSM-III-R decision trees increased the accuracy and confidence and decreased the time of DSM-IlI-R diagnosis across participants with varying levels of DSM-III-R experience. The primary analyses consisted of a 3 x 2 x 2-multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to determine whether the use of the decision trees increased diagnostic accuracy and diagnostic confidence and decreased diagnostic time. Results indicated (1) the experienced participants made more accurate diagnoses than the less-experienced and no-experience participants: (2) the decision trees, combined with practice, increased class diagnostic accuracy and decreased diagnostic time; and (3) participants were more confident in their diagnosis when they used the decision trees than when they did not use the decision trees. Supplementary analyses consisted of two one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures and indicated that participants' preference for and knowledge of how to use the decision trees did not significantly affect their diagnostic accuracy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Helping behavior of females: effects of stress and commonality of fate.

In a design replication of Dovidio and Morris' study, the effects of stress and commonality of fate on helping behavior were examined. Ss were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: high stress/common fate (n = 15), high stress/dissimilar fate (n = 15), or low stress/common fate (n = 15), or low stress/dissimilar fate (n = 15). While the initial study involved male Ss, the present study involved females in order to assess the generality of the original findings. Other aspects of the original experiment were repeated as closely as possible. Consistent with the original study, a significant interaction was found, indicating that Ss were more helpful under conditions of high stress and common fate. Results also revealed a greater overall amount of helping behavior than that found by Dovidio and Morris.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Selective perception squared: a reply to Kuethe.

In a rejoinder, Kuethe (1980) criticized an article by Jackson and Klopfer (1977) which found no differences in the replacement accuracy of human and non-human figures on the Felt Figure Replacement Technique. The present reply gives primarily an analysis of those studies suggested by Kuethe as supporting his position and shows weak or non-existence support. This reply also examines the supposed ignoring of ordinal data patterns and finds no support for such criticism. The sensory-perceptual explanation supported by Jackson and Klopfer (1977) and others remains a viable alternative to the social-perceptual explanation provided by Kuethe.

Discrimination Learning↗
PubMed1978

Social cues, cognitive style, error magnitude, and male performance on the Felt Figure Replacement Technique.

A series of studies was undertaken to determine possible factors contributing to low predictive utility for Felt Figure Replacement Technique (FFRT) scores from normal, adult males. It was first postulated that normal adult males, compared to normal adult females, are less sensitive to social cues present in the FFRT task. Twenty-six undergraduate males and the same number of undergraduate females were asked to replace both a) department store manikins, thought to be less abstract, and then b) felt figures. While task differences were obtained, these were not dependent on gender, nor did any overall gender differences occur for three types of replacement error. The second study involved 31 college males and 33 college females replacing both felt figures and a male and female confederate. It was assumed that differential attention to social cues would be more visible in this comparison. The general results were identical to the first study.

Cognition↗
PubMed1977

Effect of birth order and perceived stress on social schemata.

This experiment used the Felt Figure Technique developed by Kuethe in an attempt to investigate the relationship between birth order and the use of specific social schemata. Seven object sets were used, three two-figure sets and four three-figure sets. The results indicated that for the two-figure sets, firstborn individuals placed the figures closer together than laterborn individuals. For the three-figure sets, firstborn individuals under stress placed the figures closer together. The three-figure sets were also ordered in terms of the number of human figures in the object set. The results suggest that there is a measurable relationship between birth order and social schemata used by an individual.

Birth Order↗