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T T Tchen

Publications and source records attributed to T T Tchen.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Studies on the adrenal cortex of hypophysectomized rats: a model for abnormal cellular atrophy and death.

Biochemical and ultrastructural studies indicate that the atrophy of adrenal cortex in hypoyhysectomized rats involves the following changes: (1) One to two days after hypophysectomy, there is loss of "template activity" resulting from cumulative DNA-damage and heterochromatinization. In vivo ACTH-administration led to recuperation of these cells, indicating damage during hypophysectomized state to be reversible. (2) If the duration of hypophysectomy is prolonged, some of the cells become irreversibly damaged and can no longer recuperate after in vivo ACTH administration. (3) The period of most rapid cell death is from the third to seventh day after hypophysectomy. The cause of cell death is probably due to membrane damage in the absence of protein synthesis, leading to lysis of the cells. Lysozomes and macrophages are apparently not involved.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1976

Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, morphogenetic movements and embryonic neural differentiation in Pleurodeles waltlii.

Evidence is presented for the following hypothesis dealing with dibutyryl-c-AMP induction of neural differentiation in Pleurodeles waltlii embryos: (1) Dibutyryl-c-AMP induces the determination for neural differentiation. (2) Additional dibutyryl-c-AMP is not needed for cytodifferentiation. (3) Cytodifferentiation of induced cells can only take place after morphogenetic movements (in vivo) or extensive cell migrations (in vitro). It is suggested that cell migrations, both in vivo and in vitro, lead to the separation of the induced cells from one another or from unidentified inhibitory cells.

Amphibians↗
PubMed1976

Hormone-induced dispersion or aggregation of carotenoid-containing smooth endoplasmic reticulum in cultured xanthophores from the goldfish, Carrassius auratus L.

A novel organelle movement is described in goldfish xanthophores. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, containing carotenoids pigments, undergo MSH or c-AMP-induced dispersion. This dispersion is independent of RNA and protein synthesis, not modulated by c-GMP and inhibited by cytochalasin B but only at the relatively high concentration of 10 mug/ml. Epinephrine induces aggregation, a process that is inhibited by colchicine. These results suggest, but do not prove, the involvement of microfilaments in dispersion and microtubules in the aggregation of carotenoid-containing endoplasmic reticulum.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1976

Purification and properties of a four iron-four sulfur protein from a Pseudomonas species.

We have isolated an iron-sulfur proteins from a Pseudomonas species grown on glucose. This protein has different properties from the two known iron-sulfur proteins isolated from other Pseudomonas species: rubredoxin and putidaredoxin. The iron-sulfur protein was purified to homogeneity by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. The absorption spectrum of the oxidized iron-sulfur protein shows a peak at 283 nm with shoulders at about 290, 320, and 410 nm. The protein contains 4 g atoms of iron and 4 moles of labile sulfur per mole of protein, and has a molecular weight of approximately 14,000. The amino acid composition of the protein shows a predominance of acidic amino acids. The Pseudomonas protein was found to be active for both photosynthetic nicotinamide nucleotide reduction by chloroplasts and cytochrome c reduction by spinach ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase [EC 1.6.7.1]. On the basis of these results, this protein appears to be unique among all known ferredoxins. From an evolutionary point of view, it appears to be more closely related to Azotobacter ferredoxin than to Desulfovibrio ferredoxin.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

Induction of neural differentiation in cultures of amphibian undetermined presumptive epidermis by cyclic AMP derivatives.

Induction of neural differentiation in cultures of undetermined presumptive epidermis from three amphibian species was achieved by the addition of 1 millimolar dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, 8-bromadenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, or adenosine C',E'-monophosphate together with theophylline. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate, adenosine 2',3'-monophosphate, dibutyryl guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate, and butyrate at 1 millimolar are ineffective. These results suggest that the action of the primary inductor or inductors may be mediated via adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate.

Amphibians↗
PubMed1975

The activation of adrenal cortex mitochondrial malic enzyme by Ca2+ and Mg2+.

Adrenal cortex mitochondria prepared by a standard method do not exhibit malic enzyme activity. Addition of physiological concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ enables these mitochondria to reduce added NADP+ by malate to form free NADPH. Half-maximum activation of the mitochondrial malic enzyme requires 0.3 mM Ca2+ and 1 mM Mg2+. Solubilized mitochondrial malic enzymes is independent of Ca2+ and has a K M of 0.2 mM for Mg2+. The Ca2+ effect is dependent on an initial period of active Ca2+ uptake which also causes other changes in respiratory properties similar to those observed with mitochondria from other tissues. After Ca2+ accumulation has taken place, free Ca2+, but not additional accumulation, is still required for malic enzyme activity. The requirement for Mg2+ can be met by Mn2+ (1 mM). This concentration of Mn2+ alone yielded only a slight activation of mitochondrial malic enzyme while higher concentrations of Mn2+ alone gave good activation of the mitochondrial malic enzy.e The NADPH generated by the Ca2+-Mg2+ activated malic enzyme effectively supports the 11beta-hydroxylation of deoxycorticosterone, whereas in the presence of malate, or malate plus Mg2+ but absence of Ca2+, the energy linked transhydrogenase supplies all the required NADPH. The activated malic enzyme appears to be more efficient than transhydrogenase in generating NADPH to support 11beta-hydroxylation. Cyanide and azide have been found to inhibit solubilized mitochondrial malic enzyme.

Adrenal Cortex↗