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Biomedical subjects

T Takasu

Publications and source records attributed to T Takasu.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Blood flow differences between leuko-araiosis with and without lacunar infarction.

BACKGROUND: The present study was designed to find the differences in regional cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular acetazolamide reactivity between leuko-araiosis with and without lacunar infarction. METHODS: Fifteen cases of leuko-araiosis with lacunar infarction, 15 cases of leuko-araiosis without lacunar infarction and 15 age-matched controls in which leuko-araiosis and cerebrovascular diseases are absent (control group) were studied. The regional cerebral blood flow was measured using the stable xenon computed tomography method before and 20 minutes after intravenous injection of 17 mg/kg acetazolamide. RESULTS: The blood flows in the leuko-araiosis area and the lacunar area were significantly lower than the blood flow in the cerebral white matter. The blood flows in the cerebral cortex and the cerebral white matter were significantly lower in the leuko-araiosis with lacunar infarction group than in the leuko-araiosis without lacunar infarction group and the control group. The cerebrovascular acetazolamide reactivity in the leuko-araiosis area and the lacunar area was significantly lower than that in the cerebral white matter. The cerebrovascular acetazolamide reactivity in the cerebral cortex and the cerebral white matter was significantly lower in the leuko-araiosis with lacunar infarction group than in the leuko-araiosis without lacunar infarction group and the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of arteriolosclerosis is considered to be more severe and the rate of association of hypertension was higher in leuko-araiosis with lacunar infarction than in leuko-araiosis without lacunar infarction.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1998

Effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine in Alzheimer disease.

Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on dementia, P300, cerebral blood flow, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination were investigated. Ten patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) who agreed to take traditional Chinese medicine were studied. The traditional Chinese medicine was given for 3 months and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), P300 examination, cerebral blood flow examination, and CSF examination were performed before and after taking the traditional Chinese medicine. The scores of the MMSE, the P300 latency, and blood flow in the cerebral cortex in AD improved with treatment with the traditional Chinese medicine. The concentration of alpha-aminobutyric acid in the CSF decreased with treatment with the traditional Chinese medicine. The improvement is considered to be not a placebo effect. Key Words: T

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Correlations between P300 components and neurotransmitters in the cerebrospinal fluid.

P300 and cerebrospinal fluid neurotransmitter metabolites and amino acids were examined in 10 patients with Alzheimer's disease, 9 patients with vascular dementia and 10 healthy controls. A negative correlation between P300 amplitude and MHPG concentration, negative correlation between P200 and N200 latencies and norepinephrine concentration, positive correlation between N200 latency and lysine concentration and positive correlation between N100 amplitude and tyrosine concentration were statistically significant. These findings suggest that the noradrenergic system influences P300 amplitude, and that multiple systems may influence P300 components.

3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethanol↗
PubMed1998

Improvement of P300 latency by treatment in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

P300 event-related potentials were investigated in 24 cases of non-insulin-dependent (Type II) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) without apparent central nervous system (CNS) symptoms and without cerebrovascular diseases on head magnetic resonance imaging, and in 16 age-matched healthy control subjects. N200 and P300 latencies were significantly prolonged and N200 and P300 amplitudes were significantly smaller in the NIDDM group than in the healthy control group. P300 latency was significantly shorter after the treatment than before. N200 and P300 waves have been recognized as useful indicators of cognitive function. The present study suggests that cognitive function is impaired in NIDDM patients and may improve with treatment of hyperglycemia.

Cognition↗
PubMed1998

[Myopathy with cerebral white matter abnormality--a case report].

A 45-year-old man noticed mild numbness of the feet at the age of 40 years and difficulty in standing up from squatting position at 43 years. His birth and developmental milestones were normal and the family history was unremarkable. He was alert and intelligent with global IQ of 91. There was mild muscle weakness as well as atrophy in bilateral hips and thighs. The serum creatine kinase level was 542 U/l. On computed tomography, the hamstrings were preferentially involved. The biopsied specimens from the right quadriceps femoris and peroneal muscles showed myogenic changes with evidence of necrotic and regenerating process. Dystrophin, dystrophin-associated glycoproteins and merosin were normally expressed. From the clinical and pathologic findings, he was diagnosed as having myopathy. The electroencephalogram was normal but the P300 latency was prolonged. T2-weighted head magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse high intensity in the cerebral white matter. Myopathy with cerebral white matter abnormality in adult patients has not yet been reported. Asymptomatic cerebral white matter abnormality should be considered in adult patients with myopathy.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1998

[A case of chronic inorganic mercury poisoning with progressive intentional tremor and remarkably prolonged latency of P300].

A 59-year-old man showed slowly progressive intentional tremor for 40 years prior to first visit to us in 1996. He was exposed to mercury vapor for about 3 years (1956-1959) and the diagnosis of chronic inorganic mercury poisoning was made. Hasegawa dementia scale-revised (HDS-R), mini-mental state (MMS) examination and P300 examination were performed. HDS-R and MMS were within normal range but the latency of P300 was remarkably prolonged. His tremor was considered to be due to chronic inorganic poisoning because there were no other causes and the frequency of his tremor was 3-4 Hz. which was lower than that in essential tremor. The prolonged P300 latency was also considered to be due to the same cause because there were no other causes and the head MRI were normal. Chronic inorganic mercury poisoning has been reported to produce organic changes in the brain and P300 is considered to be useful to detect these changes.

Brain↗
PubMed1998

Changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic function in alcoholic neuropathy.

We examined sympathetic and parasympathetic function in 17 chronic alcoholics. The subjects were divided into 4 groups; (1) alcoholics without neurologic deficits, (2) alcoholics with mild neuropathy, (3) alcoholics with prominent neuropathy, (4) patients with alcoholic neuropathy but long abstinence. We measured pulsatile arterial pressure (AP) noninvasively and heart rate (HR) was calculated from the AP signals. The sweat response on the palm and sole were measured by ventilated capsular method, while the cutaneous blood flow response by laser Doppler flowmetry. The AP, HR, sweating and cutaneous blood flow response to the Valsalva maneuver were evaluated. In alcoholics with minimal and prominent neuropathy, a pressor (overshooting) in phase IV of the Valsalva maneuver were decreased significantly. The HR response (reflex bradycardia) in phase IV of the Valsalva maneuver was significantly decreased only in alcoholics with prominent neuropathy. The alcoholics with no or minimal neuropathy showed exaggerated sweat responses on the palm and sole. In prominent alcoholic neuropathy, the sweat response was greater on the palm, but diminished on the sole. In no or minimal neuropathy, magnitude of the blood flow response was markedly reduced on both sites. The low resting blood flow levels may contribute to the diminished response. We also evaluated pupillary light reflex and response to methacholine in 7 alcoholics with neuropathy by a portable infrared pupillometer system that can be used with personal computers. Maximum constriction velocity of the pupillary light reflex in patients with alcoholic neuropathy was slower than that in the controls. Reflex amplitude was smaller in the alcoholics than that in the control. However, local administration of methacholine did not change pupillary size and light reflex in the alcoholics same as the controls. The data suggest that preceding sympathetic hyperfunction related with distressed autonomic center is existing with sympathetic hypofunction involved from the sympathetic fibers, target organs and higher center.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Correlation between event-related potentials and regional cerebral blood flow in chronic alcoholism].

We report a correlation between P300 and cerebral blood flow in 11 patients with chronic moderate alcoholism. The patients had been drinking more than 83 ml pure alcohol equivalent everyday for more than 10 years and did not have any other neurological diseases. The P300 latency was significantly longer in the chronic alcoholism group than in the age-matched healthy control group. There was a significant negative correlation between the P300 latency and the thalamus blood flow in the chronic alcoholism group. These findings suggest that there is a subclinical disturbance of cognitive function in chronic alcoholism and that the prolongation of P300 latency is related to the decrease in thalamus blood flow in chronic alcoholism.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Chronic Cryptococcal meningitis with CSF oligoclonal IgG band in a patient with Claude syndrome].

We described a 61-year-old man who was diagnosed as having chronic cryptococcal meningitis, while he was hospitalized with Claude syndrome. The patient was admitted because of acute onset of gait disturbance. He had a tendency to fall down to his left side since he awoke in the morning of August 12, 1995. On admission, he was mentally alert, showing a right oculomotor nerve palsy, gaze-evoked horizontal nystagmus in the left eye on the left lateral gaze, and incoordination of the left upper and lower extremities. In addition, he fell to the left side on standing up with feet together and with eyes closed. He had mild wild-based gait with a tendency to fall down to the left on tandem gait. Babinski sign was present on the left side. He did not have fever, nor meningeal signs, nor sensory abnormalities. X-ray films of the chest showed multiple nodular shadows consistent with pneumoconiosis. Cranial X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a small lesion in the paramedian area of the midbrain on the right, consistent with an infarct. Cerebral arteriography revealed a stenosis in the proximal portion of the right posterior cerebral artery. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed a moderate mononuclear cell predominant pleocytosis, a moderate elevation of total protein, slightly reduced glucose values. Although the culture and India ink preparation of CSF were negative for cryptococcus in repeated studies, its antigen was positive both in the serum and CSF. In addition, the CSF showed an oligoclonal IgG band which was predominantly K type. After the antigen of Cryptococcus neoformans was added to the CSF in vitro, the oligoclonal IgG band was absorbed completely. The patient was treated with fluconazole (FLCZ), which did not cause any improvement of the CSF abnormalities, so that FLCZ was replaced by 5-flucytosine (5-FC). Since the CSF abnormalities moderately improved with 5-FC, he was discharged on December 21, 1995. After the 5-FC was discontinued, the CSF results slowly worsened over several months without any signs and symptoms of meningitis. He was hospitalized again on October 28, 1996 for treatment with both 5-FC and amphotericin B. Although the CSF abnormalities improved markedly, the meningitis was not cured. After he was discharged on February 1, 1997, he was treated with both 5-FC and FLCZ. Although his CSF abnormalities worsened mildly, he remained afebrile without meningeal signs and symptoms and led an ordinary life. In our patient it remained undetermined whether the Claude syndrome was caused by arteriosclerotic infarction, or vasculitis due to cryptococcal meningitis, or both. Asymptomatic chronic cryptococcal meningitis as observed in our patients is unusual. In addition, this is the second case after Porter et al (1977) that the oligoclonal IgG band in CSF proved to be related to cryptococcal infection.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1997

Detection of latent varicella-zoster virus infection in human vestibular and spiral ganglia.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) becomes latent in the sensory ganglia after primary infection and VZV DNA has been found in human trigeminal, thoracic, and geniculate ganglia. In this study, human vestibular and spiral ganglia, which do not received innervation from the skin, were examined for VZV DNA using the polymerase chain reaction. VZV DNA was detected in 2 of 10 (20%) vestibular ganglia and in 2 of 10 (20%) spiral ganglia from five adults. VZV DNA was undetectable in either type of ganglion from a newborn and from two of the five adults. These two adults were VZV seronegative. The results indicate that VZV becomes latent in several types of sensory ganglion after primary infection and suggest the possibility that reactivation of the virus from the vestibular and spiral ganglia may cause disorders in the labyrinth.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Difference in P300 latency in two types of leukoaraiosis.

P300 examination was performed in patients with periventricular leukoaraiosis and in patients with leukoaraiosis in the centrum semiovale. Ten patients with periventricular leukoaraiosis, ten patients with leukoaraiosis in centrum semiovale and ten age-matched controls without leukoaraiosis were studied. The P300 was measured with an evoked potential recorder using an oddball paradigm. The mini-mental state examination score was significantly lower and the P300 latency was significantly longer in the leukoaraiosis in the centrum semiovale group than in the periventricular leukoaraiosis group and the control group. Leukoaraiosis in centrum semiovale may be related to dementia and the prolongation of P300 latency.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular response to acetazolamide in patients with chronic alcoholism.

Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular response to acetazolamide were studied in 12 patients with chronic alcoholism and 12 age matched healthy controls. Blood flows in the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and putamen were significantly lower in the chronic alcoholic group than in the healthy control group. The increase in blood flow caused by acetazolamide did not show any significant difference between the two groups. These findings suggest that the decreased cerebral blood flow in chronic alcoholism is due to decreased cerebral metabolism.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1997

Cerebral blood flow in single and multiple lacunar infarctions.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Single and multiple lacunar infarctions may have some difference in underlying diseases and cerebral blood flows. To determine the difference, we investigated underlying diseases and cerebral blood flows in single and multiple lacunar infarctions. METHODS: Fifteen cases of lacunar infarction, 10 cases of multiple lacunar infarctions, and 16 control subjects were studied. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured within 14 days after stroke onset with the stable xenon CT method. RESULTS: The rate of association of diabetes mellitus was higher in the multiple lacunar infarctions group than in the single lacunar infarction group. The blood flow in the cerebral cortex was significantly lower in the multiple lacunar infarctions group than in the single lacunar infarction group. The blood flow change by acetazolamide in the cerebral cortex was significantly lower in the multiple lacunar infarctions group than in the single lacunar infarction group. CONCLUSIONS: There is some difference in underlying diseases and cerebral blood flows between single and multiple lacunar infarctions.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1997

Reduction of inner ear inflammation by treatment with anti-ICAM-1 antibody.

The in vivo effect of systemic administration of monoclonal antibody (mAb) against ICAM-1 (alphaICAM-1) in experimental immune-mediated labyrinthitis was evaluated. The alphaICAM-1-treated rats showed reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the scala tympani and the perisaccular tissue of the endolymphatic sac. However, with this experimental paradigm, labyrinthitis could not be completely abolished. These findings suggest that ICAM-1-dependent pathways play an important role in the series of immunologic events occurring in the inner ear, and that the use of ICAM-1 antagonist may be a possible therapeutic approach to labyrinthitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Movement-related cortical potentials and contingent negative variation in olivopontocerebellar atrophy.

Movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) and contingent negative variation (CNV) were recorded in 8 cases of olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) and 8 age-matched healthy controls. The amplitude of the negative slope (NS') was smaller in the OPCA group than in the healthy control group. The amplitude of late CNV was smaller in OPCA group than in the healthy control group. These abnormalities in MRCPs and CNV were improved by intravenous infusion of thyrotropin releasing hormone.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Dysphasia accompanied by periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges.

We encountered a 67-year-old man who presented with repetitious dysphasia accompanied by periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) on the electroencephalogram. A good correlation was established between the dysphasia and the PLEDs. A persistent partial seizure accompanied by PLEDs originating in the left hemisphere presented with dysphasia clinically. None of the previously reported patients with epileptic dysphasia had accompanying PLEDs. The administration of carbamazepine was successful to terminate the seizure, however valproate was not. This case indicates that PLEDs may produce significant, however reversible, functional damage, and may advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of epileptic dysphasia.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

P300 and cerebral blood flow before and after TRH in olivopontocerebellar atrophy.

Ten cases of olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) (mean age 56 +/- 9 years) and 8 healthy controls (mean age 58 +/- 9 years) were studied. The P300 was measured with a Synax 1100 evoked potential recorder and the regional cerebral blood flow was measured using the stable xenon computed tomography method. The P300 latency was significantly longer in the OPCA group than in the healthy control group. The P300 latency after the intravenous infusion of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in the OPCA group was significantly shorter than that before the intravenous infusion of TRH. The blood flows in all the measured areas (the cerebellar cortex, the cerebellar white matter, the brainstem, the thalamus, the basal ganglia, the frontal lobe cortex and the frontal lobe white matter) were significantly lower in the OPCA group than in the healthy control group. The blood flows in the cerebellar cortex and in the frontal lobe cortex after the intravenous infusion of TRH were significantly higher than those before the intravenous infusion of TRH. The prolongation of P300 latency in the OPCA group suggests that subclinical disturbance in recognition function is present in OPCA and may be related to the blood flow decrease outside the cerebellum.

Aged↗