Biomedical subjects

T Takata

Publications and source records attributed to T Takata.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Periostin is frequently overexpressed and enhances invasion and angiogenesis in oral cancer.

Oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common types of human cancer. Typically OSCC cells show persistent invasion that frequently leads to local recurrence and distant lymphatic metastasis. We previously identified Periostin as the gene demonstrating the highest fold change expression in the invasive clone by comparing the transcriptional profile of parent OSCC cell line and a highly invasive clone. Here, we demonstrated that Periostin overexpression enhanced invasiveness in oral cancer cell lines. To know the role of Periostin in invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis in OSCC cases, we first examined the expression of Periostin mRNA in 31 OSCC cases by RT-PCR and Periostin protein in 74 OSCC cases by immunohistochemistry. Then, we compared the Periostin expression with invasion pattern, metastasis and blood vessel density. Periostin mRNA and protein overexpression were frequently found in OSCC cases and Periostin expression was well correlated with the invasion pattern and metastasis. Moreover, blood vessel density of Periostin-positive cases was higher than those of Periostin-negative cases. Interestingly, recombinant Periostin enhanced capillary formation in vitro in a concentration-dependant manner. In summary, these findings suggest that Periostin may promote invasion and angiogenesis in OSCC, and that Periostin can be a strong marker for prediction of metastasis in oral cancer patients.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed2006

An optical spectrum of the afterglow of a gamma-ray burst at a redshift of z = 6.295.

The prompt gamma-ray emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) should be detectable out to distances of z > 10 (ref. 1), and should therefore provide an excellent probe of the evolution of cosmic star formation, reionization of the intergalactic medium, and the metal enrichment history of the Universe. Hitherto, the highest measured redshift for a GRB has been z = 4.50 (ref. 5). Here we report the optical spectrum of the afterglow of GRB 050904 obtained 3.4 days after the burst; the spectrum shows a clear continuum at the long-wavelength end of the spectrum with a sharp cut-off at around 9,000 A due to Lyman alpha absorption at z approximately 6.3 (with a damping wing). A system of absorption lines of heavy elements at z = 6.295 +/- 0.002 was also detected, yielding the precise measurement of the redshift. The Si ii fine-structure lines suggest a dense, metal-enriched environment around the progenitor of the GRB.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2006

Regression of papular elastolytic giant cell granuloma using narrow-band UVB irradiation.

A 71-year-old Japanese man presented with asymptomatic, firm, brown-red papules on the dorsum of his left hand and back. A biopsy specimen revealed granulomatous infiltration consisting of multinucleated giant cells and histiocytes in the upper dermis. Elastic fibers were absent in the upper dermis, having been phagocytosed by giant cells. These papular elastolytic giant cell granuloma lesions regressed very well with narrow-band ul traviolet B irradiation, with only residual brown pigmentation left after treatment.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Effects of endogenous and exogenous prostaglandin E2 on the proliferation and differentiation of a mouse cementoblast cell line (OCCM-30).

BACKGROUND: Cementum formation is considered to be a critical event for successful regeneration of periodontal tissues. Cementoblasts share many characteristics with osteoblasts. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is an important local factor in bone metabolism. Although the effects of PGE(2) on osteoblasts are well known, its effects on cementoblasts have not yet been established. We examined the effects of PGE(2) on proliferation and differentiation in a mouse cementoblast cell line, OCCM-30 cells. METHODS: OCCM-30 cells were treated with three concentrations of PGE(2) (10, 100, and 1,000 ng/ml). Cell number, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and expression for mineralization-related genes were determined. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) ligand (RANKL) expression were also examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The addition of PGE(2) at the highest dose used in this study suppressed cell proliferation of OCCM-30 cells. The expression of mineralization-related marker mRNA, such as type 1 collagen, ALP, bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OCN), was constitutively detected in OCCM-30 cells. PGE(2) dose dependently stimulated ALP activity and BSP-mRNA expression in OCCM-30 cells at day 3. Transcripts for OPG and RANKL and the protein level of OPG in culture media were upregulated with PGE(2) stimulation. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that PGE(2) suppressed cementoblast proliferation but stimulated ALP activity and the BSP-mRNA level, suggesting a role of PGE(2) in controlling cementoblast differentiation, and further indicate that PGE(2) modulates RANKL and OPG expression in cementoblasts; the increase of OPG secreted from cementoblasts with PGE(2) stimulation may be essential to protect the root surface from resorption.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed2005

Novel excitatory neuropeptides isolated from a prosobranch gastropod, Thais clavigera: The molluscan counterpart of the annelidan GGNG peptides.

The GGNG peptides are excitatory neuropeptides identified from earthworms, leeches and polychaeta. Two structurally related peptides were purified and characterized from a mollusk, Thais clavigera (prosobranch gastropod). The peptides designated as Thais excitatory peptide-1 (TEP-1) (KCSGKWAIHACWGGN-NH2) and TEP-2 (KCYGKWAMHACWGGN-NH2) are pentadecapeptides having one disulfide bond and C-terminal GGN-NH2 structures, which are shared by most GGNG peptides. TEP augmented the motilities of Thais esophagus and penial complex. TEP-like immunoreactivity is distributed in both the neurons of the central nervous system and nerve endings in the penial complex. Thus, the involvement of TEP in the contraction of the digestive and reproductive systems is suggested. Substitution of amino acids in TEP revealed that two tryptophan residues in TEP are important for maintaining bioactivity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2005

Characteristics of periodontal ligament subpopulations obtained by sequential enzymatic digestion of rat molar periodontal ligament.

Periodontal ligament (PDL) consists of different cell populations in various differentiation stages. In the present study, we isolated cell populations from rat molar PDL by sequential enzymatic digestion and characterized growth potential and mineralization activity of the PDL subpopulations (PDL-SP) to throw light on the mechanism of PDL remodeling and, in its turn, periodontal tissue regeneration. PDL attached to extracted rat molars was digested 2 mg/ml collagenase and 0.25% trypsin at 37 degrees C for 30 min. Then four consecutive digestions were performed for 20 min each in a fresh digestive solution. The solutions were centrifuged to collect released cells and 5 PDL subpopulations (30M-, 50M-, 70M-, 90M-and 110M-PDL-SP) were obtained. Light microscopic observation showed that about a half of PDL in width attached on the root surface of extracted teeth and 30M-PDL-SP was considered to contain cells mainly from middle portion of PDL. Scanning electron microscopic examination indicated that 110M-PDL-SP was enriched by root lining cementoblastic cells. 30M-PDL-SP showed a high level of proliferative activity. Although the growth potential of a subpopulation decreased in PDL-SP toward the root surface, 110M-PDL-SP had a high proliferative activity equivalent to that of 30M-PDL-SP. Analyses of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and mineralization activities showed that higher activities in PDL-SP toward the surface of roots and that 110M-PDL-SP had the highest activity of ALP and the largest number of mineralization nodules. The present study shows as supposed by previous studies on cell kinetics in PDL that subpopulations with larger growth potential were generally located in the middle portion of PDL and those with higher mineralization activities toward the surface of the roots. It is suggested, however, that a possible pathway of PDL cell turnover may exist within the PDL-SP on the root surface in addition to the generally recognized pathway from the middle area of PDL to root surface.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed2004

Immuno-localization of COX-1 and COX-2 in the rat molar periodontal tissue after topical application of lipopolysaccharide.

Up-regulation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in the periodontal tissue is considered to be important for periodontal tissue destruction. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the dynamic changes of immuno-localization of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in rat periodontal tissue after topical application of lipopolysaccharide (LPS: 5 mg/ml in physiological saline) from Escherichia coli into the rat molar gingival sulcus. In the normal periodontal tissue, small numbers of junctional epithelium (JE) cells and numerous osteocytes embedded in alveolar bone constitutively expressed COX-1. The COX-1 expression was not effected by LPS application. JE cells, especially in the coronal portion of JE also expressed COX-2. LPS application induced the JE cells with consequent transient expression of COX-2 with a peak at day 1. These findings suggest that JE cells may play a critical role in first defense line against LPS challenge and PGE2 from JE cells may be responsible for the initiation of periodontal inflammation. In the deep periodontal tissue, cementoblasts and osteoblasts showed constitutive expression of COX-2, which may be induced by continuous cyclic tension force due to occlusal pressure. LPS application caused a transient up-regulation of COX-2 expression in periodontal ligament fibroblasts, cementoblasts and osteoblasts. It is suggested that the inducible production of PGE2 via COX-2 by these cells may be associated with connective tissue destruction and alveolar bone resorption.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed2004

The inflammatory paradental cyst: a critical review of 342 cases from a literature survey, including 17 new cases from the author's files.

BACKGROUND: A total of 325 cases of inflammatory paradental cysts (IPCs) and 17 own cases were reviewed. Although known since 1930, the IPC is still unrecognized by many clinicians. The IPCs show a relative frequency of 0.9-4.7%. The majority of cysts occur distally or distobuccally to vital, permanent mandibular molars with a history of pericoronitis (IPC/3rd mandibular molar alone accounts for 64.9%). Radiologically, the cyst appears as a well-defined, semilunar unilocular radiolucency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cases of inflammatory paradental cysts and related lesions were retrieved from a worldwide literature survey. In addition, 17 new cases from the files of the authors have been added. RESULTS: The mean ages for patients with IPC/1st, 2nd and 3rd mandibular molars are 8.7, 17.4 and 27.6 years, respectively. The male:female ratio was 1 : 0.9 for IPC/1st and 2nd mandibular molars, and 1 : 0.4 for 3rd mandibular molar. CONCLUSION: Reduced enamel epithelium, cell rests of Malassez and remnants of the dental lamina stimulated by inflammation are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of IPC. Histological features are indistinguishable from those of the inflammatory, periapical (radicular) cyst.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Expression of enamel proteins and LEF1 in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma: evidence for its odontogenic epithelial differentiation.

AIMS: Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) resembles histologically some odontogenic tumours, such as ameloblastoma and calcifying odontogenic cyst. However, there has been no evidence that ACP differentiates also functionally as odontogenic epithelium. The aim of this study was to gain evidence of odontogenic epithelial differentiation in ACP by means of immunohistochemistry. Among normal human tissues, enamel proteins are expressed exclusively in teeth, and lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1), in co-operation with beta-catenin, play an important role in tooth development. The expression of these proteins is therefore indicative of odontogenic epithelial differentiation. METHODS AND RESULTS: The expression of enamel proteins and LEF1 was examined in 10 adamantinomatous and six papillary craniopharyngiomas. All the ACPs showed a variable degree of enamel protein expression, including amelogenin, enamelin and enamelysin, mainly in ghost cells. LEF1 was also heterogeneously expressed in ACPs; remarkably, its expression pattern was identical to that of nuclear beta-catenin accumulation. In contrast, none of the papillary craniopharyngiomas expressed enamel proteins or LEF1. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ACP consistently shows odontogenic epithelial differentiation. Since ACPs harbour beta-catenin mutation, the inappropriate activation of beta-catenin/LEF1 complex-dependent transcription may play a critical role in ACP tumorigenesis.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

The frictional coefficient of the temporomandibular joint and its dependency on the magnitude and duration of joint loading.

In synovial joints, friction between articular surfaces leads to shear stress within the cartilaginous tissue, which might result in tissue rupture and failure. Joint friction depends on synovial lubrication of the articular surfaces, which can be altered due to compressive loading. Therefore, we hypothesized that the frictional coefficient of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is affected by the magnitude and duration of loading. We tested this by measuring the frictional coefficient in 20 intact porcine TMJs using a pendulum-type friction tester. The mean frictional coefficient was 0.0145 (SD 0.0027) after a constant loading of 50 N during 5 sec. The frictional coefficient increased with the length of the preceding loading duration and exceeded 0.0220 (SD 0.0014) after 1 hr. Application of larger loading (80 N) resulted in significantly larger frictional coefficients. In conclusion, the frictional coefficient in the TMJ was proportional to the magnitude and duration of joint loading.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2003

Comparison of post-translational modifications of alpha A-crystallin from normal and hereditary cataract rats.

In order to investigate the relationship between lens opacities and the various modifications of lens proteins, we analyzed and compared the properties of lens proteins of 85-day old normal Wistar rats and the hereditary cataract model, ICR/f rats. The present study identified many differences between normal and mutant lens proteins. In the ICR/f mutant rats, the relative amounts of gamma-crystallin decreased and high molecular weight (HMW) protein increased. Racemization and isomerization of Asp-151 of alpha A-crystallin was observed in the mutant ICR/f rats, and Met-1 of alpha A-crystallin was oxidized to methionine sulfoxide. These modifications were not found in the age-matched normal rats. These tendencies are consistent with aged and cataractous human lenses.

Aging↗

PubMed2003

Benefit of IVIG for long-standing ataxic sensory neuronopathy with Sjögren's syndrome. IV immunoglobulin.

Ataxic sensory neuronopathy with Sjögren's syndrome is a devastating neurologic complication for which there is no established treatment. IV immunoglobulin (IVIG) was given to five patients with severe disabilities for an average of 12 years. Four patients showed remarkable improvement, two of whom responded after the first course. The authors conclude that IVIG is safe and effective to treat even chronically debilitated patients who have the disease, presumably because it ameliorates smoldering inflammation.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Inhibition of CD44v9 upregulates the invasion ability of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

The aim of the present study has been to determine the role of CD44v9 in the metastatic process of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We have examined the expression intensity of CD44v9 in four OSCC cell lines, and using cell culture insert investigated the invasion ability of the cells expressing CD44v9 at higher levels (HSC-2, HSC-3), and the cells expressing this protein at lower levels (HSC-4, KB) with or without the treatment with an anti-CD44v9 antibody. In the highly expressing cells, the addition of anti-CD44v9 antibody enhanced their invasion ability, whereas it showed no effect on the invasion ability of the weakly expressing cells. These results suggest that the reduction of CD44v9 expression may weaken cell-to-cell adhesion in OSCC and make the tumor cells detach easily from their nests, resulting in the enhancement of their invasion ability. It may ultimately promote the establishment of a metastatic lesion.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗

PubMed2003

Verruciform xanthoma--biological profile of 282 oral lesions based on a literature survey with nine new cases from Japan.

The biological profile of oral verruciform xanthoma (VX) is presented based on a world-wide literature survey of 282 cases. From 1979 onwards, extraoral cases have also been reported. This rare, harmless lesion with a sessile or pedunculated base is a red/pink, papillary/granular/verrucous mucosal growth, occurring in females (mean age, 54.9 yrs) and males (mean age, 44.2 yrs) in a female:male ratio of 1:1.1. The most common location is by far the gingival margin and other areas of the masticatory oral mucosa. Comparison between 173 non-Japanese and 109 Japanese patients with oral VX showed few discrepancies in epidemiological data, indicating only few significant ethnic differences between the two cohorts. Histomorphologically, the epithelium covering the lesion can be divided into three groups: (A) a verrucous, (B) a papillary and (C) a flat pattern. The hallmark of all VX, irrespective of the lesion being intra- or extraoral is, however, the presence of vacuolated, foam or xanthoma cells which ultimately replace the connective tissue between the epithelial ridges. The xanthoma cells have been shown to be cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The present concept of the etiology and pathogenesis of VX, including the possible viral (HPV) association is revised, based on both intra- and some extraoral cases, and it is concluded that it is still far from being clarified.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Invasion of Salmonella enteritidis in the tissues of reproductive organs in laying Japanese quail: an immunocytochemical study.

The aim of this study was to determine whether Salmonella enteritidis (SE) inoculated into the peritoneal cavity would colonize tissues of reproductive organs in Japanese quail hens. Quail hens regularly laying were intraperitoneally inoculated with 5 x 10(7) or 5 x 10(8) SE cells, and the ovary, oviduct, kidney, spleen, liver, and large intestine were excised 24 or 48 h after the treatment. Paraffin sections of these organs were immunostained for SE. Invasion of SE was found in the tissues of the ovarian stroma, the follicular wall including superficial and theca layers, and occasionally in the granulosa layer and yolk. The SE immunoreaction product frequently was found in the fibroblast-like and macrophage-like cells in the stroma and surface layer of follicles. The SE immunoreaction products were identified on the mucosal surface, in the mucosal epithelium, and in the stromal tissues in all segments of the oviduct. Many of the bacteria were contained in the cytoplasm of mucosal epithelial cells and stromal cells in those tissues. The SE immunoreactions were also found in the tissues of kidney, spleen, and liver and in the large intestine. These results suggest that SE organisms introduced into the peritoneal cavity can invade and colonize the tissues of ovary and oviduct and may be responsible in the production of contaminated eggs.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Survivin, a potential early predictor of tumor progression in the oral mucosa.

Survivin is a recently described apoptosis inhibitor selectively over-expressed in most tumors. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate a potential role of survivin as an early predictor of malignant transformation in precancerous and cancerous lesions of the oral cavity. Survivin was present in 10/30 cases (33%) of oral precancerous lesions without malignant progression, and in 15/16 cases (94%) of oral precancerous lesions evolved into full-blown squamous cell carcinoma. Tumors that progressed from these precancerous lesions retained widespread survivin positivity (100%). Variations among group means were highly statistically significant (p < 0.001). No significant correlation was found between survivin expression and the degree of dysplasia. High expression of cytoplasmic/nuclear survivin is an early event during oral carcinogenesis and may provide a useful tool for the identification of precancerous lesions at higher risk of progression into invasive carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Establishment of human cementifying fibroma cell lines by transfection with temperature-sensitive simian virus-40 T-antigen gene and hTERT gene.

Human cementifying fibroma (HCF) is a benign fibro-osseous neoplasm of periodontal ligament (PDL) origin containing varying amounts of mineralized material resembling cementum. In the present study, we established cell lines from HCF, which were detected in the mandible of a 54-year-old Japanese man. To obtain immortalized cell clones, we undertook transfection with temperature-sensitive simian virus-40 (SV40) T-antigen and hTERT into HCF cells. Cells transfected with SV40 T-antigen entered "crisis" state between passages 22 and 35, but activation of telomerase by transfection with hTERT in the SV40-transformed HCF cells resulted in bypass of the crisis and maintenance over passage 200. HCF cell lines decreased the expression of SV40 T-antigen and the activity of cell proliferation at a nonpermissive temperature (39 degrees C) in comparison with that at a permissive temperature (33 degrees C). High activities of alkaline phosphatase and mineralization and the expression of type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were observed in HCF cells at 39 degrees C. Overall, these findings suggest that: (i) HCF cell lines may represent a novel in vitro human cell model for the study of the regulatory mechanism of differentiation and proliferation of the human PDL; and (ii) transfection of plasmids encoding the temperature-sensitive SV40 T-antigen gene and hTERT gene may be useful for obtaining immortalized cell lines from benign human tumor and, probably, nonneoplastic human tissues.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed2002

Initial attachment of osteoblasts to various guided bone regeneration membranes: an in vitro study.

OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has proved to be a suitable and somehow predictable technique for promoting bone regeneration. A variety of synthetic and naturally derived GBR barriers have been used in clinics to facilitate bone regeneration. These barriers may differ in composition and structure and these may affect the outcomes of GBR. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro ability of osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) to attach to various GBR membranes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six GBR/GTR (guided tissue regeneration) membranes [BioMend (BM), Resolut (RL), Guidor (GD), EpiGuide (EG), Gore-Tex (GT) and Millipore filter (MP)] were tested. For controls, cells were directly plated on culture dishes (CD). Each test membrane was secured to the bottom of a culture dish with a double-sided adhesive tape. All samples were triplicate. At 1.5 and 24 h after plating of 2 ml (5 x 10(4) cells/ml) of MC3T3-E1 (passage 7) cells, the specimens were rinsed with phosphate-buffered saline to wash out any unattached cells and then fixed with a 10% buffered formalin solution for 1 d. After washing with distilled water, the cells were stained with hematoxylin. The number of attached cells was counted under a light microscope equipped with an ocular-micrometer in a unit area of 0.25 mm(2) (five areas on each membrane). In addition, cell morphology attached to the membranes was evaluated under scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: Data were presented as mean +/- standard error and analyzed for statistical difference using a generalized Wilcoxon's test. Cell attachment at 1.5 h was as follows: MP (27.5 +/- 2.1) > RL (17.0 +/- 1.4) approximately equals BM (14.5 +/- 1.4) approximately equals EG (11.4 +/- 1.0) > GD (5.2 +/- 0.8) approximately equals GT (3.1 +/- 0.6); and at 24 h was: MP (67.6 +/- 3.6) > RL (35.8 +/- 1.8) > BM (15.4 +/- 0.9) approximately equals EG (13.3 +/- 1.3) > GD (5.9 +/- 0.7) approximately equals GT (5.6 +/- 1.3). At 24 h, the scanning electron microscope finding revealed that cells attached on MP, RL, BM and EG were flatter in shape, like cells on CD, than cells on GD and GT, where cells were rather round. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study suggested that MP, BM, RL and EG enhanced the early osteoblast attachment. However, the true benefit of this observation in clinic remains to be determined.

3T3 Cells↗