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Biomedical subjects

T Takei

Publications and source records attributed to T Takei.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Latex agglutination test for detection of mutans streptococci in relation to dental caries in children.

A simple and rapid system based on a latex agglutination (LA) reaction was devised for the detection of mutans streptococci in dental plaque. Latex particles were sensitized with antibodies against whole cells of Streptococcus mutans strains MT8148 (serotype c), MT703R (e) and OMZ175 (f) and Strep. sobrinus strains B13 (d) and 6715 (g). These sensitized particles were agglutinated within a few minutes after addition of 1.0-10 ng serotype-specific antigen from the homologous organisms or the nitrous acid extract of whole cells at 10(5)-10(6) c.f.u. The LA test specifically differentiated not only mutans streptococci from the other oral streptococci but also Strep. sobrinus from Strep. mutans. The LA test was also applicable to extracts of plaque from 206 human subjects who harboured mutans streptococci. In clinical trials, the outcome of the LA test correlated significantly with the number of mutans streptococci found in plaque (p less than 0.0001), which was quantified by the selective cultivation of mutans streptococci. Furthermore, the LA test discriminated between Strep. mutans and Strep. sobrinus from human dental plaque. The sensitivity and the specificity of the LA test for detection of mutans streptococci were 78.9 and 100%. The degree of reactivity in the LA test correlated significantly with the number of decayed tooth surfaces (p less than 0.0001) and decayed and filled tooth surfaces (p less than 0.0001). These results suggest that the LA test could be useful clinically for the detection of mutans streptococci in dental plaque as well as serving as a caries-activity test.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1992

Changes with time in the oral microflora and dental caries induction in hyposalivated rats fed on sucrose diet.

The effects of hyposalivation on the induction of dental caries and the change in oral microflora were examined at weekly intervals in Sprague-Dawley rats fed on diet 2000 containing 56% sucrose. In hyposalivated rats, significant dental caries was induced within one week and its severity increased with the experimental period. Bacteriological examinations demonstrated that the number of total cultivable microorganisms, lactobacilli and Staphylococcus aureus increased significantly shortly after surgical induction of hyposalivation, while the number of streptococci and yeasts did not increase significantly until the 7th week, beyond which time remarkable gross caries developed. A positive correlation was found between the caries score and the recovery of lactobacilli from mandibles of hyposalivated rats, while there was no statistically significant correlation between the caries score and the recoveries of S. aureus. On the other hand, dental caries was not induced in control rats fed on sucrose diet with no surgically-induced hyposalivation. It was also found that the number of lactobacilli increased significantly shortly after diet 2000 was given to control rats, but S. aureus was rarely recovered from the mandibles of control rats throughout the experiments. The roles of lactobacilli and S. aureus in the induction of dental caries under the hyposalivated condition were discussed and it was suggested that lactobacilli may play some significant role in the induction of dental caries in hyposalivated rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The factors that influence intraoperative blood loss during total hip replacement].

Fifty cases of total hip replacement performed by one surgeon were reviewed to compare the effects of epidural and general anesthesia. The blood pressure in patients under epidural anesthesia was significantly lower (P less than 0.001; t-test). There was a highly significant correlation between the operation time and the intraoperative blood loss (P less than 0.005, r = 0.67). A significant correlation was noted between the blood pressure and the minute loss of blood (P less than 0.01, r = 0.43). It is concluded that epidural anesthesia is to be recommended rather than general anesthesia in patients undergoing total hip replacement.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The significance of myelodysplasia in untreated patients with multiple myeloma].

Microscopic analysis of bone marrow smears from ten untreated patients with multiple myeloma (MM) revealed that seven patients had myelodysplastic changes. Of these, five patients had anemia alone while the other two had anemia and leucopenia. The myelodysplastic changes seen in MM were less extensive than those seen in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Moreover, the dysplastic changes in MM were determined to be limited to two or three lineage cells. Dysplastic changes were observed even after clinical signs of MM had improved due to therapy. We consider that the myelodysplastic changes seen in MM can be attributed to MM itself, rather than to the coexistence of MDS and MM. Such findings suggest that the pathogenesis of MM involves a common stem cell which differentiates into multiple lineage cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Venous air embolism during knee arthrography. A case report.

A 34-year-old man developed a nonfatal venous air embolism during arthrography of his post-traumatically contractured knee joint. From the arthrographic findings, injected air was assumed to have entered the great saphenous vein via the venous opening in the knee joint. Venous air embolism is an extremely rare complication of knee arthrography, but can occur. As it is potentially fatal, prompt recognition and appropriate positional and supportive therapy are essential.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Mutacin activity of strains isolated from children with varying levels of mutants streptococci and caries.

A total of 157 isolates of mutants streptococci from plaque and saliva of 94 children were studied for their serotypes, mutacin production, frequency and spectrum of activity. Of these isolates 71% were identified as serotype c and 22% as serotype e. Serotypes f, d and g, and one untypable strain made up about 7% of the isolates. More than one serotype was found in 13% of the children. Mutacin was produced by 83% of the isolates against one or more of the 14 indicator strains representing mutants streptococci. Streptococcus sanguis, Strep. oralis, Strep. gordonii, Strep. salivarius and Strep. pyogenes. Isolates that had a broad inhibitory spectrum also produced larger inhibition zones than isolates that inhibited fewer strains. When evaluating the effect of mutacin in vivo on plaque ecology, it was found that the counts of mutans streptococci or the proportion of mutans streptococci in the total streptococcal count of plaque did not differ between plaques containing strains that produced much mutacin and those with little production. The findings also failed to reveal an association between caries experience and mutacin activity.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMed1991

[Caries-inducing activity of soybean-oligosaccharide (SOR) in vitro and in experimental dental caries of rats].

The caries-inducing activity of soybean-oligosaccharide (SOR: stachyose- and raffinose-rich sugar mixture) was examined in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Streptococcus mutans MT 8148R fermented SOR and produced acids. However Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 did not ferment. SOR was not able to act as a substrate for crude glucosyltransferases (GTase) of these mutans streptococci to synthesize the water-insoluble glucan. However, SOR did not inhibit the synthesis of water-insoluble glucan from sucrose by crude GTase. SOR was proved to be of low cariogenicity in rats infected with S. sobrinus 6715.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Plaque formation of dietary isomaltulose in humans.

The plaque formation of isomaltulose, a sucrose isomer, was examined in 15 human volunteers with both diet and oral hygiene under supervision. The subjects were requested to refrain from all oral hygiene procedures for 3 days and were provided between-meal snacks containing 157 g of 4 test sugars (100% isomaltulose, 70% isomaltulose + 30% sucrose, 50% isomaltulose + 50% sucrose, and 100% sucrose). The study was repeated 4 times over 4 weeks. The isomaltulose diet resulted in the lowest plaque index, while sucrose induced a significantly greater deposition. In the absence of sucrose-containing snacks, mutans streptococci in saliva decreased below the baseline level. These results suggest that isomaltulose may be a suitable substitute for sucrose in between meal snacks.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Detection of mutans streptococci by latex agglutination test and its application as a caries-activity test].

The number of mutans streptococci in saliva and dental plaque has been reported to correlate with the incidence of dental caries. This report describes a simple and rapid diagnostic method for the detection of mutans streptococci in dental plaque using latex agglutination (LA) test. Latex particles (0.876 microns, diameter) were sensitized with partially purified antibodies against whole cells of Streptococcus mutans MT8148 (c), MT703R (e) and OMZ175 (f) and Streptococcus sobrinus B13 (d) and 6715 (g). Whole cells of mutans streptococci or dental plaque was extracted with a mixture of 8M sodium nitrite (5 microliters) and 2M acetic acid (5 microliters) for five minutes and neutralized with 2M sodium hydroxide (10 microliters), and the extract and the sensitized latex suspension (20 microliters) were mixed and the grade of agglutination reaction was read macroscopically after ten minutes standing at room temperature. The LA tests could detect 1.0 10ng of purified serotype antigen and 10(5)-10(6) CFU of live cells of mutans streptococci and specifically distinguish not only the mutans streptococci from the other streptococci but also S. mutans from S. sobrinus. However, cross-reactions were still observed among the serotypes c, e and f of S. mutans or between the serotypes d and g of S. sobrinus. Plaque samples were collected from 168 children (2 to 12 years of age) and the 0.1 mg (wet weight) were applied to the LA tests. At the same time, the total number of mutans streptococci in plaque and the serotypes of each isolate were determined. The results of LA reaction correlated significantly with the number of mutans streptococci in plaque (chi-square analysis; p less than 0.0001). The LA tests discriminated between S. mutans and S. sobrinus in dental plaque. It was found that the latex particles sensitized with anti-serotype c and/or e S. mutans antibodies were most effective in demonstrating mutans streptococci, and they were used in the following studies. The results of LA reaction correlated significantly with both the number of decayed tooth surfaces and the number of decayed and filled tooth surfaces. These results suggest that the LA test in mutans streptococci can be useful for the detection of mutans streptococci in dental plaque and also as a caries-activity test at dental clinics.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1989

Reconstruction of the four major ligaments in an unstable knee joint after dislocation by solvent-preserved human fascia lata transplantation. A case report.

Once the opportunity for primary repair of injured knee ligaments after traumatic dislocation has been lost, ligamentous reconstruction is difficult using only autogenic tissues because of the risk of loss of function at the donor site, so other substitutes are needed. The four major ligaments in the unstable knee of a 35-year-old man were reconstructed by solvent-preserved human fascia lata three months after traumatic open dislocation. The clinical results were satisfactory. Arthroscopic examination one year later showed that the reconstructed ligaments had good thickness and tension and were composed of autologous connective tissue without evidence of rejection. The literature on dislocation of the knee and on cruciate ligament reconstruction by allograft was reviewed, and a brief introduction to solvent-preserved human fascia lata was presented. The commercialization of this material has solved some common problems concerned with using allogenic tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Determination of ABO blood groups from saliva and saliva stains by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using monoclonal antibodies.

The detection of A, B and H blood group substances (ABH-BGS) in saliva and in saliva stains has been investigated quantitatively by an indirect ELISA using a horseradish peroxidase conjugate in combination with the use of monoclonal antibodies. Through this method, the reaction specificity to BGS in the saliva was very high and its detection sensitivity was found to be approximately 1,000 times greater than has been achieved in a hemagglutination-inhibition test. The monoclonal anti-A and anti-B reagents reacting with both secretor and non-secretor saliva in a hemagglutination-inhibition test and in this ELISA method were selected from among commercial monoclonal antibodies. However, no monoclonal anti-H reagent was found to react with non-secretor saliva. The BGS level was determined by the use of calibration curves of A, B and H standard BGS from human gastric mucosa and was expressed in units, based on the inhibition titer of the standard BGS. In 230 saliva samples, ABH-BGS were detectable, except for H BGS in non-secretor saliva. The BGS levels in saliva stains experimentally prepared were found to be approximately proportional to the levels in the original saliva. As for actual and aged stains, it was possible to detect BGS in most cigarette butts and in aged stains, however, such detection proved impossible in saliva samples from postage stamp.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

[Anomalous case of the left common carotid artery arising from the brachiocephalic trunk].

We found an anomalous branch of the aortic arch during the students' dissection practice at Fukuoka Dental College in 1988. The results are as follows; This case was found in a 92-year-old female cadaver (cause of death: cardiac dissufficiency), whose brachiocephalic trunk arose from the aortic arch forming a striking trunk with the left common carotid artery. The diameter of this trunk was 17.2 mm at its origin and the longitudinal length was 11.0 mm. This case corresponded to Typus B of Adachi's classification, while to Type C of De Garis's.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[The dental anthropological study on the erupted mesiodens in the Paiwan tribe of Formosan aborigines].

Mesiodens is one supernumerary tooth which appears in upper intra-central incisors. This tooth was originally described by Bolk (1917) who proposed the term 'mesiodens'. We investigated the incidence of mesiodens for the Paiwan tribe of Formosan aborigines (9 tribes) living in the mountain area of Taiwan. We have been continued to research on these tribes as viewed from dental anthropology. The materials used in this study were plaster casts of 152 males and 238 females (dental age: IIIA or over). The samples of the Paiwan tribe were selected from the dental casts obtained at Taitung and Pingtung (Machia and Wutai) in southern Taiwan. The results were as follows: 1. The occurrence of the erupted mesiodens in the upper incisal region was five cases (3.3%) in males, but was none in females. This tendency of incidence was much the same as that of Japanese. 2. The mesiodens was of rudimentary form: four cases (80%) showed conical-shaped type and the rest case was the sort of incisor. 3. In the incidence of the erupted mesiodens, the Paiwan tribe showed significantly higher than Japanese.

Anthropology↗
PubMed1989

Electron microscopic studies on the stretch-induced disordering of the myofilament lattice in tetanized frog skeletal muscle fibers.

To study the effect of stretch on the hexagonal myofilament lattice in frog skeletal muscle fibers, the fibers were fixed at rest and during the isometric tetanus with or without stretch, and their cross sections were examined electron microscopically. The degree of disorder of the myofilament lattice as estimated by the Fourier transform and rotation methods in the digital image analysis was found to be largest during the isometeric tetanus with stretch and smallest during the isometeric tetanus without stretch, supporting the view that the stretch-induced force enhancement results from the disordering of the myofilament lattice.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1988

The caries inhibitory effects of GOS-sugar in vitro and in rat experiments.

The caries inhibitory activity of GOS-sugar (panose- and maltose-rich sugar mixture) was examined and compared with that of sucrose, maltose, or glucose in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Streptococcus mutans MT8148R (serotype c) and Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 (g) did ferment GOS-sugar and produce acid in a similar way as with maltose and glucose. However, GOS-sugar could not be a substrate for the glucosyltransferases (GTases) of these mutans streptococci to synthesize the water-insoluble glucan. Also, it significantly inhibited not only the synthesis of water-insoluble glucan from sucrose by the crude GTases but also the sucrose-dependent adherence of these cells to a glass surface. In particular, adherence of growing cells of 6715 was markedly inhibited by the presence of GOS-sugar. GOS-sugar was found to induce significant but minimal dental caries in SPF rats infected with either MT8148R or 6715. Furthermore, the replacement of half of the dietary sucrose content with GOS-sugar resulted in a significant reduction of caries development in rats infected with strain 6715.

Animals↗