PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Tamminen

Publications and source records attributed to T Tamminen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Psychiatric disturbances among prepubertal children in southern Finland.

The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among prepubertal children in Southern Finland was studied in a two-stage epidemiological survey. In the first stage of the study 3397 children aged 8 or 9 were screened with the Rutter A2 scale for parents, Rutter B2 scale for teachers and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). In the second stage a random sample of the children screened was drawn for more detailed assessment. Altogether 279 children were interviewed with the Finnish version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC), and their parents with the Isle of Wight Interview Schedule. In the parental interview the prevalence of psychiatric disturbance among children was 15.1%. The rate was higher for boys (23.7%) than for girls (5.3%). The prevalence of psychiatric disturbance verified with the child interview was 14.9%. The prevalence of psychiatric disturbance in boys based on the child interview was 20.5%. For girls the prevalence of psychiatric disturbance based on the child interview was 8.7%. The spectrum of psychiatric disturbance differed in the two interviews. Attention deficit disorder, depression and conduct disorder were the most common diagnoses in the parent interview, while anxiety disorder and depression were most common according to the child interview. In only 24% of the cases both the parent and child interview gave the same diagnosis.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Bullying and psychiatric symptoms among elementary school-age children.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess bullying and psychological disturbance among 5,813 elementary school-aged children. METHOD: The data consisted of information given by the parents, teachers, and children themselves (Rutter A2 Scale, Rutter B2 Scale and Children's Depression Inventory). Children involved in bullying (as bullies, bully-victims, and victims) were compared to other children. RESULTS: More boys than girls were found to be involved in bullying. Bully-victims scored highest in externalizing behaviour and hyperactivity, and they themselves reported feelings of ineffectiveness and interpersonal problems. Victims scored highest in internalizing behavior and also psychosomatic symptoms, and they themselves reported anhedonia. Some gender differences in psychiatric symptomatology were also found. Children involved in bullying, especially children who both bullied and were bullied themselves, were psychologically disturbed. More children involved in bullying than others were referred for psychiatric consultation. The probability of being referred was highest among bully-victims (6.5 fold for males and 9.9 for females when compared to children not involved in bullying). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that bullying is a common phenomenon among children who are psychologically disturbed. Bullying also elevates the probability of being referred for psychiatric consultation.

Aggression↗
PubMed1998

A follow-up of enuresis from childhood to adolescence.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and treatment of enuresis in a national population-based follow-up study of children aged 8-14 years, to evaluate possible factors that enhance or hamper the attainment of continence and to examine the relationships between enuresis and psychiatric disturbance. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: An initial study was carried out in 1989 as part of the Finnish Child Psychiatric National Epidemiological Study. Three types of questionnaires were used; the Rutter Scale A for completion by parents, including a question about enuresis, the Rutter scale B for completion by teachers and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), completed by the children. Parents were also asked about demographic and family issues, teachers about school achievements and children about additional psychosomatic symptoms. In a follow-up in 1995, the target population comprised all previous enuretics and their controls, matched by age, gender, class and school, in the first phase of the study. Replies were received from 315 enuretic boys and 186 girls, with the corresponding values for controls being 310 and 183. The parents were asked about the adolescents' present enuresis and for permission for a treatment trial, if needed. The adolescents completed the CDI, and a questionnaire about enuresis, previous treatments and possible willingness for a treatment trial. They also reported basic somatic data, their life events and living habits. RESULTS: In the initial study, the enuretic children had higher total and subscores as reported by parents, teachers and themselves, except for emotional items reported by the teachers. Additionally, a significantly greater proportion of these children soiled, had sleeping difficulties and difficulties in falling asleep. Enuretic boys had more frequent nightly arousal and early morning waking, while the enuretic girls had more nightmares than non-enuretic girls. At 14 years old, the parents reported that 13 adolescents were enuretic; from the children's replies, nine boys and seven girls were enuretic. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of enuresis in those previously enuretic was surprisingly low, probably because of the efficient treatment methods, conditioning and medication. There were evident connections between childhood enuresis and mental well-being.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Children with symptoms of depression--what do the adults see?

In order to find out whether parents and teachers report depressive symptoms in children with self-reported depression and which features are connected with sought psychiatric care, a sample of 5682 prepubertal children was assessed with the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), the Rutter A2 scale (RA) and Rutter B2 scale (RB). In stepwise regression analysis of parent report, depressed mood, unpopularity, social withdrawal, disobedience, inattentiveness, and stealing were associated with high CDI scores. The items of the teacher report associated with high CDI scores included poor school performance, restlessness, somatic complaints, unresponsiveness, being bullied, and absenteeism from school. Although the parents and teachers readily saw and reported depressive symptoms in children, only for a small minority of children with multiple depressive symptoms had psychiatric care been sought or even considered. The symptoms associated with sought psychiatric care for depressed children were somatic (soiling, asthma) and behavioural (disobedient, restless). The results indicate that a large number of children with multiple depressive symptoms are left without necessary psychiatric assessment and help.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Should depression in young school-children be diagnosed with different criteria?

In a two-stage epidemiological study 5686 randomly selected 8 to 9-year-old children were screened using the CDI (Children's Depression Inventory), of whom 418 were questioned with the DISC-C1 (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children). According to DSM-III criteria the prevalence of MDD (Major Depressive Disorders) was 0.48% and of DD (Dysthymic Disorder) 0.06%. The prevalence rates did not change when DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria were employed. Fifteen children reported suicidal thoughts but according to DSM-III criteria only 1 of these children was depressed. Duration and frequency of depressive symptoms are essential for making a diagnosis of depressive disorder by the DSM-III, but children's reliability in reporting them is questionable. Omitting the duration and frequency of symptoms from the DSM-III criteria raised the prevalence of MDD to 4.0% and of DD to 2.2%. Eight of the children with suicidal thoughts were depressed. By the adapted DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria the prevalence rate of MDD was 4.0% and of DD 9.7%.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Alexithymia--state or trait? One-year follow-up study of general hospital psychiatric consultation out-patients.

We carried out a 1-year follow-up study on 54 out of 80 general hospital psychiatric consultation out-patients. Alexithymic features were measured by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), and self-reported psychological distress with the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Men were more alexithymic and distressed than women both at the baseline and at the follow-up evaluations. The degree of alexithymia in both genders remained consistent, whereas psychological distress decreased significantly in both genders during the follow-up period. Therefore we conclude that alexithymia presents a constant trait in psychiatric consultation out-patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Alexithymia in psychiatric consultation-liaison patients.

Alexithymic characteristics were assessed by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), a self-report measure of alexithymia, in 230 consecutive outpatients referred to a psychiatric consultation-liaison service. The prevalence of alexithymia was 37.8% (50.5% in men and 28.2% in women). Alexithymia was significantly associated with the following variables: male gender, low socioeconomic status, the presence of psychiatric disorder, especially depression, with old age and with a high level of psychological distress. No significant association between alexithymia and the presence of somatic illness was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Efficacy and tolerance of femoxetine and imipramine in the treatment of depressive states. A randomized, double-blind study.

Fifty-two patients with depressive illness characterized by four symptoms (periodical course, psychomotor retardation, diurnal variation, unrealistic self-depreciation) and a score of at least 18 on the Hamilton Depression Scale 1-17 (HDS) were allocated to a double-blind randomized study with femoxetine and imipramine. Patients were diagnosed according to RDC and further classified according to the Newcastle-II index. During the six weeks of treatment, efficacy was evaluated by means of HDS and a global evaluation. Side-effect symptoms were recorded on a check-list by questioning. After six weeks of treatment with femoxetine or imipramine (recommended daily standard dosages are 600 mg femoxetine and 150 mg imipramine (b.i.d.); in the present study, dosages were flexible and could be adjusted according to effect/side-effects) evaluation of efficacy based on HDS, a six-item subscale, groups of HDS items as well as single items showed no statistically significant differences between the treatment groups except with regard to the factor for sleep disturbances in the HDS, where greatest reduction was seen in the femoxetine group. No statistically significant differences regarding side-effect profile were seen. However, in the imipramine group, higher frequencies of such moderate to severe symptoms as dry mouth, constipation and urination difficulties were observed (the greatest difference was seen for dry mouth, p 0.1, while p-values for the remaining two symptoms were greater than 0.1). Moreover, based on the patients' own opinion on side-effects, femoxetine seemed to be better tolerated. One patient took an overdosage of approx. 26 g femoxetine; half of the intake was removed by gastric emptying at the hospital.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The impact of mother's depression on her nursing experiences and attitudes during breastfeeding.

Mother's depression during postpartum is rather common and it has an impact on the mother-child relationship. As breast-feeding is an important situation for the early mother-child interaction, the impact of mother's depression on her breast-feeding and nursing attitudes and experiences was decided to be studied. In this pilot study 119 healthy primipara mothers filled in Beck's Depression Inventory, breast-feeding and childrearing attitude scales and other questionnaires. The prevalence of depression was 8%. The depressed mothers had more difficulties during breast-feeding than other mothers. The attitudes of the depressed mothers were more positive during pregnancy, but more negative during breast-feeding than those of the non-depressed mothers. The results might be clinically meaningful, although we need more detailed information about the correlations between depression and breast-feeding experiences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Chronic administration of zopiclone and nitrazepam in the treatment of insomnia.

The hypnotic effects of 7.5 mg zopiclone, as well as its unwanted and residual effects, were compared with those of 5 mg nitrazepam in a double-blind, randomized, multicenter, parallel group study. After an initial, 7-day, placebo wash-out period, insomniac out-patients under the care of general practitioners received either 7.5 mg zopiclone or 5 mg nitrazepam for 6 weeks. Everyday, the patients filled in a diary (analogue scales for sleep parameters and condition during daytime); a sleep questionnaire was filled in at baseline and at the end of active treatment period; every 2 weeks, a somatic complaint check-list inventory and a mood rating scale were filled in and psychomotor tests performed; and at the end of the study, a global evaluation of efficacy and acceptability was given by the investigator. Clinical laboratory tests were performed before and after the active treatment period. From the diary, sleep onset latency, as well as sleep quality, were similarly improved by both drugs throughout the whole study. From the sleep questionnaire, all sleep parameters measured were improved at the end of the 6-week treatment period in both groups. No statistical differences in the various psychomotor tests were observed between the two treatment groups, and a significant improvement in the working ability of patients was noted with both drugs. Some significant differences were observed in the mood rating scale and the somatic complaint check list, probably related to differences in pharmacokinetics of the two drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The influence of perinatal factors on breast feeding.

The effect on breast feeding of various factors connected with delivery and the immediate post partum period were investigated in a group of 1701 parturients. Children born by caesarean section or assisted delivery, those of low birth weight or asphyxiated at birth started breast feeding significantly less often than healthy children delivered normally. The length of breast feeding was not affected by these factors once it was started, 49% breast feeding for six months or more. Exceptionally young and old mothers breast fed less well than mothers in general. Mothers whose husbands attended the delivery breast fed more often and longer than others. Failure to start breast feeding occurred in only 2.4% of the material. In this material with high breast feeding rates it can be concluded that obstetric and perinatal abnormalities have a small but nevertheless significant effect on the incidence of breast feeding.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1982

Respiration of tritiated substrates in heterotrophic activity assays.

The respiration percentage of H-labeled glucose by heterotrophic microorganisms in water samples was determined by a method based on equimolar addition of [H]- and [C]glucose to samples. The respiration percentage of [H]glucose exceeded that of [C]glucose by 10% over the assayed range of respiration rates. Respiration percentages diminished with decreasing temperature, the relation between respiration of [H]- and [C]glucose remaining the same. The significance of tritiated water respiration with regard to experimental design is emphasized.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Promotion of breast feeding: effect on neonates of change of feeding routine at a maternity unit.

The effect on the health of neonates of a change in neonatal routine care, including general rooming-in, breast feeding on demand and avoidance of supplementary bottle feeding was studied in conjunction to a breast feeding campaign at a maternity unit. There was an accentuated weight loss in the neonatal period during ad libitum breast feeding. The mean serum bilirubin of clinically jaundiced infants was slightly higher on a 4-hourly feeding schedule with supplementary bottles than on the new regimen. There was a similar high (32-33%) incidence of bilirubin levels greater than 205 mumol/l (12 mg/100 ml) in both groups. The incidence of spontaneous hypoglycaemia did not differ in the two groups. The new feeding regimen was thus considered safe. Infants at risk for hypoglycaemia were given supplementary bottles and were excluded from the study.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1976

The daily rhythm of plasma tryptophan and tyrosine in depression.

The study dealt with the level of and diurnal alterations in the concentration of tryptophan, free tryptophan and tyrosine in the blood plasma of 20 inhibited depression patients and 10 healthy controls. The results suggested that there was no distinct relationship between either the total plasma tryptophan or plasma tyrosine level and depression. On the other hand, the free plasma tryptophan level was, at all the times of day at which measurements were made, either significantly or almost significantly higher in the patients than in the controls. It was further found that the results of measurement were related to the patients' clinical improvement, as measured by the Hamilton test, in such a way that after four weeks of treatment the free plasma tryptophan level in 'poorly improved' patients continued to be significantly higher in comparison with the controls, whereas the values for the 'well improved' patient group did not differ greatly from the corresponding values for the control group any longer. It may be hypothesized that the rise in the free plasma tryptophan in depressive patients might represent an effort made by the peripheral body to compensate for the slowed-up serotonin metabolism of the brain, whereby the tryptophan mobilized from the periphery would serve as a sort of 'endogenous antidepressant' provided by the organism itself.

Acute Disease↗