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T Tanigawa

Publications and source records attributed to T Tanigawa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

G-protein beta-3 subunit C825T polymorphism, sodium and arterial blood pressure: a community-based study of Japanese men and women.

Epidemiological evidence on gene-environment effects of the G-protein beta-3 subunit C825T polymorphisms and sodium on blood pressure in the free-living general population is limited. We examined the associations between the C825T polymorphism and blood pressure levels, stratified by the sodium variables estimated by 24-h urinary sodium excretion and a dietary questionnaire, among 1,471 men and women aged 30-74 from a community in Japan. Our a priori hypothesis was that individuals with the 825T allele have elevated blood pressure among subjects with a high sodium intake. Among the whole group, the systolic blood pressure level was +2.2 mmHg (p = 0.10) higher in TT than CC genotype individuals after adjustment for sex, age, antihypertensive medication use, body mass index, and alcohol consumption. This difference was more evident among individuals with low sodium excretion (+4.5 mmHg, p = 0.01), low present sodium intake (+3.2 mmHg, p = 0.11), and low past sodium intake (+4.8 mmHg, p = 0.02). No associations were observed among those with high sodium variables. Our results indicate that the G-protein beta-3 subunit C825T polymorphism is associated with higher systolic blood pressure levels in a large free-living Japanese population, and more specifically in women with a low sodium intake. This finding helps to explain part of the discrepancy between the previously reported genetic association among different ethnic groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

TGF-beta signaling pathway: its role in gastrointestinal pathophysiology and modulation of ulcer healing.

Gastrointestinal ulcer healing is a complex process, involving cell migration, proliferation, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix deposition, all ultimately leading to reconstruction of tissue architecture within the ulcer scar. These processes are controlled by growth factors, cytokines and hormones. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), one of the multifunctional peptide growth factors, has been reported to positively regulate gastrointestinal ulcer healing. Although TGF-beta inhibits cell proliferation in a variety of cells, it induces cell migration, angiogenesis, and enhances extracellular matrix production necessary for gastrointestinal ulcer healing. TGF-beta exerts its action by binding to its transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptors, which in turn triggers activation of various intracellular signaling pathways. Smads are intermediate effector proteins that play key roles in biological activities of TGF-beta by transmitting the signals from the cell surface directly into the nucleus and initiating transcription. New insight into the mechanisms underlying TGF-beta-Smad modulation of gastrointestinal ulcer healing will likely enhance our understanding of the mechanisms controlling the healing processes of gastrointestinal ulcers.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Type 2 diabetes and risk of non-embolic ischaemic stroke in Japanese men and women.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between type 2 diabetes and risk of ischaemic stroke in Asian populations. METHODS: We conducted a 17-year prospective cohort study in 10,582 Japanese individuals (4287 men and 6295 women) aged 40-69 years living in five communities in Japan. All subjects were free of stroke and CHD at baseline. Diabetes was defined as a fasting glucose level of >/=7.0 mmol/l, a non-fasting glucose of >/=11.1 mmol/l, or receiving medication for diabetes. RESULTS: The risk of non-embolic ischaemic stroke was approximately two-fold higher in diabetic subjects than in subjects with normal glucose levels. The multivariate relative risk after adjustment for age, community, hypertensive status, BMI, triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness (TSF and SSF), and other known cardiovascular risk factors was 1.8 (95% CI 1.0-3.2) for men and 2.2 (1.2-4.0) for women. This excess risk was primarily observed among non-hypertensive subjects and individuals with higher values for measures of adiposity (BMI, TSF and SSF values above the median), particularly those with higher values for SSF. The association between non-embolic ischaemic stroke and glucose abnormality was particularly strong among non-hypertensive subjects with higher SSF values: the multivariate relative risk was 1.9 (1.0-3.7) for borderline diabetes and 4.9 (2.5-9.5) for diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In this cohort, type 2 diabetes was a significant risk factor for non-embolic ischaemic stroke, particularly in non-hypertensive and non-lean individuals. Due to the nationwide decrease in blood pressure and increase in mean BMI among the Japanese population, with current levels approaching those observed in Western countries, the impact of glucose abnormalities on risk of ischaemic stroke represents a forthcoming public health issue in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Indomethacin, but not Helicobacter pylori, inhibits adaptive relaxation in isolated guinea-pig stomach.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are major factors in gastritis and peptic ulcer However, the role of NSAIDs and H. pylori infection in dyspepsia remains unclear. Gastric adaptive relaxation may be related to the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia because the response is often disturbed in dyspeptic patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of indomethacin or H. pylori water extracts on gastric adaptive relaxation. This experiment was performed using the modified method of Desai et al. Isolated guinea-pig stomach in an organ bath was monitored for intragastric pressure and volume. Adaptive relaxation was induced by gastric luminal distention. The effects of indomethacin and H. pylori on gastric relaxation were tested in this system. Indomethacin (> 1 x 10(-5) M) significantly inhibited adaptive relaxation. Indomethacin (> 3 x 10(-6) M) induced gastric relaxation in a dose-dependent fashion. However, aspirin at a concentration sufficient for cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 inhibition did not induce gastric relaxation. Preincubation with N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide (NO)-synthase inhibitor, inhibited indomethacin-induced gastric relaxation. Adaptive relaxation was not affected by H. pylori water extracts. In conclusion, indomethacin inhibited adaptive relaxation via prior gastric relaxation. NO production, but not COX-1 inhibition, may be involved in this effect of indomethacin. H. pylori water extracts may not have direct effects on adaptive relaxation. Inhibition of adaptive relaxation may be one of the major mechanisms underlying NSAID-induced dyspepsia.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Comparison of the effects of rebamipide with those of cimetidine on chronic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori in Mongolian gerbils.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The effects of rebamipide on chronic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori have not been well-defined. We compared these effects of rebamipide with those of cimetidine in Mongolian gerbils infected with H. pylori. METHODS: Mongolian gerbils with or without H. pylori were divided into 10 groups 6 weeks after inoculation and fed diets containing a drug (rebamipide or cimetidine) or control diet. All animals were sacrificed 4 weeks after grouping. Their stomachs were examined for histology, colonization by H. pylori, myeloperoxidase activity (myeloperoxidase), production of neutrophil chemokine (CINC/KC) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and serum gastrin levels. RESULTS: H. pylori colonized all of the inoculated animals. Neither rebamipide nor cimetidine decreased myeloperoxidase activity, but each reduced wet stomach weight in H. pylori-infected animals. The amount of increase in CINC/KC and TNF-alpha in gastric tissue caused by H. pylori infection was decreased by treatment with rebamipide or cimetidine. H. pylori infection increased serum gastrin levels, and this increase was significantly enhanced by cimetidine but not rebamipide. CONCLUSIONS: Rebamipide may improve H. pylori-infected chronic gastritis by preventing the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as does cimetidine, but may be preferable to cimetidine for long-term administration for treatment of H. pylori-infected chronic gastritis due to its effect on serum gastrin levels.

Alanine↗
PubMed2003

Long-term follow-up study of HTLV-I infection in bottle-fed children born to seropositive mothers.

Human T-lymphotropic virus Type-I (HTLV-I) infects children via mother's milk. Infection of Human T-lymphotropic virus Type-I (HTLV-I) was investigated by long-term follow-up surveys of modified milk-fed children. Our observations of modified milk-fed infants revealed that: 1 of 154 (0.6%) at year 1, 5 of 129 (3.9%) at 1.5 years, and 5 of 108 (4.6%) at year 2 were anti-HTLV-I antibody-positive. No infants or children became newly antibody-positive thereafter. Modified milk feeding could prevent the HTLV-I infection of infants from mothers in many cases, however the infants who had became anti-HTLV-I antibody-positive due to established infection by the age 2 remained positive at age 11-12 with persistent infections. Modified milk-fed infants who had been born from HTLV-I seropositive mothers did not show that they had complete protection from HTLV-I infection, but a low infection rate was seen, showing that modified milk feeding is useful to protect from HTLV-I infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Long-term follow up study of vertical HTLV-I infection in children breast-fed by seropositive mothers.

Infection of Human T-lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) was investigated by long-term follow up surveys of mother's milk-fed infants. HTLV-I infections of infants via seropositive mother's milk, that is, anti-HTLV-I antibody-positive infants, increased in number up to the age 2, but no infants became antibody-positive thereafter. Infants who had became antibody positive by age 2 remained so at age 11-12. HTLV-I infection via feeding with mother's milk was established by the age 2. While in epidemiologic surveys an increase of the anti-HTLV-I antibody-positive rate has been reported, this survey revealed that after acquisition of HTLV-I from breast feeding, there was no further horizontal transmission prior to puberty.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed2002

Treatment of asthma patients with herbal medicine TJ-96: a randomized controlled trial.

Alternative medicine use has increased at a remarkable pace all over the world in recent years. Although herbal medicine for the treatment of asthma is becoming the focus of public attention, randomized studies had not been performed, even in Eastern countries including Japan. This study was designed to investigate whether one of the Japanese government approved herbal complexes Saiboku-to (TJ-96) is effective for the treatment of atopic asthma, and to investigate whether this protective activity is associated with a reduction in eosinophilic inflammation. A double-blind, randomized, crossover design was used. Subjects received 2.5 g of TJ-96 or placebo orally 3 times daily for 4 weeks and then, after a washout period of at least 4 weeks, crossed over to receive the alternative treatment. We assessed the effects of pretreatment with TJ-96 on bronchoconstriction precipitated by inhalation of methacholine. Furthermore, eosinophil counts and measurement of eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) were performed. After 4 weeks of treatment with TJ-96, values of PC20 -methacholine significantly improved in the treatment with TJ-96. Also, patients' symptoms, blood eosinophils, serum ECP, sputum eosinophils, and sputum ECP were significantly decreased. Our results suggest that TJ-96 has an antiinflammatory effect on bronchial eosinophilic infiltration. This study raises further interesting therapeutic possibilities and argues for further trials of new approaches to the treatment of asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A case of basal cell carcinoma of the nipple and areola with intraductal spread.

We report an 82-year-old Japanese woman with basal cell carcinoma of the left nipple and areola extending into the lactiferous duct. The patient developed a small papular lesion of the left areola about 1 year before admission. The lesion, which had slowly progressed to involve the nipple, had become symptomatic showing weeping and bleeding. Mammography revealed microcalcification in the nipple. Although Paget's disease was suspected from these clinical features, histologically basal cell carcinoma was diagnosed. There was no axillary lymphadenopathy, and no evidence of distant metastasis. The lesion of the nipple and areola was resected with a 2 cm free margin along with the underlying mammary tissue. The patient has remained well without signs of recurrence for 2 years after surgery. We reviewed cases of basal cell carcinoma of the nipple or areola and discuss considerations and problems of this rare tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Intratubular calcification in a post-renal transplanted patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

In this article, we present a case in which marked intratubular calcification occurred in the transplanted kidney. The patient received living renal transplantation without control of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism, and the tacrolimus hydrate was used as an immunosuppressive agent, the adverse effects of which can induce intratubular calcification. Biopsy of the renal allograft revealed many intratubular calcifications in the cortex region of the specimen, although the histological grade was borderline for the Banff classification. The pathogenic causes of intratubular calcification were difficult to distinguish from the adverse effects of tacrolimus and the uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2001

Inhibition by combined therapy with ticlopidine and aspirin of enhanced platelet aggregation during physical exercise in patients with coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND: Strenuous exercise can be a major trigger for coronary thrombosis and it enhances platelet aggregation. METHODS: We evaluated the effect of antiplatelet therapy on shear stress-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA), in addition to agonist-induced aggregation, before and immediately after ergometer exercise in patients with stable coronary artery diseases (CAD). Forty-eight patients with stable CAD were randomly distributed into 3 groups: no antiplatelet drug (patient control, n = 16), aspirin (ASA) monotherapy (n = 16), and combined therapy with ticlopidine (TIC) and ASA (n = 16). RESULTS: There were significant increases in not only adenosine phosphate (ADP)- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation but also in SIPA during exercise by the patient control group. ASA monotherapy did not attenuate the enhanced ADP-induced aggregation nor SIPA. Combined ASA + TIC therapy significantly inhibited SIPA as well as ADP-induced aggregation both before and after exercise. Significant increases in levels of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) occurred during exercise, and these antiplatelet therapies had no apparent effect on increased vWF levels during exercise. Exercise induced a significant increase in the plasma thrombin-antithrombin III complex level with no significant changes in the level of plasmin-plasmin inhibitor complex level in all 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Combined therapy with ASA + TIC effectively inhibited increased platelet aggregability in response to acute exercise, with no effects on coagulant or fibrinolytic potentials in patients with CAD. The data suggest that TIC combined with ASA may be superior to ASA alone in preventing acute coronary events during exercise in patients with coronary atherosclerotic disease.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed2001

Antioxidative effects of fluvastatin and its metabolites against oxidative DNA damage in mammalian cultured cells.

We investigated the effects of fluvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and on oxidative DNA damage in vitro, as well as the effects of the main fluvastatin metabolites (M2, M3, and M4) and other inhibitors of the same enzyme, pravastatin and simvastatin. The hydroxyl radical and the superoxide anion scavenging activities of fluvastatin and its metabolites were evaluated using an electron spin resonance spectrometer. Fluvastatin and its metabolites showed superoxide anion scavenging activity in the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system and a strong scavenging effect on the hydroxyl radical produced from Fenton's reaction. Protective effects of fluvastatin on ROS-induced DNA damage of CHL/IU cells were assessed using the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. CHL/IU cells were exposed to either hydrogen peroxide or t-butylhydroperoxide. Fluvastatin and its metabolites showed protective effects on DNA damage as potent as the reference antioxidants, ascorbic acid, trolox, and probucol, though pravastatin and simvastatin did not exert clear protective effects. These observations suggest that fluvastatin and its metabolites may have radical scavenging activity and the potential to protect cells against oxidative DNA damage. Furthermore, ROS are thought to play a major role in the etiology of a wide variety of diseases such as cellular aging, inflammation, diabetes, and cancer development, so fluvastatin might reduce these risks.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Prospective study of depressive symptoms and risk of stroke among japanese.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and the incidence of stroke among Japanese men and women. METHODS: A 10.3-year prospective study on the relationship between depressive symptoms and the incidence of stroke was conducted with 901 men and women aged 40 to 78 years in a rural Japanese community. Depressive symptoms were measured at baseline with the use of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The incidence of stroke was ascertained under systematic surveillance. RESULTS: During the 10-year follow-up, 69 strokes (39 ischemic strokes, 10 intracerebral hemorrhages, 10 subarachnoid hemorrhages, and 10 unclassified strokes) occurred. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of mild depression (SDS scores >/=40) at baseline was 25% among subjects with incident stroke and 12% among subjects without stroke (P<0.01). Persons with SDS scores in the high tertile had twice the age- and sex-adjusted relative risk of total stroke as those with scores in the low tertile. The excess risk was confined to ischemic stroke. After we adjusted for body mass index, systolic blood pressure level, serum total cholesterol level, cigarette smoking, current treatment with antihypertensive medication, and history of diabetes mellitus, these relative risks remained statistically significant for total stroke (1.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.5) and ischemic stroke (2.7; 95% CI, 1.2 to 6.0). CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptoms predict the risk of stroke, specifically ischemic stroke among Japanese.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Integrated approach of an artificial neural network and numerical analysis to multiple equivalent current dipole source localization.

The authors have developed a PC-based multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG) measurement and analysis system. This system enables us (1) to simultaneously record a maximum of 64 channels of EEG data, (2) to measure three-dimensional positions of the recording electrodes, (3) to rapidly and precisely localize equivalent current dipoles (ECDs) responsible for the EEG data, and (4) to superimpose the localization results on magnetic resonance images. A new neural network and numerical analysis (NNN) approach to ECD localization is described which integrates a feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) and a numerical optimization (Powell's hybrid) method. It was shown that the ANN method has the advantages of high-speed localization and noise robustness, because in this approach: (1) ECD parameters are immediately initialized from the recorded EEG data by the ANN and (2) ECD parameters are accurately refined by the hybrid method. Our multiple ECD localization method was applied to sensory evoked potentials and event-related potentials using the present system.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

[Mechanism and management of drug-induced eating disorder].

Eating disorders induced by drugs, especially anorexia, nausea and vomiting are frequently reported as side effects of many available drugs. Since such disorders can affect patients' quality of life, suitable treatment plans based on the mechanisms of their induction are warranted. Eating disorders induced by drugs can be classified according to the mechanism of their induction into disorders resulting from: 1) gastrointestinal mucosal injury; nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, antibiotics, etc. 2) chemical stimulation of the central nervous system; anticancer drugs, morphine, digitalis, etc. 3) non-specific symptoms following other systemic side effects; drug-induced depression, liver derangement, etc. This review addresses the aforementioned points and the best countermeasures that should be tried for successful control of these disorders.

Anorexia↗
PubMed2001

[Trends in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors among urban and rural Japanese males].

OBJECTIVES: To examine long-term trends in the incidence of coronary heart disease, stroke, and their risk factors among Japanese populations, we explored 32 years of surveillance data for male residents in urban and rural areas in Japan. METHODS: The surveyed populations were 40-79 year-old male residents in M community (population over 40 years old in 1995 was 11,121) of Y City in Osaka (urban area; Osaka) and I town (n = 3,571) in Akita prefecture (rural area; Akita). Incidence rates of coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction, angina pectoris), sudden cardiac death, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and stroke per 1,000 person-years were calculated for 1964-71, 1972-79, 1980-87 and 1988-95. Risk factors were evaluated by cross-sectional surveys conducted in the median years for each period. Dietary intake was examined by the 24-hour recall method in the latter three periods. RESULTS: Age-adjusted incidence of coronary heart disease per 1,000 men increased progressively from 0.27 in 1964-71 to 0.90 in 1988-95 (P = 0.222 for trend) among 40-59 year old residents in Osaka. Among their 60-79 year old counterparts, though the incidence was 2.62-3.11 and did not change over the periods studied, the combined rates for coronary heart disease and men who had a PTCA reached 3.79 in 1988-95. In contrast, the incidence of coronary heart disease among Akita residents did not change over time and stroke declined 70 percent between 1964-71 and 1988-95 (P < 0.001) in both 40-59 and 60-79 year age group: The decrease in cerebral infarction was less marked between 1980-87 and 1988-95 among 60-79 year old individuals. Significant increases in diastolic blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, body mass index, salt intake and total fat percent of total energy in Osaka, were associated with the elevation in the incidence of coronary heart disease. In Akita, blood pressure leveled off over the study period, but decreased less during the last decade whereas the prevalence of obesity increased. CONCLUSION: Trends in cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors differ among different geographical areas. The present long-term study, in particular, demonstrated an increase in the incidence of coronary heart disease among urban Japanese male residents in Osaka between the 1960s and the 1990s.

Adult↗