Biomedical subjects

T Tateishi

Publications and source records attributed to T Tateishi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Intestinal CYP3A4 is not involved in the enantioselective disposition of lansoprazole.

The contribution of (S)-lansoprazole to CYP3A4-catalysed sulfoxidation is greater than that of (R)-lansoprazole. The aim was to investigate the effect of grapefruit juice on the enantioselective disposition of lansoprazole among three CYP2C19 genotype groups. Eighteen healthy subjects, consisting of six each of homozygous extensive metabolizers (homEMs), heterozygous extensive metabolizers (hetEMs) and poor metabolizers (PMs), ingested a single oral dose of 60 mg racemic lansoprazole after taking either 200 ml grapefruit juice or water. There was no effect of grapefruit juice on the mean maximum plasma concentrations (C(max)) or the elimination half-life for each lansoprazole enantiomer in all three CYP2C19 genotype groups. Similarly, the pharmacokinetic parameters of lansoprazole sulfone remained unaltered by grapefruit juice in all three groups. The CYP3A4-mediated first-pass sulfoxidation of (R)- and (S)-lansoprazole were not influenced by grapefruit juice. In addition, stereoselectivity of the intestinal CYP3A4-catalysed sulfoxidation of (R)- and (S)-lansoprazole was not observed.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗

PubMed2006

[Rapidly enlarging giant left ventricular pseudo-false aneurysm after myocardial infarction; report of a case].

A 71-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with acute myocardial infarction and cardiac tamponade. After pericardial drainage, his hemodynamics was improved. Because more than 3 days had been passed after the onset of myocardial infarction and he had severe renal dysfunction, emergent coronary angiography (CAG) was not performed. After improvement of his general status, coronary angiography and percutaneous catheter intervention was carried out, and his course was uneventful. But transthoracic echocardiography before discharge revealed a giant posterior psudoaneurysm. Patch closure and coronary artery bypass grafting was carried out under cardiopulmonary bypass, and postoperative course was uneventful. Postoperative left ventriculogram revealed disappearance of pseudoaneurysm, but relatively large akinetic area of posterior-inferior wall was left around a patch. Pseudo-false aneurysm was diagnosed by histological examination.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of etizolam are influenced by polymorphic CYP2C19 activity.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 activity on the single-dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of etizolam. METHODS: The subjects were 21 healthy Japanese volunteers. The two mutated alleles (CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3) causing absent CYP2C19 activity were identified by a polymerase chain reaction method. Twelve subjects were extensive metabolizers (EMs) with no or one mutated allele, and nine subjects were poor metabolizers (PMs) with two mutated alleles. The subjects received a single oral 1-mg dose of etizolam, and blood samplings and evaluation of psychomotor function were conducted up to 24 h after dosing. RESULTS: The PMs had significantly larger total area under the plasma concentration-time curve (287+/-74 vs 178+/-122 ng.h/ml, p<0.05) and longer elimination half-life (14.8+/-4.2 vs 10.5+/-3.9 h, p<0.05) of etizolam than the EMs. The area under the score-time curve from 0 to 8 h of the Stanford Sleepiness Scale was significantly larger in the PMs than in EMs (28.9+/-5.2 vs 22.9+/-6.9 score.h, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that the single-dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of etizolam are influenced by polymorphic CYP2C19 activity.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Induction of the metabolism of etizolam by carbamazepine in humans.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of carbamazepine on the single oral dose pharmacokinetics of etizolam. METHODS: Eleven healthy male volunteers received carbamazepine 200 mg/day or placebo for 6 days in a double-blind, randomized, crossover manner, and on the sixth day they received a single oral 1-mg dose of etizolam. Blood samplings and evaluation of psychomotor function by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test and Stanford Sleepiness Scale were conducted up to 24 h after etizolam dosing. Plasma concentration of etizolam was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Carbamazepine treatment significantly decreased the peak plasma concentration (17.5+/-4.1 ng/ml versus 13.9+/-4.1 ng/ml; P<0.05), total area under the plasma concentration-time curve (194.8+/-88.9 ng h/ml versus 105.9+/-33.0 ng h/ml; P<0.001), and elimination half-life (11.1+/-4.6 h versus 6.8+/-2.8 h; P<0.01) of etizolam. No significant change was induced by carbamazepine in the two pharmacodynamic parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that carbamazepine induces the metabolism of etizolam.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2004

Pharmacokinetic differences between the enantiomers of lansoprazole and its metabolite, 5-hydroxylansoprazole, in relation to CYP2C19 genotypes.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the pharmacokinetics of each enantiomer of lansoprazole and 5-hydroxylansoprazole in three different CYP2C19 genotype groups of Japanese subjects. METHODS: Healthy subjects ( n=18), of whom 6 were homozygous extensive metabolizers (homEMs), 6 were heterozygous extensive metabolizers (hetEMs) and 6 were poor metabolizers (PMs), participated in the study. After a single oral dose of 60 mg of racemic lansoprazole, the plasma concentrations of the lansoprazole enantiomers, 5-hydroxylansoprazole enantiomers and lansoprazole sulfone were measured for 24 h post-dose. RESULTS: The plasma concentrations of ( R)-lansoprazole were remarkably higher in all three CYP2C19 genotype groups than those of the corresponding ( S)-enantiomer. The mean maximum plasma concentration ( C(max)) of ( S)-lansoprazole differed significantly among the three groups, whereas there was no difference for the ( R)-enantiomer. The relative area under the plasma concentration (AUC) ratios of ( R)- and ( S)-lansoprazole in the homEMs, hetEMs, and PMs were 1:1.5:4.0 and 1:1.8:7.4, respectively. Yet, the relative AUC ratios of 5-hydroxylansoprazole to lansoprazole for the ( R)- and ( S)-enantiomers in the homEMs, hetEMs, and PMs were almost the same (1:0.73:0.12 and 1:0.77:0.13, respectively). However, the AUC ratios of the ( S)-enantiomer were 13-fold greater for the three CYP2C19 genotypes than those of the corresponding ( R)-enantiomer. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of the contribution of CYP2C19 to the 5-hydroxylation of ( S)-lansoprazole was greater than that of the ( R)-enantiomer. The R/S ratios for the AUC of lansoprazole for the homEMs, hetEMs and PMs were 12.7, 8.5 and 5.8, respectively, suggesting a significant effect of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on the stereoselective disposition of lansoprazole.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗

PubMed2004

Inhibition of the metabolism of etizolam by itraconazole in humans: evidence for the involvement of CYP3A4 in etizolam metabolism.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the involvement of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 in the metabolism of etizolam. METHODS: The effects of itraconazole, a potent and specific inhibitor of CYP3A4, on the single oral dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of etizolam were examined. Twelve healthy male volunteers received itraconazole (200 mg/day) or placebo for 7 days in a double-blind randomized crossover manner, and on the 6th day they received a single oral 1-mg dose of etizolam. Blood samplings and evaluation of psychomotor function using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test and Stanford Sleepiness Scale were conducted up to 24 h after etizolam dosing. Plasma concentration of etizolam was measured by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Itraconazole treatment significantly increased the total area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC; 213+/-106 ng rectangle h/ml versus 326+/-166 ng rectangle h/ml, P<0.001) and the elimination half-life (12.0+/-5.4 h versus 17.3+/-7.4 h, P<0.01) of etizolam. The 90% confidence interval of the itraconazole/placebo ratio of the total AUC was 1.38-1.68, indicating a significant effect of itraconazole. No significant change was induced by itraconazole in the two pharmacodynamic parameters. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that itraconazole inhibits the metabolism of etizolam, providing evidence that CYP3A4 is at least partly involved in etizolam metabolism.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Reproducibility of nifedipine absorption from GITS tablets: comparison of single-dose pharmacokinetics using 10, 20, 40 and 60 mg nifedipine.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the reproducibility of nifedipine absorption from gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) tablets by comparing the single-dose pharmacokinetic profiles of 4 different dosages administered orally. METHODS: Twelve healthy male volunteers, aged between 22 and 29 years were enrolled in the open, 4-way, dose escalation study with single oral doses of 10, 20, 40 and 60 mg (two 30 mg) nifedipine GITS tablets. Each administration was separated by a 1-week washout period. Coefficients of variation (CV) of dose-corrected area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and peak plasma drug concentrations (Cmax) were calculated from the pharmacokinetic profiles. RESULTS: Mean AUC and mean Cmax were dose-proportional from 10 to 60 mg. Although the CV of 4 mean dose-corrected AUC and Cmax were 5.5% and 17.5%, respectively, CV of dose-corrected AUC and Cmax in each subject varied from 5.1 to 37.4% (mean 11.0%) and from 14.1% to 46.4% (mean 25.8%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Whereas mean plasma nifedipine concentration remained markedly stable over a 16- to 24-hour interval and mean dose-corrected AUC showed good reproducibility with nifedipine GITS, the CV of dose-corrected AUC of the nifedipine GITS tablets in each subject showed large variability.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2003

Long-term implantation of zinc-releasing calcium phosphate ceramics in rabbit femora.

Zinc is an essential trace element that has stimulatory effects on bone formation. Recently, we developed zinc-releasing calcium phosphate ceramics in order to add the pharmacologic effect of zinc to calcium phosphate ceramics. In our previous study, we showed that the optimum zinc content for promoting bone formation was 0.316 wt %. Therefore a zinc composite ceramic of zinc-containing beta-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite, with a zinc content of 0.316 wt %, was chosen for long-term implantation. Cylindrical rods of the zinc composite ceramic were implanted in rabbit femora for 2 to 60 weeks. Using computer-aided image analysis, a histomorphometric study was carried out to investigate bone formation and resorption around the implants. The control was a composite ceramic of beta-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite without zinc. The addition of zinc to the implant demonstrated both favorable and unfavorable effects on bone remodeling. The favorable effect was enhanced bone apposition to the implant surface, demonstrated by a significant increase in intramedullary bone apposition rate at 6 weeks and in cortical bone apposition rate at 24 and 60 weeks (p < 0.05). The unfavorable effect was increased bone resorption, demonstrated by a significant increase in medullary cavity area at 60 weeks (p < 0.05). In order to utilize the favorable effect and avoid the unfavorable effect of zinc, either a reduction in zinc content in the zinc composite ceramic or the selection of implantation sites that do not have excessive exposure to bone marrow are required.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Development of cone and plate-type rheometer for quantitative analysis of endothelial cell detachment by shear stress.

We developed an apparatus, which has a structure based on a cone and plate-type rheometer, to facilitate quantitative analysis of the detachment process of endothelial cells (EC) from diverse materials including 3-dimensional scaffolds such as plate, membrane and porous-shaped materials. As an artificial vascular model, a material inoculated with EC to a polycarbonate membrane coated with laminin was prepared. In consequence, reduced cell number, medium volume, and material size was enough to evaluate cell detachment from various materials by shear stress in our system. When shear stress was loaded to a material with EC, the ratio retained of initially inoculated cells decreased with time. Increase of magnitude of shear stress also decreased the ratio. We conclude that our apparatus could analyze quantitatively detachment of EC with ease for screenings to find materials that enhance adhesive force of EC. To produce artificial blood vessels with small diameter, our apparatus could become a useful instrument.

Cell Adhesion↗

PubMed2001

Poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) sponge hybridized with collagen microsponges and deposited apatite particulates.

A novel three-dimensional porous scaffold has been developed for bone tissue engineering by hybridizing synthetic poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), naturally derived collagen, and inorganic apatite. First, a porous PLGA sponge was prepared. Then, collagen microsponges were formed in the pores of the PLGA sponge. Finally, apatite particulates were deposited on the surfaces of the collagen microsponges in the pores of PLGA sponge. The PLGA-collagen sponge served as a template for apatite deposition, and the deposition was accomplished by alternate immersion of PLGA-collagen sponge in CaCl(2) and Na(2)HPO(4) aqueous solutions and centrifugation. The deposited particulates were small and scarce after one cycle of alternate immersion. Their number and size increased with the number of alternate immersion cycles. The surfaces of collagen microsponges were completely covered with apatite after three cycles of alternate immersion. The porosity of the hybrid sponge decreased gradually as the number of alternate immersion increased. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis and X-ray diffraction spectra showed that the calcium-to-phosphorus molar ratio of the deposited particulates and the level of crystallinity increased with the number of alternate immersion cycles, and became almost the same as that of hydroxyapatite after four cycles of alternate immersion. The deposition process was controllable. Use of the PLGA sponge as a mechanical skeleton facilitated formation of the PLGA-collagen-apatite hybrid sponge into desired shapes and collagen microsponges facilitated the uniform deposition of apatite particulates throughout the sponge. The PLGA-collagen-apatite hybrid sponge would serve as a useful three-dimensional porous scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

Apatites↗

PubMed2001

In vivo evaluation of a novel porous hydroxyapatite to sustain osteogenesis of transplanted bone marrow-derived osteoblastic cells.

Biosynthetic bone grafts are considered to contain one or more of three critical components: osteoprogenitor cells, an osteoconductive matrix, and osteoinductive growth factors. The basic requirements of the scaffold material are biocompatibility, mechanical integrity, and osteoconductivity. A major design problem is satisfying these requirements with a single composite. In this study, we hypothesize that one composite that combines bone marrow-derived osteoblasts and a novel mechanical reinforced porous hydroxyapatite with good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity (HA/BMO) can reach these requirements. A novel sintered porous hydroxyapatite (HA) was prepared by the following procedures. The HA slurry was foamed by adding polyoxyethylenelaurylether (PEI) and mixing. The pores were fixed by crosslinking PEI with diepoxy compounds and the HA porous body was sintered at 1200 degrees C for 3 h. The HA sintered porous body had a high porosity (77%), and was completely interconnected. Average pore diameter was 500 microm and the interconnecting path 200 microm in diameter. The compressive (17 MPa) and three-point bending (7 MPa) strengths were high. For in vivo testing, the 2-week subcultured HA/BMO (+) composites were implanted into subcutaneous sites of syngeneic rats until 8 weeks after implantation. These implants were harvested at different time points and prepared for the biochemical analysis of alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and bone osteocalcin content (OCN), and histological analysis. ALP and OCN in the HA/BMO group were much higher than those in the HA without BMOs control group 1 week after implantation (p < 0.001). Light microscopy revealed mature bone formation in the HA/BMO composite 4 weeks after implantation. In the SEM study, mineralized collagenous extracellular matrix was noted in HA/BMO composite 2 weeks after implantation with numbers of active osteoblasts. We conclude that the composite of the novel HA and cultured BMOs has osteogenic ability in vivo. These results provide a basis for further studies on the use of this composite as an implant in orthopaedic surgery.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed2001

Effects of PR-350, a newly developed radiosensitizer, on dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity and 5-fluorouracil pharmacokinetics.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of PR-350, a newly developed radiosensitizer, on dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pharmacokinetics in 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. In an in vitro study with hepatic cytosol, DPD activity was dose-dependently reduced by PR-350 at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mmol/l to 75.5%, 64.9%, and 61.5%, respectively, of the control values. In an ex vivo study, DPD activities in hepatic cytosols obtained from animals which had received PR-350 over 4 days (200 mg/kg per day) were not significantly different from those in animals which had not. In an in vivo study, none of the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from the plasma concentration-time profile of 5-FU were significantly altered by single i.v. injections of PR-350 (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg). However, (E)-5-(2)-(bromovinyl)uracil (BVU), a DPD inhibitor, significantly increased the half-life and area under the curve of 5-FU to 238.1% and 323.2%, respectively, of the control values. Administration of PR-350 over 4 days (200 mg/kg per day) did not affect either of these parameters. The administration of PR-350 significantly reduced the clearance (73.5% of control) and volume of distribution (71.0% of control) of 5-FU, but the alterations were much less than those caused by BVU. These results suggest that the effect of PR-350 on 5-FU pharmacokinetics is much less than that of BVU and that the enhancement of 5-FU toxicity by PR-350 is less than we initially anticipated.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Preparation of poly(L-lactic acid) and poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) foams by use of ice microparticulates.

Biodegradable foams of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) for tissue engineering were fabricated by a porogen-leaching technique using ice microparticulates as the porogen material. PLLA or PLGA solution in chloroform was mixed with ice microparticulates. The mixtures were frozen by being placed in molds in liquid nitrogen and freeze-dried to form the foams. Scanning electron microscopic observation of the PLLA and PLGA foams showed that evenly distributed and interconnected pore structures were formed in these foams. The porosity and surface area of the foams increased with an increase in the weight fraction of the ice microparticulates, while the median pore size remained unchanged. The pore structures of the foams could be manipulated by controlling processing variables such as the size and weight fraction of the ice microparticulates and polymer concentration.

Biocompatible Materials↗

PubMed2001

CYP3A activity in European American and Japanese men using midazolam as an in vivo probe.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate putative differences in CYP3A activity between European American and Japanese subjects using midazolam as an in vivo probe. METHODS: Midazolam was administered orally (2 mg) to 22 young healthy Japanese men and, on a separate occasion, to 19 of these by the intravenous route (1 mg). The disposition of the drug and its 1'-hydroxy metabolite were determined and compared with data collected in a similar fashion in 20 young healthy European American men. RESULTS: Plasma concentrations of midazolam, especially those attained soon after drug administration, were higher after intravenous injection in Japanese subjects than those in European American men. This observation was associated with smaller initial (2.5-fold) and steady-state (1.8-fold) volumes of distribution for the drug; normalization for body weight only modestly reduced these differences. The systemic clearance value of midazolam was 25% lower (P < .03) in Japanese subjects, but this difference was not apparent after accounting for the smaller body weights of that group. No statistical differences were noted in the elimination half-life (t 1/2) of midazolam between European American and Japanese subjects. Much greater interindividual variability was observed after oral administration compared with intravenous administration, but significant differences were not found between the 2 groups with respect to the maximum midazolam plasma level or its oral clearance. Absolute oral bioavailability and its associated gastrointestinal and hepatic extraction ratios also showed no statistically significant interracial differences. CONCLUSIONS: On average, hepatic CYP3A, as measured by the metabolism of midazolam, is lower in young healthy Japanese men compared with similar European Americans. However, there is considerable interindividual variability, and body size appears to be an important determinant. After oral administration, even greater variability in the plasma level-time profile of midazolam is present, and no statistically significant or clinically important interracial/ethnic difference is present. Possibly because of smaller body mass and differences in body composition, midazolam has a smaller distribution volume(s) in Japanese men than in European American men that might be an important factor when drugs are administered intravenously.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2001

Tyrosine hydroxylase antisense gene therapy causes hypotensive effects in the spontaneously hypertensive rats.

We investigated the effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS ODN) against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) on hypertension and sympathetic nervous system activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) in SHR treated with TH AS ODN (50, 200 microg/rat, i.v.) was significantly lower than that of control SHR. Epinephrine and norepinephrine levels, TH activity, and TH protein levels in the adrenal medulla of SHR were reduced concomitant with TH AS ODN treatment-induced changes in SBP. In contrast, TH AS ODN (200 microg/rat) had no effect on SBP in Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), despite significantly decreased catecholamine levels, TH activity, and TH protein levels. These findings suggest that peripheral systemic injection of TH AS ODN may be effective as hypotensive therapy in SHR.

Adrenal Medulla↗

PubMed2001

Effects of estrogen on serum leptin levels and leptin mRNA expression in adipose tissue in rats.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we examined changes in serum leptin levels during the estrus cycle and the role of estrogen in these changes. METHODS: We measured serum leptin levels during normal estrus cycles in intact rats and estradiol-17beta (E2)-induced artificial estrus cycles in ovariectomized rats. RESULTS: Serum leptin levels increased 1.6-fold from 4.2 +/- 0.2 ng/ml during diestrus stage 2 to 6.7 +/- 0.9 ng/ml during proestrus stage during the 4-day estrus cycle. During the E2-induced estrus cycle, serum leptin levels increased 2.3-fold from 2.3 +/- 0.1 ng/ml at estrus to 5.4 +/- 1.2 ng/ml at proestrus. E2 also increased serum leptin concentrations and leptin mRNA expression in adipose tissue of immature rats. DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that increased serum leptin induced by estrogen during proestrus may trigger the preovulatory release of luteinizing hormone. Furthermore, our findings indicate that estrogen has a positive effect on leptin production in adipose tissue.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2001

Mechanical strain effect on bone-resorbing activity and messenger RNA expressions of marker enzymes in isolated osteoclast culture.

Adaptive modeling and remodeling are controlled by the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are capable of sensing their mechanical environments and regulating deposition or resorption of bone matrix. The effects of mechanical stimuli on isolated osteoclasts have been scarcely examined because it has proven to be difficult to prepare a number of pure osteoclasts and to cultivate them on mineralized substratum during mechanical stimulation. Recently, we developed an apparatus for applying mechanical stretching to the ivory slice/plastic plate component on which cells could be cultured. The loading frequency, strain rate, and generated strain over an ivory surface could be controlled by a personal computer. Using this apparatus, we examined the role of mechanical stretching on the bone-resorbing activity of the osteoclasts. Mature and highly enriched osteoclasts were cultured for 2, 12, and 24 h on the ivory/plate component while being subjected to intermittent tensile strain. The stretched osteoclasts showed enhanced messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of osteoclast marker enzymes, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and cathepsin K and increases of resorbed-pit formation, suggesting that the mechanical stretching up-regulated the bone-resorbing activity of the osteoclasts. A stretch-activated cation (SA-cat) channel blocker significantly inhibited the increases of the mRNA level and pit formation after 24 h of stretching. This study suggested the possibility that the mature osteoclasts responded to mechanical stretching through a mechanism involving a SA-cat channel in the absence of mesenchymal cells and, as a result, up-regulated their bone-resorbing activity.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed2001

Formation of human fibroblast aggregates (spheroids) by rotational culture.

In the current study, we attempted to form aggregates of fibroblasts by rotationally shaking, declining fibroblast-material interactions, and augmenting cell-cell interactions. In addition, to promote cell-cell interactions, the medium was supplemented with insulin, dexamethasone, and basic fibroblast growth. Under such improved culture conditions, normal neonatal human dermal fibroblasts formed spheroidal aggregates within 1 day of rotation on a rotational shaker. The aggregates that formed had irregular shapes and were composed from only several cells after 12 h. However, they became nearly spheroidal after 24 h of shaking. The aggregates were approximately 240 microm in diameter. After 36 h of shaking, their shape became more rounded and their surfaces became smoother. No evidence of necrosis in the center of the aggregates was observed, although a small number of dead cells was scattered throughout the aggregates. After 24-36 h, aggregates of normal human fibroblasts were collected and reinoculated onto a scaffold composed of polyglycolic acid. which is used commercially as a scaffold for artificial skin, coated with collagen. The aggregates were successfully trapped to the mesh of polyglycolic acid and became attached within 24 h. Therefore, the aggregates could provide an alternative method for seeding fibroblasts to scaffold for an artificial skin, such as a mesh of polyglycolic acid.

Cell Aggregation↗