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Biomedical subjects

T Togashi

Publications and source records attributed to T Togashi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

DNA diagnosis of central nervous system infection by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

A nested polymerase chain reaction method for the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was devised and applied to clinical samples. This system could detect 5 to 50 fg of the DNA from M pneumoniae and did not amplify the DNA from Mycoplasma genitalium. With this method, the sequence of this organism was detected successfully in cerebrospinal fluid samples from four of six patients and in serum samples from three of four patients with clinically and serologically confirmed mycoplasmal central nervous system infection. This strongly suggested the direct invasion of this organism into the central nervous system and the concomitant occurrence of mycoplasmaremia. The nested amplification method is considered to be simple, rapid, and sensitive without the use of radioisotopes, thereby being highly applicable as a useful tool in routine clinical laboratories for the preliminary detection and diagnosis of mycoplasmal infections, particularly in extrapulmonary cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies reactive with melatonin.

Monoclonal antibodies(moAbs) reactive with melatonin(MT) were produced using MT, coupled to bovine serum albumin(BSA) with the Mannich reaction, as immunogen and conventional hybridoma techniques. Hybridoma clones secreting the moAbs were selected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system using MT-carboxymethylchitin and BSA as screening antigens. The moAbs from 6 clones were characterized by a cross-reactivity test using radioimmunoassay with 125I-labelled MT. The moAbs recognized MT but hardly recognized other analogues except for N-acetylserotonin with a crossreactivity of 0.81%. An inhibition curve for MT was obtained in the range of 50 pg to 100 ng and 1.4 ng of MT inhibited the value of the assay by half. There is interference from some unknown source in human serum.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Steroid therapy for bronchopneumonia in chronic granulomatous disease.

In general, immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids are considered to be a contraindication for immunocompromised hosts with an active infection. Recently, however, a few cases have been reported where the obstructive lesions caused by the excessive inflammation in chronic granulomatous disease were successfully resolved with corticosteroids, resulting in a remission of the infection. As we have also experienced a case in which oral corticosteroid used in combination with antibiotics had a beneficial effect on an intractable respiratory tract infection which occurred in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease, we present the case report. Although it may be very difficult to determine the candidates, we consider that in selected cases a corticosteroid therapy with concomitant use of antibiotics will be a choice for the treatment of intractable infections in chronic granulomatous disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Isolation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from seropositive hemophiliac Japanese].

We reported some biological properties of HIV-1 isolated from 16 hemophiliac Japanese and accidentally infected one mother. Peripheral mononuclear cells (PMCs) were obtained from them, one with AIDS, one with lymphadenopathy and the others were asymptomatic carriers. CD 8 depleted PMCs were obtained by panning methods. They were cocultivated with PHA-stimulated PMCs from seronegative donors. Fifteen HIV-1 isolates were obtained from 17 cases. Recovery rate was 87.5%. The replication rate of HIV-1 from AIDS patient was faster than other isolates from asymptomatic carriers. They did not from plaques on MT 4 cells. The host range study showed that all fifteen isolates infected primary macrophages and only two simultaneously infected human T cell line (MT 2). None of them showed infectivity to other T cell, B cell or monocytic cell lines. Although our study population was rather small, these results suggested that the majority of seropositive hemophiliac Japanese were already infected by HIV-1 and had the risk for the development of AIDS. Moreover, we recognized that HIV-1 from hemophiliac Japanese showed characteristic biological features, i,e, such as 1) weak cytopathic effects, 2) narrow host range and 3) tropism to primary macrophages. It is suggested that they may belong to a unique subtype of HIV-1 and their selective infectivity to primary macrophages have some relation to the clinical status of seropositive hemophiliacs. Further study is necessary to clarify these points.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Meningo-encephalitis associated with HHV-6 related exanthem subitum.

We report a 10-month-old boy with acute meningo-encephalitis associated with exanthem subitum. It has recently been reported that human herpesvirus-6 is the causative agent of exanthem subitum, and to our knowledge our case is the first report of meningo-encephalitis associated with HHV-6 infection.

Exanthema Subitum↗
PubMed1989

[Measurement of anti-HTLV-I antibody titer in cerebrospinal fluid].

Anti HTLV-I antibody was measured in 590 cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) employing a gelatin particle agglutination (PA) method. Anti HTLV-I antibody was detected in the CSFs from 24 patients (4.1%). The serum from the 24 patients also showed positive results. Out of the 24 patients, 11 cases (45.8%) had HAMs. Of the remaining patients 3 had ATLs with meningeal infiltration. Only 11 cases out of 24 patients were positive for anti HTLV-I antibodies when an immunofluorescence (IF) method was employed. This discrepancy of the results obtained by two methods may be explained by the presence of the patients whose CSFs contain anti HTLV-I antibodies of low titer. It is concluded that PA method is both sensitive and specific for the detection of anti HTLV-I antibodies in CSFs. Further, PA method is more convenient than IF method. So, it will be a very useful tool in the diagnosis of HTLV-I related neurological disorders and asymptomatic carriers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Effect of the dietary alpha-linolenate/linoleate balance on lipid compositions and learning ability of rats. II. Discrimination process, extinction process, and glycolipid compositions.

Donryu strain rats through two generations were fed semi-purified diets supplemented with safflower seed oil (rich in linoleic acid) or with perilla seed oil (rich in alpha-linolenic acid), or a conventional laboratory chow (normal control diet). Brightness-discrimination learning ability was determined to be the highest in the perilla oil-fed group, followed by the normal group, and then by the safflower group, extending our earlier observation in a different strain of rat that alpha-linolenic acid is a factor in maintaining high learning ability (Yamamoto, N., M. Saitoh, A. Moriuchi, M. Nomura, and H. Okuyama. 1987. J. Lipid Res. 28: 144-151). After the brightness-discrimination learning test was administered, extinction of learning was measured. The time required for extinction was significantly longer in the safflower group than in either the perilla group or the normal diet group. Thus, the dietary alpha-linolenate/linoleate balance affected both the learning and the extinction of learning. The glycolipids of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and olfactory lobe were analyzed. Although the fatty acid compositions of the sulfatide and gangliosides were significantly different in the three parts of the brain, relatively little difference was observed in the fatty acids of glycolipids between the safflower group and the perilla group, suggesting that gross changes in brain glycolipids are not responsible for the differences in learning abilities between these dietary groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Rat lymphoid cell lines with HTLV-I production. III. Transmission of HTLV-I into rats and analysis of cell surface antigens associated with HTLV-I.

Newborn WKA rats given a single intraperitoneal injection of MMC treated TARS-1, a rat T cell line producing HTLV-I, were shown to accumulate high titred antibodies specific for HTLV-I. Adult WKA rats rejected TARS-1 transplant with transient appearance of anti-HTLV-I antibodies. However, rats maintained under daily administration of Bredinin, an immunosuppressive drug after TARS-1 transplant showed continuous production of antibodies specific for HTLV-I by aging. Type-C virus particles similar to HTLV-I were demonstrated by electronmicroscopy in the short-term cultured spleen cells of these rats. The evidence indicates that HTLV-I can be transmitted into newborn and immunosuppressed adult rats and they may provide a suitable animal model of ATL and related conditions in man, especially for elucidating the virus-host interactions involved in the leukemogenesis of HTLV-I. By using monoclonal antibodies, cell surface antigens associated with HTLV-I were also analysed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Thirty-five cases of tuberculosis in childhood].

Thirty five children with tuberculosis admitted to the Hokkaido University Hospital from 1970 through 1984 wer reviewed. They were 7 cases of meningeal tuberculosis, 8 of military tuberculosis, 15 of primary tuberculosis and 5 of adult type pulmonary tuberculosis. Fifteen (43%) of the 35 cases were below 2 years, and over half of these younger cases were hematogenous spread such as meningeal and military types. Instead of hematogenic spread in these cases, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and CRP stayed in moderate values. Thirty one (91.2%) of the 34 cases having precise record had no history of BCG inoculation. Over half of the cases were infected from adults in the immediate household, and the sources of infection were found after the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis in about half of these cases. Although incidence of the childhood tuberculosis are decreasing in recent years, childhood tuberculosis resulting hematogenous spread with poor prognosis in advanced state still exists, so it is important to remark the childhood tuberculosis at out patient clinics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Rat lymphoid cell lines with human T cell leukemia virus production. I. Biological and serological characterization.

Cocultivation of spleen cells, lymph node cells, and thymocytes of female Wistar-King-Aptekman rats with short-term cultured male adult T cell leukemia (ATL) cells in the presence of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) resulted in the establishment of rat lymphoid cell lines, TARS-1, TARL-2, and TART-1. Cytogenetic analysis of the three cell lines showed a female rat karyotype with 42 chromosomes. The surface phenotypes of TARS-1 and TART-1 were those of rat T cells. TARL-2 was only positive for rat Ia and leukocyte common antigens. The cell lines continuously produced a type C retrovirus, human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV) and expressed ATL-associated antigens. TARS-1 and TART-1, but not TARL-2 were transplantable into newborn syngeneic rats and nude mice. These results strongly indicate that HTLV not only immortalizes, but also transforms rat T cells in vitro. Adult rats immunized with either TARS-1 or TARL-2 produced antibodies specific for HTLV. The biochemical analysis of the antigens that reacted with rat sera revealed that they are the two HTLV-specific polypeptides, p24 and p28.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Studies on an outbreak of hepatitis A in an institution for the mentally retarded children].

The outbreak of hepatitis A occurred in an institution for the mentally retarded children in Bibai city. Hepatitis A virus infection was observed in 50 of 144 children who were sensitive to HAV (infection rate 34.7%). Clinical findings and severe liver dysfunction were seen in 30 of 50 cases and the rate of apparent infection was 60.0%. The route of infection was thought to be water-borne in bathing or contact infection in each room. Food-borne infection was excluded, as all children had eaten same food. Human serum globulin for protection against hepatitis A was administered and was effective to prevent the manifestation of hepatitis A. The rate of apparent infection was decreased 92.9% (26/28 cases) to 18.1% (4/22 cases) after administration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Five measles virus antigens demonstrated by use of mouse hybridoma antibodies in productively infected tissue culture cells.

Mouse hybridoma antibodies against 5 different structural components of measles virus were used in immune fluorescence tests to characterize the appearance of viral antigens in productively infected cell cultures. The antibodies employed in the tests reacted specifically with the hemagglutinin (H, 79K), polymerase (P, 72K), nucleocapsid (NP, 60K) hemolysin-fusion factor (F, 41+20K) and matrix (M, 36K) proteins. Syncytia formed in lytically infected cultures and single isolated cells in persistenly infected cell cultures were both examined. Antibodies against NP and P proteins stained cytoplasmic inclusions varying in size from small dots to more confluent masses, frequently in a perinuclear position. Nuclei of infected cells contained exclusively NP antigen. Antibodies to envelope components--H, F and M--stained cytoplasmic membrane structures and also gave a granular cytoplasmic staining, especially in syncytia. Although all persistently infected cells produced NP antigen and the associated P component, they had a restricted capacity to produce demonstrable amount of envelope antigens. The occurrence of cells containing envelope antigens varied between about 50 and 5 per cent with H and F antigens giving the highest and lowest frequence values, respectively. It is proposed that a restricted capacity of cells to produce biologically active fusion protein is a prerequisite for maintaining a persistent infection in actively dividing cells in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Ocular manifestations of Kawasaki's disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome).

In a prospective study of the ocular manifestations of Kawasaki's disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) in 18 children (11 boys and seven girls, ranging in age from 5 months to 9 years), we found bilateral injection of the bulbar conjunctiva in 16, bilateral iridocyclitis in 14, superficial punctate keratitis in four, vitreous opacities in two, papilledema in two, and subconjunctival hemorrhage in one. Conjunctival injection and iridocyclitis were always bilateral, and fellow eyes always had the same degree of inflammation. There were significant correlations between ocular inflammation and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P less than .0001) and C-reactive protein level (P less than .0009). No serious ocular complications occurred.

Blood Sedimentation↗