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T Toge

Publications and source records attributed to T Toge.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Dependency on sex hormone in human esophageal cancer--measurement of the androgen receptor in resected specimens].

Clinically it is well known that the incidence of esophageal cancer is much higher in men that in women. Further, the prognosis of the esophageal cancer is worse for men than for women. This seems to be dependent on the difference of environment of the sex steroid. In this paper, the androgen receptor (AR) has been measured in 21 cases of human esophageal cancer. Two cases of esophageal cancer that were implanted into nude mice were AR positive. In this EH-1 cell line, the binding sites were increased and the tumor growth was enhanced by testosterone administration, but the tumor growth was not inhibited by estrogen administration.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Role of the spleen on immunosuppression in esophageal and gastric cancer.

To elucidate the role of the spleen on immunosuppression of gastric and esophageal cancer, suppressor cell activities of spleen cells (SCs), splenic vein lymphocytes (SVLs) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were investigated. Concanavalin-A induced suppressor cell (Con-AS) activity of SCs was significantly higher in patients with gastric cancer than in those with benign diseases. Higher Con-AS activity of SCs was observed in esophageal cancer patients with tumors located in the lower portion of the esophagus. In comparison with suppressor activities of SCs and SVLs, the decrease of the predominance of suppressor precursors in SCs and the increase of the spontaneously activated suppressor cells in SVLs were noted with the advance of the tumors. Culture supernatants from splenic adherent cells significantly induced suppressor cell activities as well as did sera from splenic venous blood. From these results, it is concluded that the generation of suppressor precursors in the spleen is dependent on the location of tumors and that the maturation of suppressor cells occurs in the spleen by factors released from splenic adherent cells, then migrates into the peripheral blood.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A cohort study on second malignancies in gastrectomized patients with gastric cancer. I. Second malignancies other than cancer of the gastric remnant.

In a retrospective cohort study, a total of 235 (2.32 per cent) second malignancies were clinically observed in 10,138 patients during the average 8.8-year follow-up period. The patients had undergone gastrectomy for gastric cancer during 1960-1975, in seven different institutions. This observed number was smaller than the expected one of 340.9 (p less than 0.01). Among the 235, cancers of the gastrointestinal tract (111) were the most frequent and followed by respiratory (54) and urogenital (25) cancers. Twelve cases of malignant lymphoma and five of leukemia were also noted. With regard to adjuvant chemotherapeutic agents such as mitomycin-C (MMC), 5-fluorouracil (5FU) or its derivative Tegafur, and cyclophosphamide (EDX), no significant differences in the rate of second malignancies were obtained between the chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy groups. The occurrence rate of second malignancies tended to be higher in the Billroth II group than in the Billroth I, the significance of which is yet to be determined.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A cohort study on second malignancies in gastrectomized patients with gastric cancer. II. Second malignancies in the gastric remnant.

In a retrospective cohort study, a total of 22 (0.22 per cent) carcinomas of the gastric remnant were clinically observed, as second malignancies, in 7,672 patients during the average of a 9.4-year follow-up period. All had undergone distal subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer from 1960-1975 in seven different institutions. Of 22 carcinomas of the gastric remnant, 5 were at the anastomotic site, 14 distant from the anastomosis; the location was unknown in three. All five carcinomas of the anastomotic site occurred after Billroth II operation. Time intervals between the first operation and the occurrence of second cancer varied from two to 21 years. With regard to the administration of adjuvant chemotherapeutic agents such as mitomycin-C (MMC), 5-fluorouracil (5FU) or its derivative Tegafur, no significant differences in the rate of second malignancies were obtained between the chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy groups. The occurrence rate of cancer of the gastric remnant between Billroth I and Billroth II groups showed no statistically significant difference, although it did tend to be slightly higher in the latter.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Prediction of individual tumor chemosensitivity in subrenal capsule assay.

Fifty-three tumor specimens, including thirty-one stomach and seven esophageal cancers, were examined to determine the individual tumor sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. Using the subrenal capsule assay (SRC assay), tumor specimens were implanted under the renal capsule of male, 8 week old ddY mice, after cutting the tissues into 1.5 mm cubed fragments. Following the implantations, chemotherapeutic agents were injected daily for 3 days and the relative variations of tumor weights were calculated. An 84.9 per cent of the total evaluability rate was obtained and implanted tumor specimens responded to chemotherapeutic agents in 26.7 per cent. The correlation rate between tumor sensitivity in SRC assay and clinical responses was obtained in 72.9 per cent. The predictive accuracy rate of the clinical responses was 50.0 per cent, while 100 per cent of the prediction rate of clinical resistance was obtained. With regard to upper gastro-intestinal cancers, 83.9 per cent of the evaluability rate and 18.2 per cent of response rate in SRC assay were obtained. These results indicate that this assay is equivalent to other procedures for predicting individual tumor sensitivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Clinical studies on the transabdominal resection of esophagocardial cancer and cervical anastomosis using bypass methods. Analysis of data on 76 patients.

Transabdominal resection for esophagocardial cancer and reestablishment of alimentary continuity using bypass methods were performed in 76 patients. Thirteen underwent a bypass with a gastric tube and in 30, a colonic segment was prepared. In the remaining 33, a jejunal segment was used as a bypass organ, with considerable success. The 5 year survival rates were 68.8 per cent in those with stages (I + II), 16.5 per cent in those with stage III, 12.6 per cent in those with stage IV and 22.5 per cent in all cases, indicating similar results compared to those with cancer located in the upper third of the stomach with the limited proximal extension within the esophagocardial junction and operated on during the same period.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Blunt esophageal resection for esophagocardial cancer: blunt dissection and retrosternal esophagojejunostomy using the EEA stapler.

A transabdominal resection for esophagocardial cancer and cervical esophagojejunal anastomosis was devised by our group. Since 1973, seventy-six such operations have been done and the long-term follow up study showed a good survival rate. These findings justify our efforts to perform the operative procedure without opening the chest. To obviate cervical esophagocutaneostomy which is indispensable to this method and may contribute to complications, we altered the operative procedure to blunt dissection of the esophagus and retrosternal esophagojejunostomy, using the EEA stapler. Details of the operative procedures used for nine patients are reported herein.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Correlation between the presence of intracellular OK-432 and antitumor activity of peritoneal macrophages.

The mechanism of the generation of tumoricidal macrophages by intraperitoneal administration of OK-432 was investigated. An association between the presence of intracellular FITC-conjugated OK-432 and the increase of macrophage cytostatic activity was observed after i.p. administration of OK-432. When peritoneal exudate cells were fractionated on the basis of cell size by velocity sedimentation, a higher proportion of macrophages and a strong cytostatic activity were shown in the large cell fractions. Furthermore, in these fractions, increased numbers of macrophages with intracellular FITC conjugated and 3H-acetate labelled OK-432 were observed. Thus, the more cytocidal macrophages can be identified by the presence of intracellular microorganisms. A role for OK-432 in the direct activation of macrophages is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Reconstruction of full-thickness chest wall defects using rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap: a report of fifteen cases.

In 15 patients chest walls were excised because of recurrent breast cancer, radiation ulcer, or rib tumor. In most cases the full-thickness defect of the chest wall was about 10 x 10 cm. Reconstruction was performed using only a rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap. No patient developed circulation problems in the flap or severe flail chest, and we had successful results in all our cases. These results show that the rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap is quite effective and safe to use in the reconstruction of chest wall defects.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Comparative study of estrogen receptor assays between immunocytochemical assay using monoclonal antibody and the dextran- coated charcoal method].

Estrogen receptor (ER) was measured by the estrogen receptor-immunocytochemical assay (ER-ICA) using monoclonal antibody in 36 mammary carcinomas. Simultaneously, ER and progesterone receptor (PgR) were measured by the dextran coated charcoal (DCC) method. In ER-ICA, tumor cells with estrogen receptors were histologically observed. The proportion of ER-positive tumor cells among tumor tissues and the levels of staining intensity were also examined. Results were compared to those obtained by the dextran coated charcoal (DCC) method. Tumors were evaluated as ER-ICA-positive when they contained more than 10% ER-positive cells. ER at a level of more than 5.0 fmol/mg protein was evaluated ER-positive and PgR at more than 5.0 fmol/mg protein as PgR-positive by the DCC method. Twenty-one out of 24 ER-ICA-positive tumors were ER-positive by the DCC method, and 11 out of 12 ER-ICA-negative tumors were ER-negative by the DCC method. Correlation of ER-ICA and ER by the DCC method was 88.9%. There were 11 PgR-positive tumors, and all were included among ER-ICA-positive tumors which had a high proportion of ER-positive cells and high staining intensities.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

[Immune reactivities of lymphocytes from peripheral blood, regional lymph nodes and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer].

Immune reactivities in 174 breast cancer patients were investigated. Immune reactivities were assessed by lymphocyte responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), suppressor cell activities, sera-induced suppressor cell activities, NK activities and autologous tumor-killing activities. Low responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to PHA mitogen and an increase in the inductive activity of suppressor cells by sera were observed in breast cancer patients as compared with normal volunteers or patients with benign breast diseases. These impairments of immune reactivities were compared with those of patients with cancer of the digestive tract. Cytotoxicities against both K562 and autologous tumor cells were low or absent in the regional lymph node lymphocytes (LNL). Cytotoxicities against autologous tumor cells were absent in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. The low NK activity of LNL was not due to coexistent suppressor cells but to a lack of active NK cells and/or their precursors. NK activities of LNL were augmented by IL-2 and OK-432, suggesting usefulness for local immune therapy.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

[Sensitivity test of anticancer agents by subrenal capsule assay (SRC assay). II--Determination of tumor sensitivity by percentage inhibition of DNA protein].

Subrenal capsule assay(SRC assay) has been reported to be an effective and rapid method for predicting the tumor sensitivity of individual patients to anti-cancer agents. In order to establish a more objective method of determining sensitivity in SRC assay the DNA content was measured by the schmidt-Thannhauser-Schneider method and the protein content was estimated using Bio-Rad protein assay, after removal of a tumor implanted in the subrenal capsular space of ddY mice. Percentage inhibition of DNA/protein had a high correlation with that of relative increase of tumor weight, although three groups treated with mitomycin-C, 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide indicated different values of tumor sensitivity. From these results, the percentage inhibition of DNA/protein seems to be more objective than microscopic measurement for predicting tumor sensitivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Changes in nonspecific suppressor factors in the serum of gastric cancer patients after surgery and immunochemotherapy].

After curative surgery for gastric cancers judged macroscopically to be at stage 2 or 3, patients were divided into 4 groups by randomization. As the basic treatment, patients were given one-shot Mitomycin and Tegafur as maintenance therapy for 8 months (group A). PSK (group B), OK-432 (group C) or both PSK and OK-432 (group D) were added to the treatment of group A for 8 months. Sera were obtained from these groups of patients at 4 weeks and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after surgery. In all of these groups, values of IAP increased slightly at 4 weeks but decreased at 3 months and were maintained at such a level by 12 months. On the other hand, suppressive effects of such sera on the blastogenesis of murine spleen cells in response to PHA varied among these group. In groups A and C, the suppressive effect of sera increased after surgery and was detected continuously by 12 months. In groups B and D, in contrast, the suppressive effect disappeared from 3 to 12 months. The rise and fall of such a suppressive effect of sera may reflect the mode of action of PSK.

Female↗
PubMed1986

[In vitro phase II-III study by clonogenic assay: the combined effects of mitomycin C with alpha-interferon].

Using the human tumor clonogenic assay technique, the combined effects of mitomycin C (MMC) with alpha-interferon (HLBI) were surveyed in comparison with 33 fresh human tumor specimens. Tumors in this study were 16 gastric cancers, five breast cancers, four liposarcomas, three colon cancers, two gall bladder cancers, two esophageal cancers, and one hepatoma. When the survival fraction observed in drug combination was smaller than the multiplication of each survival fraction observed in each drug alone, the combined effects were considered to be synergistic. Twenty-two of 33 tumors (gastric cancer 11/16, breast cancer 5/5, liposarcoma 2/4, colon cancer 1/3, gall bladder cancer 2/2, esophageal cancer 1/2, and hepatoma 0/1) formed adequate colony numbers for the evaluation of combined drug effects. Synergistic effects were observed in seven tumors (three gastric cancers, one breast cancer, one gall bladder cancer, one liposarcoma and one esophageal cancer), although three tumors (one gastric cancer, one gall bladder cancer, and one colon cancer) exhibited antagonistic effects.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1986

[Development of cancer immunotherapy by a combination of biological response modifiers on the basis of their mechanism of action].

The enhancement of antitumor effects by combination of biological response modifiers (BRM) was investigated on the basis of their action mechanisms. Experimentally, significant inhibition of tumor growth by combination treatment with BRM, which eliminated immune suppressive mechanisms and in turn enhanced immune responses, was observed. Furthermore, inhibition of tumor growth was observed under conditions of uniform biorhythm in mice and the effect of modification of biorhythm was enhanced by combination with BRM. Clinically, combination treatment of plasma exchange and LAK-cell adoptive immunotherapy was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical studies on a rapid screening assay for anticancer agents with nude mice and isotopic evaluation].

A rapid method using nude mice has been established as an in vivo model for assessing the chemosensitivity of individual human tumors, in which the final evaluation is made with 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation into the treated tumor. In 234 of 289 cancers, the chemosensitivity of anticancer agents was evaluated by this method. This assay proved to be feasible in a sufficiently high percentage of human primary tumors (81.0%). The rate of positive sensitivity against all tumors was 23.8% for MMC, 12.3% for 5-FU, 29.1% for CPM and 23.5% for ADM, respectively. The sensitivity of anticancer agents varied according to the type of cancer. Correlation between the sensitivity test and the end results after chemotherapy in cases of inoperable gastrointestinal cancers was investigated, prospectively. Out of 19 cases, the 50% survival time of 11 patients treated with sensitive agents was longer than that of 8 patients treated with insensitive agents. From a prospective-correlative study carried out on 25 patients, this assay appeared to be correlated with clinical response (overall agreement, 76.0%) with specific agreements of sensitivity and resistance of 37.5% and 94.1%, respectively. From these results, it seems reasonable to conclude that this sensitivity test using a human/nude mouse system is a useful screening assay for revealing appropriate agents for the treatment of patients with cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Late results of operative removal of esophageal cancer with special reference to blunt dissection].

From 1973 to 1985, 185 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were admitted. For such advanced cases as those with penetration into the adventitia, multidisciplinary treatment with bypass surgery, irradiation, hyperthermia and immunochemotherapy was preferably performed. For those with limited invasion not beyond the adventitia, esophagectomy was performed as a first choice. For carcinoma of the lower thoracic and abdominal esophagus, blunt dissection of the thoracic esophagus was undertaken associated with reconstruction of the alimentary tract using a gastric tube via the posterior mediastinum. Of the 185 patients 90 (48.6%) underwent esophagectomy and 77 (41.6%) bypass surgery. Five-year survival rates after operative removal were 69.2% in stage 0, 40.1% in stages I + II, 38.9% in stage III, 4.5% in stage IV and 30.4% overall.

Aged↗