Biomedical subjects

T Toscano Márquez

Publications and source records attributed to T Toscano Márquez.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

[Test on knowledge about climacteric: development and validation process].

OBJECTIVE: To construct and validate a test of knowledge about the menopause. SETTING: The context for use of this test is the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. METHOD: 1. Construction of the theoretical universe through the Delphi Technique. 2. Weighting of each of the dimensions of the theoretical universe. 3. Formulation and selection of the conceptual elements to introduce into the questionnaire and formulation of the corresponding items. 4. Selection of items and analysis of their internal consistency, homogeneity, stability and equivalence after a pilot study. PARTICIPANTS: The questionnaire's pilot study was run with 150 Andalusian women, chosen through sampling by quotas of age, habitat and educational background. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: A questionnaire with 56 true and false (T/F) items grouped in four dimensions was obtained: biological aspects (14 items), psychological and social aspects (14), health risks linked to the menopause (6), care and preventive and health-improvement activities at the menopause (22). Its validity and reliability were determined by the following results: internal consistency and overall homogeneity (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86); stability or absence of significant differences at the moment the questionnaire is run (Student's t = 1.09; p = 0.28); intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.753; equivalence or absence of bias of the questioners (Student's t = 1.09; p = 0.28), ICC = 0.761. CONCLUSIONS: The results lead us to conclude that the instrument is stable, allowing for the independence of the time and questioner variables, with high internal consistency and representing well the conceptual elements that shape the theoretical universe.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Evaluation of knowledge about climacteric in Andalusian women].

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the level of knowledge about the menopause of Andalusian women between 30 and 60 years old; and to determine their knowledge's relationship with social and demographic variables, health service use and their position as regards the climacteric. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 770 Andalusian women between 30 and 60 was chosen, for a sample error of +/- 5% and 95% confidence interval, chosen through multi-stage sampling: at random with proportionality for province and size of habitat, and sampling by age quotas and educational background. MEASUREMENTS: The principal study variable was women's level of knowledge about the menopause, evaluated through a validated test of 56 dichotomous questions. In the descriptive analysis, the mean, standard deviation and 95% CIs were obtained; in the analysis of relationships, the test of homogeneity of means, and variance and regression analysis were used. RESULTS: On a scale of 0-56, the mean on the sample was 18.17 with a standard deviation of 14.37 (95% CI: 17.15-19.17). 57.9% of the sample polled had values of low or very low level of knowledge. In the analysis of relationships, and according to the variance analysis data, we found that the level of understanding is related (p < 0.001) to age (F = 64.21), educational background (F = 131.19), type of menopause (F = 8.94), and having received information on the menopause (F = 7.57). Of these four variables it is educational background which most explains the variability in knowledge (r = 0.52, p < 0.001). However, experience of the menopause or use of the health services for the menopause do not seem to affect knowledge about the climacteric period and its treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of knowledge of the menopause shown by the population studied demonstrates the need for Health Education on this stage of life. The relationships analysis leads us to conclude that the profile of women studied who knew most was someone with middle/high educational background, aged 30-40, who had had a surgical menopause, and had received information about the menopause.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[Maternity education in primary care. Efficacy, utility and satisfaction of pregnant women].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Maternity Education (ME) programme: improvement of previous knowledge, changes in hygiene and dietary habits, attitudes to giving birth, satisfaction with the development of the sessions and perceived use. DESIGN: Pre-test/post-test. SETTING: Urban Health Centre. PARTICIPANTS: 222 pregnant women who attended ME. 211 answered the first questionnaire, 145 also the second, and 113 all three. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Self-administered questionnaires on social and demographic profile, hygiene and diet habits and knowledge of pregnancy, birth and caring for the new-born. Satisfaction and perceived use survey. Mean overall knowledge went up by 4.97 points (CI 95%: 4.5-5.44). Age (p < 0.0001), greater educational level (p < 0.001) and not being primiparas (p < 0.001) were linked to better initial knowledge. 46.7% of smokers stopped smoking between the start of pregnancy and the start of ME. By the end 23.6% of the women smoked, with an average of 4.53 cigarettes per day. Consumption of milk products per day went up from 2.78 to 3.07 (p = 0.002). Those taking physical exercise went up from 22.4% to 57.6% (p = 0.0001). 99.5% considered the sessions very pleasant; 89%, easily understandable; and 100% took part freely in the discussions. 86.7% had little or no fear of giving birth. 92.8% found the breathing exercises useful; and 69.8% the relaxation exercises. 98.2% thought that all pregnant women should experience ME. CONCLUSIONS: Group ME is effective for improving knowledge and health habits. Pregnant women thought it useful for confronting the birth and were very satisfied with the methods used.

Family Practice↗

PubMed1997

[Health education on menopause: consensus on its contents].

OBJECTIVE: To define the standard knowledge women should have about the menopause in order to confront this stage successfully. DESIGN: Use of the Delphi technique to reach consensus with experts at a national level. PARTICIPANTS: 43 professionals were chosen from the biological, psychological and social health fields, who had professional experience in women's problems at this stage of their lives, and/or authors of books, articles, doctoral theses and other documents on the menopause. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Through three mailings, we obtained the views of 37 (86.04%) of the experts about the knowledge a woman should have of the menopause and the importance attached to each facet of this knowledge. Combining both criteria enabled us to classify the 266 Conceptual Elements (CE) that were expressed into three categories according to their relevance to women's knowledge. CONCLUSION: The Conceptual Framework on the Menopause is made up of a total of 173 CE, structured in 4 dimensions: biological aspects (23.12%), psychological and social aspects (24.8%), health risks (10.98%), and care, prevention and health promotion activities concerning the menopause (41.4%). This last dimension contained the highest percentage of specially relevant material (47.88% Level I CE).

Delphi Technique↗