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Biomedical subjects

T Tydén

Publications and source records attributed to T Tydén.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Comparison of the maternal experience and duration of labour in two upright delivery positions--a randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare two upright delivery positions at the second stage of labour in healthy primiparous women with regard to duration of the second stage of labour and maternal experience. DESIGN: A randomised controlled trial. SETTING: A county hospital delivery ward. SAMPLE: Primiparous subjects (n=271) were randomly allocated to a kneeling (n=138) or a sitting (n=133) position during the second stage of labour. A postpartum questionnaire was answered by 264/271 women (97%) participating in the trial. METHODS: Primiparous subjects were randomised to a kneeling or sitting delivery position during second stage of labour. Analysis was performed on an intention-to-treat basis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Duration of the second stage of labour. RESULTS: A comparison of the duration of the second stage of labour (kneeling 48.5 minutes+/-27.6 SD, sitting 41 minutes+/-23.4 SD) revealed no significant difference between the groups. A sitting position during the second stage of labour was associated with a higher level of delivery pain (P<0.01), a more frequent perception of the second stage as being long (P=0.002), less comfort for giving birth (P=0.03) and more frequent feelings of vulnerability (P=0.05) and exposure (P=0.02). There were no significant differences in the frequency of sphincter ruptures although a sitting position was associated with a higher degree of postpartum perineal pain (P<0.001) (Table 3). CONCLUSIONS: Kneeling and sitting upright during the second stage of labour do not significantly differ from one another in duration of the second stage of labour. In healthy primiparous women, a kneeling position was associated with a more favourable maternal experience and less pain compared with a sitting position.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2005

Fertility awareness, intentions concerning childbearing, and attitudes towards parenthood among female and male academics.

BACKGROUND: Postponing childbirth is becoming increasingly common in Western countries, especially among groups with higher education qualifications. It is relatively unknown to what extent women and men are aware of the age-related decline in female fertility. The aim was to investigate university students' intentions and attitudes to future parenthood and their awareness regarding female fertility. METHODS: Postal survey of a randomly selected sample of 222 female (74% response) and 179 male (60% response) university students. RESULTS: Female and male university students in Sweden have largely positive attitudes towards parenthood and want to have children. Women, in comparison to men, were significantly more concerned about problems related to combining work and children. Both women and men had overly optimistic perceptions of women's chances of becoming pregnant. About half of women intended to have children after age 35 years and were not sufficiently aware of the age-related decline of female fecundity in the late 30s. CONCLUSIONS: University students plan to have children at ages when female fertility is decreased without being sufficiently aware of the age-related decline in fertility. This increases the risk of involuntary infertility in this group, which is alarming in view of the great importance they put on parenthood.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Associations between pornography consumption and sexual practices among adolescents in Sweden.

Pornography consumption and sexual behaviour were studied, with an aim to investigate any associations. Participants were 718 students from 47 high school classes, mean age 18 years, in a medium-sized Swedish city. More men (98%) than women (72%) had ever consumed pornography. More male high consumers than low consumers or women got sexually aroused by, fantasized about, or tried to perform acts seen in a pornographic film (P<0.001). Three-quarters of the sample had had sexual intercourse, of which 71% reported contraceptive use at first intercourse. Anal intercourse was reported by 16%, with infrequent condom use (39%). Intercourse with a friend (adjusted odds ratio (adj. OR) 2.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27-4.12) was significantly associated with high consumption of pornography among men, while anal intercourse (adj. OR 1.99; 95% CI 0.95-4.16) and group sex (adj. OR 1.95; 95% CI 0.70-5.47) tended to be associated. A significant confounder was early age of sexual debut (adj. OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.18-1.88).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Swedish teenagers' attitudes toward the emergency contraceptive pill.

PURPOSE: To explore knowledge, attitudes toward, and experience with, the emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) among teenagers in Sweden. METHODS: A questionnaire with 23 questions concerning the students' demographics, knowledge of, attitudes toward, and experience of the ECP was delivered to a random sample of 20 classes in senior high school in two medium-sized cities in Sweden. The participation rate was 100% (n = 408). Differences in responses between teenagers in the two cities, boys and girls, theoretical and practical classes, or native Swedish and immigrant teenagers were calculated with the Chi-square test. RESULTS: The mean age was 16.5 years. Almost half (45.4%) of the teenagers had had sexual intercourse and of those, 28.3% stated that they themselves or their partner had used ECP. Four of five teenagers knew about ECP and where to obtain it if necessary. Many teenagers (67.3%) also knew that ECP prevented implantation. The main sources of information about ECP were youth clinics (n = 179) and friends (n = 159). The attitude toward using ECP in an emergency situation was positive, but the teenagers, especially girls, were restrictive as to whether ECP should be available without a prescription. The girls believed ECP could be used much more, and two-thirds of both sexes thought it could lead to negligence with ongoing contraception. Seventy-seven percent of teenagers preferred turning to a youth clinic when in need of ECP. One in four believed that concerns for side effects could deter them from using ECP. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results in the present study, the importance of counseling in this situation is confirmed. The awareness about ECP was good, but teenagers also expressed concerns about side effects. The girls were more hesitant than the boys about having ECP available over the counter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Ukrainian medical students' experiences, attitudes, and knowledge about reproductive health.

In a 1999 classroom survey of sexual behavior among 689 1st-year medical students at Donetsk State Medical University, Ukraine, 59% of the women and 83% of the men revealed they had "ever" had sexual intercourse. The mean age of first intercourse was 15.7 years for the men and 16.6 years for the women. Thirty-two percent of the students reported they did not use contraceptives at their first intercourse, and 19% said they used no contraceptives at their most recent coitus. Condoms were the most frequent means of contraception, followed by coitus interruptus. Less than 5% used oral contraceptives, and 73% of students reported being afraid to use them. About 6% of the students reported they had had sexually transmitted infections (STI) and 10% had had an abortion. Improving knowledge concerning unwanted pregnancies and STI among Ukraine's future health providers may contribute to improving reproductive health issues in general in Ukraine.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2000

A survey of patients with Chlamydia trachomatis infection: sexual behaviour and perceptions about contact tracing.

The aim of this study was to evaluate how patients with Chlamydia trachomatis infection perceived the legal enforcement of partner notification and to seek their views on legislation impinging on their own sexual behaviour. The investigation was performed at STD clinics in Stockholm, Sweden in 1997. Consecutive patients (n=192) answered a questionnaire about sexual behaviour and contact tracing. More men (40%) than women (21%) had had sexual intercourse during the past 6 months with an occasional partner. The mean number (6 months prior to this) was 2.3 partners (1-15) for men and 2.2 partners (1-21) for women. Eighteen per cent admitted to having avoided disclosing the name of their partner(s). Ninety per cent considered it beneficial that chlamydial infection was regulated and that a named partner could be forced to undergo STD testing. Partly based on this report, the government has recommended police enforcement to be removed from the legislation as a tool for contact tracing in chlamydial infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Oral contraceptives and compliance: reaction to cardiovascular alarm among users.

The effectiveness of oral contraceptives (OC) is dependent on correct daily intake as well as continuous use. The latest cardiovascular alarm in 1995 led to discontinuations, presumably due to concerns about the long-term safety of OCs. The aim of this study was to investigate women's experiences and concerns about OCs in general as well as after the latest cardiovascular alarm. In 1993 and 1996, questionnaires were offered to 645 and 644 consecutive women visiting a midwife or a gynecologist at eleven family planning clinics in order to get their first prescription of oral contraceptives or to renew their prescription. The study was carried out in Uppsala, a city in Sweden with 180000 inhabitants. In 1993, 95%, answered the questionnaire and in 1996 the corresponding figure was 92%. Change of brand was common and increased from 38% in 1993 to 44% in 1996. Mild side-effects were reported by about 25%. Concerns about oral contraceptives increased from 36% to 41% (p < 0.01), particularly regarding the risk for thrombosis. Fewer than 1% expressed this concern in 1993 but 29% did so in 1996. Negative media coverage leads to increased concerns and declining confidence among users of oral contraceptives and has to be met by adequate oral and written information by the counsellor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Emergency contraception: the user profile.

UNLABELLED: Emergency contraception (EC) has recently become available, accepted and widely used in Sweden but little is known about the characteristics and background factors of women requesting EC. METHODS: During a four-month period, consecutive women (n = 762) visiting family planning clinics to request emergency contraception filled out a questionnaire about their current need for EC. RESULTS: The user of emergency contraception was typically a nulligravid young woman (83%) but 13% had a previous history of at least one induced abortion and 41% had given birth in the past. One out of four had used EC before, and of these 20% more than once. Condom breakage was the major reason for the current need for EC but as many as 37% had not discussed the need for contraception prior to intercourse. Friends were the most important source of knowledge about EC. CONCLUSION: Women requesting emergency contraception could be anyone and emergency contraception is used to compensate for contraceptive failure in order to prevent unwanted pregnancies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of an STD-prevention program for Swedish university students.

The authors evaluated a sexually transmitted disease (STD)-prevention program that combined a mass media campaign with peer education. The program was designed to increase Swedish university students' knowledge about STDs, improve attitudes toward condom use, and tell students where to get an STD checkup. Preintervention and postintervention postal questionnaires wer used with an intervention group and two types of control groups. Responses ranged from 32% to 67% for the randomly selected students and from 93% to 99% for classroom and clinic participants. The intervention was noticed by a majority of the students (85-98%) and discussed by 43% to 57%; more women than men observed and discussed the campaign. Knowledge about STDs, where to turn for STD checkups, and the intention of having an STD checkup increased. Attitudes toward condom use were equally positive before and after the intervention. Although it was successful in attracting attention and leading to discussion of STD prevention, the campaign did not encourage students to have an STD checkup.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Increased use of condoms among female university students: a 5-year follow-up of sexual behavior.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain any changes in sexual behavior and attitudes as an indication of the impact of intensified information activities aiming at decreasing the risk of spread of sexually transmitted diseases among university students. METHODS: In 1989 questionnaires were offered to 275 consecutive female students visiting the Student Health Center. Identical questionnaires were mailed to 200 randomly selected women registered at Uppsala University. The study was repeated in 1994. The study was carried out in Uppsala, a city in Sweden with 27,000 university students. RESULTS: At the Student Health Center 241 (88%) participated in the study in 1989 and 262 (95%) in 1994. Corresponding figures in the postal survey were 137 (69%) in 1989 and 151 (76%) in 1994. Compared with the findings in 1989, in 1994 the sexual behavior was unchanged in terms of mean age at first intercourse (17.6 years), median number of life partners (3-4) and median number of sexual partners during the last 12 months (1), but the awareness of sexually transmitted diseases had increased. Their attitudes to using condoms had become more positive and the actual use of a condom had also increased both at the first intercourse and when changing partner, from 40 to 60%. Concerns about safety of oral contraceptives decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: This follow-up shows that awareness of sexually transmitted diseases and condom use had increased between 1989 and 1994, possibly as a result of intensified information efforts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Effects of specially tailored information on Swedish university students' sexual behavior.

In independent surveys concerning sexual behavior among university students in Uppsala, Sweden, in 1989 and 1990, we found that condoms were infrequently used and that up to 25% of the sexually experienced students had a history of having had at least one sexually transmitted disease (STD). We targeted an information campaign toward the same students (approximately 20,000) in 1990. Our aims were (1) to increase the knowledge of STDs and alert the students to the high frequency of STDs in the student population, (2) to encourage students to have an STD checkup at the local STD clinic, and (3) to induce a positive attitude toward condoms. We evaluated the effects of the campaign, using before and after classroom surveys, a separate survey of students who attended the STD clinic, and a focus group analysis. Although the information campaign was successful, in that students became more aware of STDs and showed increased knowledge about the high frequency of STDs in their own population, fewer than 1% of the target population went for an STD checkup at the local STD clinic. Overall, the campaign was well received by the students but failed to induce any measurable changes in attitudes during the short observation period.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Maternal health care program and markers for late fetal death.

OBJECTIVE: To identify markers for late fetal death, a multicenter study was performed, based on routinely obtained data from maternal health care units. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospectively recorded data were obtained from maternal health care units belonging to five delivery units. In all, 233 consecutive cases of singleton pregnancy involving late fetal death (> or = 28 weeks) were identified between 1983 and 1989. As a control for each case, the next consecutive mother giving birth to a live infant at the same delivery unit was selected, the sole matching criterium being parity. RESULTS: After exclusion of pregnancies with lethal malformations or trauma, 205 cases remained for the statistical analysis. Two main subgroups were identified: mothers with placental abruption (n = 44), and pregnancies with no obvious reason for fetal death (n = 101). An increased risk for late fetal death was evident in expectant mothers > or = 40 years (10 vs 1; chi 2 = 7.6, p < 0.01), and in smokers where an association was seen to placental abruption. A significantly increased risk was also seen in women with medical treatment for essential hypertension (8 vs 1; chi 2 = 5.6, p < 0.05). On the other hand, we found no correlation between proteinuria, glucosuria, decreasing symphysis-fundal height, or changes in the Hb, on the one hand, and late fetal demise, on the other. There was no overrepresentation of post dated pregnancy (by ultrasound early in the second trimester) among the cases. Nor did post dated pregnancies (> or = 42 weeks) estimated from first day of last menstrual period (but not post dated by ultrasound) imply a higher rate of fetal death, as has been suggested in previous studies. CONCLUSION: In the present material, there was no sign of systematic error in the evaluation of data routinely obtained from the antenatal clinics and maternity units. Apart from placental abruption in smokers, a high maternal age, and medical treatment for essential hypertension, deviating data were recorded as often among controls as among cases. No correlation was evident between a post date pregnancy and fetal demise. A short symphysis-fundal height was recorded as often among controls as among cases and the even distribution of fetal birthweight in case pregnancies around the standard curve for the normal population is noteworthy.

Abruptio Placentae↗
PubMed1994

No relation between maternal weight gain and stillbirth.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the relationship between stillbirth in singleton pregnancy (> or = 28 weeks gestation) and maternal weight (weight gain) from 24 completed weeks. METHODS: All fetal deaths (n = 210) at five delivery units during seven years in southern Sweden were analysed. To each case a control mother was selected, the only matching criteria being parity and place of delivery. Regression analysis was used for comparison of body weight gain in cases and controls. RESULTS: Mothers experiencing stillbirth had a significantly lower mean body weight at 24 weeks gestation than control mothers (63.5 kg vs 67.3 kg; t = 2.4, p < 0.05). No significant difference between cases and controls was found in mean weight gain during pregnancy from 24 completed gestational weeks to delivery, even when the last three measurements before delivery for cases and controls were compared separately. CONCLUSION: There is no difference in body weight gain between mothers with stillbirth and mothers giving birth to a live infant.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Sexual behavior among adolescents in Uppsala, Sweden.

The purpose of this study was to compare the sexual behavior of Swedish teenagers in the late 1980s with that in the late 1970s, when a similar study was performed in the same city. Another aim was to discover differences between boys and girls, smokers and nonsmokers, and pupils in theoretical and practical classes. A total of 383 high-school students answered a questionnaire about their sexual behavior, education, and attitudes. Almost one-half of the teenagers had already had intercourse. The median age at sexual debut was about 17 years. Among girls who had had intercourse, the median age at debut was lower than 10 years ago. A majority stated that their sexual behavior had been affected by the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) debate. This was, however, not clearly seen in their sexual behavior. Intercourse seemed to take place earlier in the relationship than 10 years ago, and the wish for more sexual experience had increased. The use of alcohol at the time of first intercourse had decreased significantly. Only 2% thought that they had too much sex education at school. As many as 41% felt they could not talk about sex with their parents. Efforts should be made both to enhance the quantity of sex education at school and to improve its quality. This might increase the chances of young people avoiding unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗