Eradication of Helicobacter pylori with a Chinese herbal medicine without emergence of resistant colonies.
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Amoxicillin↗
Biomedical subjects
T Uchida
Publications and source records attributed to T Uchida.
Synthesis of polystyrene nanospheres having lactose-conjugated hydrophilic polymers on their surfaces and carbohydrate recognition by proteins.
We prepared a poly(vinylamine)-grafted polystyrene nanosphere by the free radical polymerization of poly(N-vinylacetamide) macromonomer and styrene with AIBN in ethanol and subsequent acid hydrolysis. We conjugated lactose on the nanosphere by an amide linkage and found that the lactose was recognized by a galactose-specific lectin RCA120, which was analyzed by enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA). The binding ability of the lectin to lactose on the nanosphere was at least 10(2) times larger than that to a monomeric lactose. Binding ability was clearly affected by the lactose density on the nanosphere and showed a maximum value at the suitable surface density of lactose. We found that the carbohydrate-conjugated nanosphere would be a useful biomaterial for a site specific drug carrier.
Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
Relationship between levels of aspartate aminotransferase in gingival crevicular fluid and conventional measures of periodontal status assessed using PocketWatch: a cross-sectional study.
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine, using PocketWatch, the relationship between the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and conventional measures of periodontal status, such as probing depth, attachment level, bleeding on probing and gingival index, in patients with untreated chronic periodontitis. A total of 15 patients with chronic periodontitis were enrolled. Their periodontal status and AST levels in their GCF were measured (n = 93) and statistically analyzed. There was a statistically significant difference in AST levels between diseased periodontal sites and healthy sites (p < 0.0001). The coefficients of correlation between AST levels and probing depth, attachment level and gingival index at all sites were 0.436, 0.266 and 0.468 (Spearman rank correlation). The correlation coefficients were too small to show a definite relationship between AST levels and individual measures of clinical periodontal status. However, AST levels may help to confirm clinical observations in patients with chronic periodontitis before therapy, since AST levels differentiate active and inactive periodontal diseased sites.
Adult↗
[Histological characteristics and clinical significance of Japanese prostate cancer with low levels of prostate specific antigen of 4.0 ng/ml or lower].
PURPOSE: They set a normal limit of prostate specific antigen (PSA) to 4.0 ng/ml in Tandem R assay at most institutions. We investigated clinical and histological characteristics of prostate cancer based on whole mount step-section histology of radical prostatectomy specimens, and taking notice of Japanese prostate cancer whose levels of PSA are less than 4.0 ng/ml in normal levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty-two patients underwent radical prostatectomy for clinically resectable prostate cancer at University Hospital from February 1992 to April 1997. Clinicopathological findings were stratified according to the preoperative PSA levels in 111 patients without preoperative endocrine therapy. Immunohistochemical study for PSA was conducted in 7 randomly selected patients. RESULTS: Of the patients 22 (19.8%) had normal (4.0 ng/ml or lower) preoperative serum PSA. Mean tumor volume in this PSA range was 1.5 cm3 with one pT 0 case included. Pathologically organ confined, potentially curable disease (< pT 3) was found in 17 (77.3%) patients and extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion in 5 (23.8%), respectively. No patients had positive pelvic lymph nodes. Well differentiated tumors of Gleason scores 2-4 were found in 9 (40.9%) of the patients, moderately differentiated tumors (Gleason scores 5, 6) in 5 (22.7%) and poorly differentiated histology (Gleason scores 7-10) in 7 (31.8%). Sixteen (72.7%) patients had clinically significant tumors (> 0.5 cm3, Gleason score > or = 7). All 7 patients had positive staining for PSA, but its intensity did not correlate with serum PSA levels. CONCLUSIONS: Many prostate cancers found in surgical specimens were clinically significant despite the low levels of PSA and potentially curable by definitive treatment. Age, co-morbidity and other clinicopathological variables as well as PSA levels should all be taken into account when treatment options are discussed.
Aged↗
[p53 tumor suppressor gene mutation and prognosis in 105 cases of bladder cancer--the relationship between mutation of the p53 gene with clinicopathological features and smoking].
PURPOSE: Alterations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene are the most common genetic change detected in human cancers. The incidence of p53 gene mutation in bladder tumor patients were studied and were compared with clinicopathological findings, smoking history and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was used for analysis from exon 4 to 9 of p53 gene in 105 cases of primary bladder tumors. RESULT: p53 matations were detected in 38 or 105 patients (36.2%). Kaplan-Meier Survival curves fo groups wit or without p53 gene mutation show a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0098). The mutation of p53 gene in stages pT 1 pT 1. pT 2, pT 3, pT 4 was found in 2 of 12 (16.7%), 8 of 32 (25.0%), 10 of 25 (40.0%), 12 of 20 (60.0%), 6 of 16 (37.5%) and in grades I, II, III, was noted in 1 of 17 (5.9%), 16 of 49 (32.7%), 21 of 39 (53.8%) cases, respectively. Significant differences were found for groups with grade I and grade II-III (p = 0.0045) cancers and in cases of superficial (stage pTa-1) and muscle-invasive (pT 2-4) tumors (p = 0.0148). However, mutation of p53 was not related to either age or sex in 105 patients. Recurrence rates in stage pTa-1 superficial tumor group with or without p53 mutation showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0419). No statistically significant difference was noted between p53 mutation and habitual smoking as well as durations of smoking. CONCLUSIONS: p53 mutations occur more commonly in higher grades and later stages of bladder tumors. Our results suggest that the prognostic factor is linked to not only histological findings but also to the presence of p53 mutation. The mutations of the p53 gene may be involved in the late events of tumorigenesis and might be used as good molecular markers for prognosis in bladder tumor.
Aged↗
Endoscopic ultrasonography images of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type (MALT) lymphoma after Helicobacter pylori eradication.
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Aged↗
[Cardiac events in vasospastic angina: site and morphology of coronary artery spasm is related to the long-term prognosis of vasospastic angina].
To determine whether the site and morphology of coronary artery spasm provoked with acetylcholine can predict the long-term prognosis of vasospastic angina, coronary artery spasm (more than 90% narrowing) provoked with acetylcholine was studied in 66 consecutive patients (56 males, 10 females, mean age 56 +/- 9 years) with vasospastic angina. All patients were followed for 6.7 +/- 0.9 years and the incidence of cardiac events such as sudden death, myocardial infarction or worsened unstable angina was compared with the site and morphology of provoked spasm. The site of spasm was regarded as proximal when spasm occurred in the proximal site of 3 major coronary arteries which was designated as segment 1, 6 or 11, according to the classification of the American Heart Association, and distal in other segments. The morphology of spasm was classified into 3 types, focal (12 cases, localized more than 90% narrowing with adjoining parts constricting less than 25%), diffuse (17 cases, diffuse more than 90% narrowing), and intermediate (37 cases, localized more than 90% narrowing with adjoining parts constricting 25-90%). The site of spasm was classified into 2 types, the proximal group (24 cases) and the distal group (42 cases). Cardiac events occurred in 7 patients during the follow-up period: sudden death in 2, myocardial infarction in 2, and worsened unstable angina in 3. As to the site of spasm, the incidence of cardiac events was 21% (5/24 patients) in the proximal group, significantly higher than 5% (2/42) in the distal group (p < 0.05). As to the site of spasm, the incidence of cardiac events was 41% (5/12) in the focal group, significantly higher than 3% (1/37) in the intermediate group and 6% (1/17) in the diffuse group (p < 0.001). The presence of proximal and focal coronary artery spasm was associated with a significantly higher incidence of cardiac events. The site and morphology of coronary artery spasm provoked with acetylcholine is related to the long-term prognosis of vasospastic angina.
Acetylcholine↗
Hypermethylation of p15(INK4B) gene in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia evolved from paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
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Acute Disease↗
Heme environmental structure of CooA is modulated by the target DNA binding. Evidence from resonance Raman spectroscopy and CO rebinding kinetics.
In order to investigate the gene activation mechanism triggered by the CO binding to CooA, a heme-containing transcriptional activator, the heme environmental structure and the dynamics of the CO rebinding and dissociation have been examined in the absence and presence of its target DNA. In the absence of DNA, the Fe-CO and C=O stretching Raman lines of the CO-bound CooA were observed at 487 and 1969 cm-1, respectively, suggesting that a neutral histidine is an axial ligand trans to CO. The frequency of nu(Fe-CO) implies an open conformation of the distal heme pocket, indicating that the ligand replaced by CO is located away from the bound CO. When the target DNA was added to CO-bound CooA, an appearance of a new nu(Fe-CO) line at 519 cm-1 and narrowing of the main line at 486 cm-1 were observed. Although the rate of the CO dissociation was insensitive to the additions of DNA, the CO rebinding was decelerated in the presence of the target DNA, but not in the presence of nonsense DNA. These observations demonstrate the structural alterations in the heme distal site in response to binding of the target DNA and support the activation mechanism proposed for CooA, which is triggered by the movement of the heme distal ligand to modify the conformation of the DNA binding domain.
Bacterial Proteins↗
A new cytokine-dependent monoblastic cell line with t(9;11)(p22;q23) differentiates to macrophages with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and to osteoclast-like cells with M-CSF and interleukin-4.
Monocytes/macrophages exert a series of important functions in vivo. To facilitate detailed investigation of their functional capacity and the mechanism leading to their differentiation, several cell lines have been established from primary material. We present here a new human monoblastic cell line, designated UG3. UG3 cells are characterized by the following features. (1) UG3 cells harbor the t(9;11)(p22;q23) translocation that results in fusion of the MLL and the AF9 genes and produce the corresponding AF9-MLL and MLL-AF9 fusion transcripts. (2) UG3 cells rely on the presence of exogenous growth factors for viability and proliferation, such as interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), or macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). (3) When cultured in the presence of G-CSF, UG3 cells differentiate along the granulocytic lineage, as evidenced by segmentation of nuclei and positive staining for neutrophilic alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase. (4) When cultured in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, UG3 cells differentiate into mature macrophages while preserving surface expression of CD14 and CD68 and also start to release cytokines into cell-culture supernatants. Under these culture conditions, UG3 cells also take up acetylated LDL. (5) When cultured in the presence of M-CSF and IL-4, UG3 cells differentiate into osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells capable of bone resorption and display tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. UG3 cells thus provide features to qualify them as a useful model to further investigate the mechanism underlying these processes and also to further elucidate the functional role of mature monocytes/macrophages or osteoclasts.
Adult↗
Irregular regeneration of hepatocytes and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis with hepatitis-C-virus infection.
BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) commonly develops in patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver caused by hepatitis-C-virus (HCV) infection. We prospectively studied whether irregular regeneration of hepatocytes is a risk factor for HCC in these patients. METHODS: 242 patients were enrolled after liver biopsy and followed up by ultrasonographic scanning every 3 months. We examined age, sex, platelet count, the diagnosis of cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis, liver-cell dysplasia, and irregular regeneration. We classified irregular regeneration as slight or severe, based on histological expression of pleiomorphism, anisocytosis, bulging, and map-like distribution of hepatocytes. FINDINGS: 37 of 63 patients with cirrhosis and 26 of 179 with chronic hepatitis were judged to have severe irregular regeneration. HCC was diagnosed in 33 of 63 patients with cirrhosis (29 had severe irregular regeneration) and 12 of 179 patients with chronic hepatitis (11 had severe irregular regeneration) during mean follow-up of 5.5 years (SD 4.1; range 1-16). Multivariate analysis with a proportional-hazards model showed severe irregular regeneration (relative risk 15.1 [95% CI 5.6-40.7], p<0.0001) and a diagnosis of cirrhosis (3.8 [1.7-8.2], p=0.0008) to be significant risk factors for HCC. Within the diagnostic categories, irregular regeneration was also significant (cirrhosis 6.8 [2.1-21.9], p=0.0014; chronic hepatitis 28.5 [2.9-276.4], p=0.0038). INTERPRETATION: We recommend that liver biopsy to look for irregular regeneration should be done in patients with HCV-related chronic liver diseases. Those with severe irregular regeneration should be followed up carefully.
Adult↗
The postspinel phase boundary in Mg2SiO4 determined by in situ X-ray diffraction
The phase boundary between spinel (gamma phase) and MgSiO3 perovskite + MgO periclase in Mg2SiO4 was determined by in situ x-ray measurements by a combination of the synchrotron radiation source (SPring-8) and a large multianvil high-pressure apparatus. The boundary was determined at temperatures between 1400 degrees to 1800 degreesC, demonstrating that the postspinel phase boundary has a negative Clapeyron slope as estimated by quench experiments and thermodynamic analyses. The boundary was located at 21.1 (+/-0.2) gigapascals, at 1600 degreesC, which is approximately 2 gigapascals lower than earlier estimates based on other high-pressure studies.
Journal Article↗
Altered nuclear activation parameters of rat sperm treated in vitro with chromatin-damaging agents.
Standard semen measures do not assess the genetic integrity of sperm. A human sperm activation assay (HSAA) has proven very useful for assessing sperm quality and predicting pregnancy outcome. The HSAA involves incubating permeabilized sperm in cytoplasmic extracts of Xenopus laevis frog eggs. The extracts activate sperm nuclei, which undergo chromatin decondensation, DNA synthesis, and chromatin recondensation, mimicking events that occur after fertilization in vivo. However, no animal model sperm activation assay has been reported. We hypothesize that sperm activation assays will be useful for studying molecular mechanisms of sperm DNA repair by egg cytoplasm and for screening sperm for damaged DNA. Thus, the objectives of this study were to develop an in vitro rat sperm activation assay (RSAA) using cytoplasmic extracts of X. laevis frog eggs and to determine how chemically damaging the sperm chromatin would affect two sperm activation parameters, chromatin decondensation and DNA synthesis. We incubated demembranated rat sperm in a cytoplasmic extract of X. laevis frog eggs supplemented with tritiated thymidine triphosphate ([3H]TTP). The activated sperm nuclei underwent chromatin decondensation and DNA synthesis. Decondensation kinetics were examined using image analysis to measure the size of the sperm nuclei as they decondensed. DNA synthesis kinetics were examined using autoradiography of incorporated [3H]TTP. To investigate how chemical damage affects nuclear activation, we treated rat sperm in vitro with ethylene glycolbis(sulfosuccinimidyl-succinate; SEGS), a reversible crosslinking agent, or hydroxylamine (HA), a DNA base modifier. Treatment with SEGS blocked decondensation in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, treatment with HA enhanced decondensation, induced gross chromatin abnormalities, and increased [3H]TTP incorporation into activated sperm nuclei, responses consistent with an attempt by the egg cytoplasm to repair DNA damage. These results suggest that the RSAA may be useful for detecting damaged sperm chromatin as a result of toxicant exposure.
Animals↗
Indications for colonic J-pouch reconstruction after anterior resection for rectal cancer: determining the optimum level of anastomosis.
PURPOSE: Functional outcome after anterior resection for rectal cancer is improved by colonic J-pouch reconstruction compared with straight anastomosis. The indications for colonic J-pouch reconstruction have yet to be determined. Therefore, we attempted to determine the level at which J-pouch reconstruction provides an advantage over straight anastomosis. METHODS: A total of 48 patients who underwent 5-cm colonic J-pouch reconstruction (J-pouch group) and 80 patients who underwent straight anastomosis (straight group) underwent functional assessment one year postoperatively. RESULTS: The functional outcome in the J-pouch group was significantly better than that in the straight group when the distance of the anastomosis from the anal verge was less than 8 cm. The difference was particularly obvious when the level of the anastomosis was below 4 cm. However, functional outcome in the straight group when the anastomosis was between 9 and 12 cm from the anal verge was also satisfactory and did not differ from that in the J-pouch group when the anastomosis was between 5 and 8 cm from the anal verge. CONCLUSIONS: Colonic J-pouch reconstruction is indicated when the distance of anastomosis from the anal verge is less than 8 cm, and it is essential when the distance is less than 4 cm.
Adult↗
Indication for using high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery in rectal cancer surgery. Examination of nodal metastases by the clearing method.
PURPOSE: In surgery for rectal cancer, it is unclear whether the inferior mesenteric artery should be ligated at a high or low position. The study contained herein was undertaken to clarify the indications for high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery. METHODS: Subjects included 198 patients with rectal cancer who underwent resection with high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery. Nodal metastases were examined by the clearing methods. RESULTS: The incidence of metastases to the lymph nodes surrounding the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery (root nodes) was 8.6 percent. Inferior mesenteric artery root nodal metastases occurred more frequently with pT3 and pT4 cancer. The five-year survival rate in patients with inferior mesenteric artery root nodal metastases was 38.5 percent; this rate was significantly lower than in those without inferior mesenteric artery root nodal metastases (73.4 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Although the five-year survival rate in patients with inferior mesenteric artery root nodal metastases was lower than in those without metastases, inferior mesenteric artery root nodal dissection should be performed after high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery for patients with pT3 and pT4 cancers.
Humans↗
Results from pelvic exenteration for locally advanced colorectal cancer with lymph node metastases.
PURPOSE: We examined the survival benefit of pelvic exenteration for locally advanced colorectal cancer with lymph node metastases, because this issue remains controversial. METHODS: Medical records of 50 patients who underwent curative pelvic exenteration for colorectal cancer were reviewed retrospectively. Nodal metastases were examined by the clearing method in 29 patients and by the conventional manual method in 21 patients. RESULTS: Invasion to contiguous pelvic organs was present in 40 patients (80 percent) and absent in 10 patients (20 percent). Node metastases were present in 33 patients (66 percent). Operative morbidity and mortality rates were 22 percent (11 patients) and 6 percent (3 patients), respectively. Respective five-year survival rates were 60 and 80 percent in the groups with and without organ invasion (no significant difference). Five-year survival rates in patients with nodal metastases was 54.6 percent but was significantly higher, 82.4 percent, in patients without nodal metastases. Five-year survival in 28 patients with both organ invasion and nodal metastases was 53.6 percent. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term survival was afforded by pelvic exenteration for locally advanced colorectal cancer with nodal metastases.
Colorectal Neoplasms↗
Anterior resection following posterior transsacral stapling and transection of the anal canal for low-lying rectal cancer in males.
In anterior resection with anastomosis using the double-staple technique for low-lying rectal cancer in male patients, the approach to the anal canal with a stapling instrument via the abdominal area is limited by the narrow pelvis. The stapling and transection of the anal canal via the posterior transsacral approach prior to performing an anterior resection thus enables the lower rectum and anal canal to be visualized, so that the anal canal can be accurately stapled and transected even in male patients with a narrow pelvis.
Anal Canal↗
[Congenital bronchial atresia complicated with severe cough--a case report].
A 37-year-old woman presented severe cough for several years. Chest X-ray showed an abnormal shadow in the right upper lung field. That was absent but hyperlucent before onset. Chest CT scan revealed a mass shadow with mucoid impaction in the right S2. Thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy dramatically improved her complaints. Histological examination revealed the dilated bronchus containing mucoid impaction and confirmed a diagnosis of congenital bronchial atresia. It was suggested that organizing pneumonia resulting from repeated infection caused severe cough. Thoracoscopic surgery for congenital bronchial atresia should be recommended in young patients.
Adult↗