Intragastric endoscopic surgery using the transanal endoscopic microsurgery technique.
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Endoscopy↗
Biomedical subjects
T Uchikawa
Publications and source records attributed to T Uchikawa.
Possible involvement of calmodulin-dependent kinases in Ca(2+)-dependent enhancement of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine uptake in rat cortex.
Effects of Ca2+ on [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake into rat cortical synaptosomes were studied. The uptake was enhanced in the presence of Ca2+ in Krebs-Ringer medium and the uptake at 0.3-5 mM Ca2+ was 2.4-2.7 times greater than that observed in the absence of Ca2+. The maximal increase at the concentration of 1 mM Ca2+ was achieved after 2 min preincubation. Ca(2+)-dependent enhancement of the [3H]5-HT uptake reflected an increase in Vmax of the uptake process. However, Kd and Bmax values for [3H]paroxetine were not significantly changed in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+ compared with Ca(2+)-free condition. On the other hand, uptake was still enhanced after synaptosomes were washed with Ca(2+)-free after preincubation with 1 mM Ca2+. Staurosporine (a protein kinase C inhibitor) and wortmannin (a myosin light chain kinase inhibitor) did not affect Ca(2+)-dependent enhancement of the uptake, whereas 1-[N,O-bis(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazin e (KN-62, an inhibitor of Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase II) and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride (W-7, a calmodulin antagonist) significantly reduced it. Moreover, L-type, but not P- or N-type, voltage-dependent Ca(2+)-channel blockers suppressed enhancement of the uptake. These results indicate that Ca(2+)-dependent enhancement of [3H]5-HT uptake is mediated by activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, suggesting a possibility of calmodulin-dependent regulation of in vivo 5-HT uptake.
Animals↗
Relationship between morphological diversity and AgNORs or cathepsin B expression in colorectal cancers.
The biological characteristics associated with the morphological diversity of colorectal cancers were investigated to elucidate the causes of this diversity. We examined the proliferative and infiltrating activity of tumor cells, indicated by the mean number of Ag nucleolar organizer region associated proteins (NORs) per nucleus (MNA) and the immunohistochemical response to cathepsin B(CB), in various morphological types of early and advanced colorectal cancers. We examined 73 colorectal cancers obtained by endoscopic and surgical resection. MNA values for sessile and flat-elevated cancers were greater than the values for pedunculate, subpedunculate, and flat-or-depressed early cancers (sessile, P < 0.05). In advanced cancers invading the muscularis propria, protruding cancers showed significantly higher MNA values than small ulcerative cancers (P < 0.01). CB expression increased significantly with the progression of colorectal cancers (P < 0.01), but was not related to morphological diversity in early and advanced cancers. In both sessile and flat cancers, CB expression was higher in moderately differentiated than in well differentiated adenocarcinomas. These results indicate that, in colorectal cancers, protruding early cancers without stalks and protruding advanced cancers have higher proliferative activity than pedunculate or flat early cancers and small ulcerative advanced cancers, respectively, and that CB expression is not associated with morphological diversity, but with depth of invasion and histological differentiation.
Analysis of Variance↗
Ca(2+)-dependent enhancement of [3H]dopamine uptake in rat striatum: possible involvement of calmodulin-dependent kinases.
We studied effects of Ca2+ in the incubation medium on [3H]dopamine ([3H]DA) uptake by rat striatal synaptosomes. Both the duration of the preincubation period with Ca2+ (0-30 min) and Ca2+ concentration (0-10 mM) in Krebs-Ringer medium affected [3H]DA uptake by the synaptosomes. The increase was maximal at a concentration of 1 mM Ca2+ after a 10-min preincubation (2.4 times larger than the uptake measured without preincubation), which reflected an increase in Vmax of the [3H]DA uptake process. On the other hand, [3H]DA uptake decreased rapidly after addition of ionomycin in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+. The Ca(2+)-dependent enhancement of the uptake was still maintained after washing synaptosomes with Ca(2+)-free medium following preincubation with 1 mM Ca2+. Protein kinase C inhibitors did not affect apparently Ca(2+)-dependent enhancement of the uptake, whereas 1(-)[N,O-bis(1,5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-L- tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazine (KN-62; a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II inhibitor) and wortmannin (a myosin light chain kinase inhibitor) significantly reduced it. Inhibitory effects of KN-62 and wortmannin appeared to be additive. N-(6-Aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride (W-7; a calmodulin antagonist) also remarkably inhibited the enhancement. These results suggest that Ca(2+)-dependent enhancement of [3H]DA uptake is mediated by activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinases.
Animals↗
Molecular characteristics of porcine thymus histone H1 variants.
We constructed an assay system to measure the annealing activity that is one of the functional features of nuclear proteins, using ssDNAs derived from M13 phage recombinants which contained a complementary 406-bp portion each. Histone H1 variants were purified from porcine thymus by separation of chromatin, extraction with 5% perchloric acid, and reversed-phase HPLC. Three types of histone H1 variants were found by analysis of amino acid composition and on SDS-PAGE. All of these could promote the annealing. According to Hill's analysis all had similar numbers of binding sites to DNA strands but dissociation constants and annealing activity were different. The number of binding sites, dissociation constants, and annealing activity were changed by dephosphorylation of histone H1 variants. This result suggests that histone H1 variants have different affinities for DNA molecules and ssDNA-annealing activity, which is regulated by phosphorylation.
Amino Acids↗
Effect of glycemic control on calcium and phosphorus handling and parathyroid hormone level in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
The present study was undertaken to determine whether improvement of hyperglycemia alters calcium and phosphorus handling, parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and bone turnover in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). We measured serum and urinary mineral levels, serum intact PTH and osteocalcin on admission and at discharge (38 +/- 3 days later, Means +/- SEM) in 28 patients with poorly-controlled NIDDM (63 +/- 2 years old, 13 males and 15 females). During the hospitalization period, glycemic control was markedly improved. Serum calcium levels remained unchanged, but serum phosphorus increased. Urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion decreased. Serum intact PTH decreased from mid-normal (30.0 +/- 2.2 ng/l) to low normal values (24.0 +/- 1.3 ng/l) (P < 0.01, normal values: 10-65 ng/l). Serum osteocalcin increased from 4.14 +/- 0.35 to 4.92 +/- 0.40 micrograms/l (P < 0.01, normal values: 2.5-13 micrograms/l). On admission, urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion showed a positive correlation with urinary glucose excretion. Serum calcium levels showed a negative correlation with serum intact PTH (r = -0.46, P < 0.05). Moreover, the change in serum calcium during the hospitalization was negatively correlated to the change in serum intact-PTH (r = -0.45, P < 0.05). Serum phosphorus concentrations showed a positive correlation with the renal threshold for phosphorus excretion on admission (r = 0.86, P < 0.01). These results indicate that hyperglycemia causes excess urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion in patients with NIDDM. In response to urinary calcium loss, PTH secretion is mildly stimulated. Bone formation seems to be suppressed in the hyperglycemic state in spite of increased PTH secretion.
Adult↗
[Increase in extracellular levels of serotonin and amino acids in the rat brain following cyanide-induced energy failure].
We studied the effects of ATP depletion on neurotransmitter release in the rat brain using the microdialysis method. Ringer's solution containing 2 mM sodium cyanide (NaCN) was perfused into the hippocampus and striatum for 60 min via a microdialysis probe, and changes in serotonin (5-HT) and amino acids (glutamate, aspartate and taurine) levels in dialysates were investigated. NaCN perfusion induced a transient 3.9-fold increase in 5-HT levels in the hippocampal dialysate. Amino acid levels in dialysates also increased during NaCN perfusion, but differently in the striatum and hippocampus (glutamate: 1.3- and 2.4-fold, taurine: 2.3- and 1.3-fold, respectively). Perfusion of Ca(2+)-free Ringer's solution remarkably suppressed the NaCN-induced increase in 5-HT but not the increases in amino acid levels. Depolarization by 100 mM KCl perfusion could induce increases in 5-HT and amino acids in dialysates at 3 hr after NaCN perfusion similarly with that of control. These findings indicate that the sensitivity of nerve terminals to energy failure are different between neurons containing different neurotransmitters and also between brain regions, and suggest that this regionally different sensitivity of amino acid neurons might be involved in the underlying mechanism of the localized vulnerability to transient ischemia.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Clinical features and viral excretion in an infant with primary human herpesvirus 7 infection.
OBJECTIVE: To find clinical features of a virologically-confirmed patient with primary human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) infection and a relationship of the excretion of viruses between HHV-7 and human herpes-virus 6 (HHV-6). PATIENT AND METHODS: A 13-month-old boy who had a known prior history of exanthem subitum at 6 months of age developed fever for 3 days and a skin rash appeared as the fever was resolving. The course was accompanying with nonspecific signs and symptoms such as anorexia, irritability, mild diarrhea, palpebral edema, mild inflammation of pharynx, and mild occipital and cervical lymphadenopathy. Heparinized blood samples were used for isolation of HHV-6 and HHV-7 and detection of both virus DNA sequences by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Samples from other body sites were also tested for their DNA sequences using the PCR. Both virus antibody activity was measured by an indirect immunofluorescent assay or a neutralization test. RESULTS: Cultured mononuclear cells from the patient at the acute stage of the disease produced morphologic changes, which reacted only with the monoclonal antibody to HHV-7 but not with the antibody to HHV-6. Both viruses were not isolated from blood obtained at the convalescent stage. An antibody response of the patient indicated a seroconversion to HHV-7 but not to other microbial agents including HHV-6 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Both virus DNA sequences were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at acute and convalescent stages. HHV-7 DNA was excreted into saliva and transiently into stool at an early convalescent stage followed by HHV-6 excretion into saliva. No HHV-7 and HHV-6 was excreted into urine. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical features of a virologically confirmed patient with primary HHV-7 infection were comparable with those of primary HHV-6 infection and HHV-7 infection may reactivate HHV-6.
Antibodies, Viral↗
Emphysematous pyelonephritis successfully treated with nephrectomy and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
A 58-year-old woman developed diabetic ketoacidosis and emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli. She was successfully treated with nephrectomy, antibiotics, and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF). RhG-CSF therapy may be an effective adjunct for diabetic patients with severe infection, even when neutropenia is not present.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[Detection of chromosomal numerical aberration in early colorectal carcinomas using fluorescence in situ hybridization].
The authors have performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in tissue sections of archival paraffin-embedded blocks of seven cases in adenoma and ten cases in carcinoma in order to clarify which chromosomal aberration occurred in association with multi-step carcinogenesis in colorectal carcinomas, using alpha-satellite DNA probes to chromosome 11 and 17, D11Z1 and D17Z1, respectively. Monosomy of chromosome 11 was most frequented (5/7, 71.4%) in adenoma, and trisomy of chromosome 17 was predominant (9/10, 90.0%) in carcinoma. The numerical chromosomal aberrations can be already detected at the stage of adenoma, and monosomy of chromosome 11 was mainly observed in adenoma. Furthermore, malignant transformation arising from adenoma accounted for most of the trisomic change in chromosome 17. Consequently, applying the FISH technique to tissue sections from archival paraffin embedded specimen, it would be possible to distinguish between the cancerous and non-cancerous regions in view of chromosomal numerical aberrations. The authors emphasized that intratumoral heterogeneity could be elucidated at the chromosomal level.
Adenoma↗
Familial lupoid thrombocytopenia.
Familial lupoid thrombocytopenia affecting three subjects in three generations is reported. All subjects had antinuclear antibodies with or without antibodies to single-stranded DNA, an increase in platelet-associated IgG, and a family member with an autoimmune disease. These findings implicate a genetic contribution. All subjects shared a common HLA haplotype.
Adult↗
Effect of glycyrrhizine on hyperkalemia due to hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism in diabetes mellitus.
Liquorice extract has been claimed to induce inhibition of the activity of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase which converts cortisol to cortisone. This enzyme is thought to protect the mineralocorticoid receptor from being occupied by endogeneous glucocorticoids in the kidney. Based on these hypotheses, we investigated the effect of low-dose glycyrrhizine on hyperkalemia due to hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism in eight subjects with NIDDM. The mean serum potassium concentration decreased from 5.3 +/- 0.3 (SD) mEq/1 to 4.9 +/- 0.2 mEq/1 when 15 g of calcium polystyrene sulfonate, a potassium-binding resin, was given per day, and it decreased significantly to 4.4 +/- 0.4 mEq/1 with 150 mg/day of glycyrrhizine therapy. Changes in fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c were not significant. These data support the assumption that liquorice extract can be used safely in the therapy for treating hyperkalemia due to selective hypoaldosteronism in diabetes mellitus subjects.
Aged↗
Effects of the anti-platelet agent cilostazol on peripheral vascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Effects of cilostazol (OPC-13013, CAS 73963-72-1), a selective inhibitor of platelet cAMP-phosphodiesterase, on peripheral vascular disease in diabetes mellitus were studied. Cilostazol in a dose of 200 to 300 mg/d was administered to 5 diabetic patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans. Skin temperature of the finger and the toe, which reflects blood flow to the tissue, was selected as an objective index of cilostazol effects and measured by infra-red thermography at a constant temperature of 26 degrees C. Before administration, digital skin temperatures were low in 9 limbs of 5 patients. 200 mg/d of cilostazol significantly (p less than 0.001) increased the digital skin temperatures of 8 limbs, the increase (mean +/- SD) ranging from 29.9 +/- 1.4 degrees C to 33.2 degrees C +/- 1.2 degrees C for the average skin temperatures and from 28.7 +/- 2.1 degrees C to 33.1 +/- 1.5 degrees C for the lowest ones. An increase in the dose to 300 mg/d resulted in further elevation of skin temperatures of the digits. Cilostazol constantly elicited an increase in blood flow to the digits within the range of its therapeutic dose. This effect was observed about 1 month after initiation of administration and persisted while administration was continued. The measurement of digital skin temperatures by infrared thermography provided a noninvasive means to individualize the dosage of cilostazol and to monitor the cilostazol effect and patient complicance during long-term administration. It is concluded that cilostazol exerts a potent and steady vasodilatory effect on peripheral circulation in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Adult↗
[Pharmacokinetics of cisplatin and vindesine in a patient with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis].
Plasma total platinum and vindesine levels were monitored in a patient with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Plasma levels of cisplatin were determined as platinum by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and plasma vindesine levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Fifty mg. of cisplatin in combination with 3 mg. of vindesine were infused for 60 minutes before dialysis. During dialysis, plasma total platinum levels decreased rapidly in a biphasic fashion and 1.76 at 30 hours after infusion. Plasma vindesine levels declined with higher concentration. In conclusion, it is considered that cisplatin and vindesine can be given to anuric patients undergoing hemodialysis. However, it is suggested that smaller doses should be given to prevent side effects.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
Effect of fusaric acid (a dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor) on phaeochromocytoma.
Fusaric acid, an inhibitor of dopamine beta-hydroxylase, which converts dopamine to noradrenaline, lowered the blood pressure and induced a subjective improvement in patients with phaeochromocytoma. These effects may be due either to an impairment of catecholamine biosynthesis or to a direct action on the blood vessels. The use of this drug in the treatment of patients with inoperable malignant phaeochromocytoma or neuroblastoma may improve symptoms and prolong survival.
Blood Pressure↗
Measurement of urinary steroid profile in patients with adrenal tumor as a screening method for carcinoma.
Results of measurement of urinary steroid metabolite profile using gas chromatographic analysis in eight patients with adrenocortical tumors, i.e. 3 adenomas with Cushing's Syndrome, one adenoma with virilization, one adenoma without clinical manifestations, one carcinoma with Cushing's syndrome and virilization, one carcinoma with Cushing's syndrome and feminization, and one carcinoma without endocrinological symptoms, are reported. A unique pattern dominated by 5 beta and 11 beta-hydroxy steroid metabolites was confirmed in five patients with Cushing's syndrome consisting of three cases with adenomas and two with carcinomas. Excessive 3 alpha, 17 alpha, 21-trihydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one (tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol, THS) and delta 5-pregnene-3 beta, 11 alpha, 20 alpha-triol (delta 5-pregnenetriol) values were found in all three carcinomas including a nonfunctional carcinoma. These findings would strongly suggest the tumor to be a carcinoma, although excessive excretion of THS and delta 5-pregnenetriol was detected in one patient with a large adenoma associated with virilization. One patient with carcinoma was responsive to ACTH stimulation while the remainder show almost no response to exogenous ACTH. Urinary steroid profiling using gas chromatographic analysis, especially the values for THS and delta 5-pregnenetriol, appears to be a useful method to use in detecting these steroid metabolic characteristics in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma.
Adenoma↗
Calcium and vitamin D metabolism in Guamanian Chamorros with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia.
We evaluated 16 Guamanian Chamorros with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 33 patients with parkinsonism-dementia for disturbances of calcium and vitamin D metabolism. The serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone level was mildly elevated in 6 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in 5 patients with parkinsonism-dementia. There were significant positive correlations between serum immunoreactive parathyroid levels and duration of illness in male patients with motor neuron disease, but not in female patients or in patients with parkinsonism-dementia. Intestinal absorption of calcium, as assessed by serum and urinary activity of calcium 47 following oral administration, was decreased in 2 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in 4 patients with parkinsonism-dementia, all of whom had low levels of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Reductions in cortical bone mass were striking in patients with motor neuron disease. A significant negative correlation was found between the percentage of cortical area of the second metacarpal bone and muscle atrophy and weakness, and significant positive correlations were found between degree of immobility and ratio of urinary hydroxyproline to creatinine in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia. In general, abnormalities in calcium metabolism were subtle. Thus, if the demonstrated deposition of metals, particularly calcium and aluminum, in central nervous system tissues of Guamanians with these two conditions is a cause of the diseases and of the early appearance of neurofibrillary tangles in neurons, the accumulation has apparently occurred long before onset of symptoms, and detectable abnormalities of calcium and vitamin D metabolism may already have been corrected.
Adult↗
Homologous radioimmunoassay for human carboxyl-terminal parathyroid hormone and its clinical evaluation.
An homologous radioimmunoassay for human carboxyl-terminal parathyroid hormone (PTH) was developed using the antiserum raised against synthetic human PTH (46-84) and its clinical evaluation was attempted. Antisera were produced in guinea pigs by immunization with synthetic human PTH (46-84) conjugated with BSA. One of the antisera was used at a final concentration of 1 : 10,000 in the assay, and synthetic human PTH (53-84) for a standard and 125I-Tyr45 human PTH (46-84) for a tracer were used. A standard curve was obtained at concentrations from 0.001 to 10 ng per tube of human PTH (53-84). The displacement curves for human PTH (51-84), human PTH (46-84), Tyr45 human PTH (46-84) and bovine PTH (1-84) were almost identical with the standard curve made by synthetic human PTH (53-84). This antiserum, however, did not recognize the human PTH (1-34) fragment at all. Using this assay system, circulating immunoreactive PTH was measured in normal subjects and patients with parathyroid disorders. Normal PTH values in serum ranged from 0.47 ng/ml to an undetectable level (undetectable in two out of 32 normal subjects) and serum PTH values in patients with primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism or idiopathic hypoparathyroidism were almost completely discriminated from normal values. These results suggest that this homologous radioimmunoassay is a carboxyl-terminal specific assay for human PTH and can be quite useful in clinical practice.
Cross Reactions↗