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Biomedical subjects

T V Campkin

Publications and source records attributed to T V Campkin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Isoflurane and cerebrospinal fluid pressure--a study in neurosurgical patients undergoing intracranial shunt procedures.

The effect of isoflurane 1.0% and 1.5% with nitrous oxide on ventricular cerebrospinal fluid pressure was studied in 17 patients who underwent intracranial shunt procedures. Isoflurane at both concentrations caused significant increases in cerebrospinal fluid pressure during normocapnic ventilation, but these could be prevented by simultaneous hyperventilation or by the prior induction of hypocapnia. Decreases in mean arterial pressure occurred also, and resulted in a significant reduction in cerebral perfusion pressure in normocapnic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Isoflurane: its use to induce hypotension in neurosurgical patients.

The use of isoflurane to induce arterial hypotension was studied in 40 adults undergoing neurosurgery. In 70% of patients, isoflurane, up to 2.0% (inspired), decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) to the desired level for surgery; for the remainder, a higher concentration (3.0-4.0%) was required. Tachycardia, which could be slowed by labetalol, occurred in 13 patients (32%); the incidence was significantly higher in those who had not received an opiate either as premedication or intra-operatively. No post-operative complications attributable to hypotension were seen. It is concluded that isoflurane is a safe and effective agent for the induction of hypotension in neurosurgical operations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Isoflurane: effect on the encephalogram during carotid endarterectomy.

The effect of isoflurane on the electroencephalogram was studied in patients monitored during carotid endarterectomy. Increasing concentrations of this agent cause changes, but did not affect the ability to detect the onset of cerebral ischaemia consequent upon temporary occlusion of the internal carotid artery. At 1.0% and 1.5% concentration isoflurane caused significant decreases in mean arterial pressure which is undesirable in patients undergoing vascular surgery.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1984

Isoflurane and cranial extradural pressure. A study in neurosurgical patients.

The effect of isoflurane on cranial extradural pressure (EDP) was studied in 10 patients. In eight patients with normal intracranial pressure, the addition of 1.0% isoflurane to nitrous oxide plus fentanyl in oxygen anaesthesia, at physiological carbon dioxide tensions, did not cause any significant change in EDP; 1.5% resulted in a small but significant increase. In two patients with clinical evidence of increased intracranial pressure isoflurane decreased EDP during the administration of isoflurane. In all patients, hyperventilation (3.2% carbon dioxide concentration) decreased EDP rapidly. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was decreased significantly at the higher isoflurane concentration. It was concluded that use of isoflurane is not contraindicated in patients with mass lesions, either at normocapnic or hypocapnic concentrations of carbon dioxide and would appear to be suitable for use in neurosurgical anaesthesia.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Posture and ventilation during posterior fossa and cervical operations. Current practice in the United Kingdom.

Details of the method of lung ventilation and the preferred position of the patient during posterior fossa (infratentorial) surgery and cervical operations were sought from 37 neurosurgical centres in the United Kingdom. The sitting position remains popular (52%). Although in the majority the use of controlled ventilation is routine practice in a significant number (22%), the maintenance of spontaneous breathing is preferred, particularly during posterior fossa surgery. Although the potential hazards of the sitting position are recognized, there is no real evidence from this survey of any move to abandon its use.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1980

Radial artery cannulation. Potential hazard in patients with acromegaly.

Using Allen's test, impaired ulnar artery circulation to one or both hands was detected pre-operatively in five out of ten acromegalic patients scheduled for transphenoidal hypophysectomy. Three of these patients also had symptoms of compression of the median nerve at the wrist (carpal tunnel syndrome). If ulnar flow is considered to be inadequate cannulation of a dorsalis pedis artery provides one possible alternative route for continuous measurement of the blood pressure during induced hypotension. In the three patients in this report in whom this vessel was cannulated no ischaemic complications in the foot were seen.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1977

Arterial pressure studies during carotid angiography.

In a study of 92 patients undergoing carotid angiography under general anaesthesia, marked changes in arterial pressure were infrequent. Possible reasons for this include fewer poor-risk patients, a lighter level of anaesthesia involving controlled ventilation, and the replacement of uriodone (Diodone) by less toxic contrast media.

Adolescent↗