Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T V Filippova.
A severe form of hypomelanosis of Ito in two-year-old white girl is reported. The disease was revealed as fetal microcephalia and epileptic seizures. Peripheral blood lymphocyte karyotype was normal. Brain MRI revealed absence of clear delineation between cortical grey matter and brain white matter. The literary review with emphasis of the neurological manifestations is presented.
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The results of population cytogenetic studies performed by a standard technique in one laboratory during 1987-1992 are summarized. Variations in the rate of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations were found in lymphocyte culture derived from individuals employed in the nonindustrial sphere and in the administrative sector of the chemical industry. The proportion of cells with chromosomal aberrations is 1.56 +/- 0.10% in the first group and 2.78 +/- 0.15% in the second one. The ratio of types of aberration is similar in both groups. No differences were observed in the rate of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations as related to the extent of chemical pollution of place of residence.
Cytogenetic analysis of lymphocytes was performed in 36 preparatory workers engaged into rubber shoes and general mechanical rubber goods production. Preparatory workers and management staff had the same chromosomal aberrations frequency. Although chromosomal aberrations frequency in employees of the enterprise appeared to be twice as much as that for general population, which proves hazardous factors of rubber production to afflict genofond of employees.
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The comparative in vivo and in vitro study of chromosomal aberrations and SCE induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) in macaca rhesus lymphocytes was performed. The dose of mutagenic exposure for quantitative estimation of effects was determined as a product of concentration of alkylating CP metabolites on the exposure time. The mutagenic effect caused by the same doses of CP (CP metabolites) appeared similar in vivo and in vitro. This suggests that the results obtained in adequate in vitro mutagen-testing experiments may be quantitatively extrapolated for the in vivo conditions.
The dose dependences of chromosome aberrations rate were investigated in lymphocytes of oncological patients after cyclophosphamide (CP) administration. It was shown that the rate of chromosome aberrations and the number of disruptions per cell in vivo and in vitro increases exponentially with the dose. At the same time, the parameters of regression equations coincide. This evidences that CP has the similar effect in vivo and in vitro.
A significant decrease in the baseline of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) was observed in cultured human lymphocytes, if 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was added after 60 h of culture, and the cells were harvested at least 24-30 h after BrdU exposure. This decrease is supposed to occur if at least one cell division takes place before the addition of BrdU. For cytogenetic monitoring of mutagenic environmental factors, using human lymphocyte cultures, it is assumed that two time periods are sufficient for comparison.
The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) level in patients with cancer of lungs before treatment did not differ from the mean number of SCE in healthy donors. In the process of a cyclophosphane treatment the SCE frequency in the patient lymphocyte culture increased with the drug doses of 4 and 5 g. Analysis of the ratio of cells in mitoses I, II and III revealed no differences in the cell cycle rate for groups of healthy donors, patients before the treatment, and treated patients.
A comparative study of cytogenetic effects in human lymphocytes caused in vivo by cyclophosphamide (CP) after intravenous injection and in vitro by exposure of plasma of the same patients was carried out. It was found that the frequency of induced chromosome aberrations (CA) and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) increased linearly for SCE and exponentially for CA within the 'dose' of alkylating activity of CP metabolites. Parameters of 'cytogenetic effect-dose' in vivo and in vitro coincided. The intensity of cytogenetic effects varied between individuals.
The study of efficacy of combined therapy including exposure to millimetric electromagnetic radiation (MER) in hypertensive patients has found a corrective hemodynamic effect of such treatment which appeared more potent than pharmacotherapy alone or combinations with sinusoidal modulated currents and placebo electromagnetic radiation. In hypokinetic and eukinetic types of hemodynamics MER raises cardiac output, lowers peripheral vascular resistance; in the hyperkinetic type there was a fall in the stroke and cardiac indices, compensatory rise of vascular resistance. The above changes in the course of treatment result in decline of both systolic and diastolic pressure and conversion of "extreme" types of hemodynamics in eukinetic in 11% patients. In hypertensive patients with eukinetic and hyperkinetic type of hemodynamics the best hemodynamic efficacy was achieved in combined therapy with 5.6 mm radiation.
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The main principles are stated of carrying out a cytogenetic examination of human populations on the basis of critical analysis of data from literature and the authors' own experience in this field. The method for estimation of sister chromatid exchanges is shown expedient to be used together with the chromosome aberration analysis in carrying out cytogenetic examinations. Statistically ascertained approaches are adduced to select the necessary amount of persons examined in groups and the number of cells for analysis when using methods for estimation of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations.