Biomedical subjects

T V Maroldo

Publications and source records attributed to T V Maroldo.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1993

Magnetic resonance imaging of normal and abnormal brain development.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) improves our ability to assess brain development and to detect anomalies of brain formation. MRI allows the assessment of brain development by analysis of the effects of myelination on the T1 and T2 relaxation times of the pediatric brain. This article discusses specific imaging strategies and the normal progression of signal intensity changes. Familiarity with this evolution of signal changes allows an estimation of the approximate stage of brain development. High-resolution multiplanar MRI provides good anatomic detail, with excellent distinction between gray and white matter. This technique allows improved detection of many classes of abnormalities of brain formation, some of which were previously detectable only at autopsy. These malformations and their imaging characteristics are discussed under the headings of: corpus callosal dysgenesis, intracranial lipomas, holoprosencephalies, septooptic dysplasia, the cephaloceles, the Chiari malformations, the Dandy-Walker complex, the cerebellar anomalies including Joubert's syndrome, and rhombencephalosynapsis, and the spectrum of neuronal migration anomalies.

Brain↗

PubMed1992

Advances in diagnostic techniques of pituitary tumors and prolactinomas.

The main advances in the diagnostic evaluation of pituitary tumors and prolactinomas have been in the areas of improved magnetic resonance techniques and in the use of inferior petrosal sinus sampling. New dynamic techniques of rapid acquisition magnetic resonance imaging during bolus contrast infusion have improved the sensitivity for the diagnosis of the small microadenoma. The development of three-dimensional volume imaging has also led to a further improvement in sensitivity to small lesions of the sella. The measurement of adrenocorticotropin levels in the inferior petrosal sinus in patients with Cushing's syndrome assists in the differentiation of adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary tumor from other peripheral causes of the syndrome. The use of corticotropin-releasing hormone concomitant with sampling has proven to be of value in improving sensitivity and specificity. Elevated levels of growth hormone in petrosal sinus sampling have also been shown to be valuable in the early diagnosis of acromegaly when peripheral hormone levels and imaging are nondiagnostic.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1992

Pediatric brain tumors.

The central nervous system is the second most common location for neoplasms in the pediatric age group. In this article, the characteristic imaging findings of the various supratentorial and infratentorial brain tumors are described.

Brain↗

PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of rhombencephalosynapsis: report of three cases and review of the literature.

We describe the clinical and MR findings in three cases of rhombencephalosynapsis, a rare congenital malformation of the posterior fossa consisting of vermian agenesis or severe hypogenesis, fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres, and apposition or fusion of the dentate nuclei. Associated anomalies include hydrocephalus, fusion of the inferior colliculi, deficiency or absence of the septum pellucidum, and hypoplasia of the anterior commissure. Fourteen previous cases of rhombencephalosynapsis have been reported including Obersteiner's first report in 1914. The clinical presentation is variable, ranging from early death to variable degrees of cerebellar dysfunction and developmental delay. Patients may reach young adulthood. We report three additional cases and provide radiographic (MR) images of this unusual anomaly detected during life. Diagnoses in three children with rhombencephalosynapsis were made on the basis of MR findings. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this disorder being diagnosed in living patients.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗