Biomedical subjects

T Vieville

Publications and source records attributed to T Vieville.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1989

Target velocity based prediction in saccadic vector programming.

Two experiments have been designed to test whether the saccadic system takes target motion into consideration in computing saccade amplitude. In one experiment, while the subject fixated straight ahead, either a horizontal ramp-step-ramp or a horizontal step-ramp target moved from left to right. After the step, the subject had to make a saccade and follow the target. In the second set of experiments, the target, after an initial step, moved extrafoveally from up to down at fixed velocity; a tone, signaling the subject to make a saccade to the target and follow it, was delivered either after a variable delay (previewed condition) or simultaneously with the initial target step (non-previewed condition). In both experiments, eye position at saccade end was statistically different from target position 100 msec before saccade onset only when the target slow motion was presented before the step (i.e. in horizontal ramp-step-ramp and in previewed H-step V-ramp paradigms), suggesting that target motion could be used by the saccadic system to extrapolate the future target position, only if the subject is given enough time to observe the target ramp motion before the step.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Use of target velocity in saccadic programming.

Previous studies indicate that in response to a step-ramp visual target movement, the saccade amplitude approximates target displacement 100 ms before saccade onset. This study examines whether the saccadic system takes target motion into consideration when computing saccadic amplitude, if target movement is seen by the subject before he is requested to make a saccade. In the first experiment, while the subject fixated at the target (laser dot) and maintained fixation, the target jumped to the left and moved to the right at a fixed velocity. At some predetermined site, the target jumped a step to the right and continued to move in that direction. After the target step, the subject had to make a saccade and follow target motion. In the second experiment, while the subject fixated at the target and maintained fixation, the target jumped to the right and up and moved down at a fixed velocity. At some predetermined site, an auditory signal was given, and the subject had to make a saccade and follow target motion. Results in both experiments showed that the eye position was statistically different from the target displacement at 100 ms before saccade onset, indicating that the saccadic system uses target velocity in computing saccade amplitude.

Acceleration↗

PubMed1986

Modifications of gain asymmetry and beating field of vertical optokinetic nystagmus in microgravity.

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was measured in human subjects before, during and after exposure to microgravity induced by either parabolic flight or space flight. The downward (slow phase up) OKN gain was greater than upward gain in normal gravity. On first exposure to microgravity this asymmetry was reversed. In addition, the beating field of OKN tended to shift downward, and the vertical optokinetic after nystagmus (OKAN) time constant was increased. This reversed asymmetry disappeared after 3 days of space flight. On return to 1 g gravity, there was a general drift of the eye in the upward direction during either spontaneous eye movements or OKN. This suggests that the sacculus normally influences mean vertical eye position and the perception of the subjective horizontal direction, both of which are gravity dependent.

Electrooculography↗

PubMed1986

European vestibular experiments on the Spacelab-1 mission: 2. Experimental equipment and methods.

A series of vestibular experiments were performed in conjunction with the first Spacelab mission, consisting of sets of pre-, in- and postflight tests. A multipurpose experimental apparatus used for the diverse flight and ground tests is presented. Additional apparatus together with the multi-purpose package were used in the baseline data collection facility at the landing site at NASA Dryden Flight Research Facility for the ground tests. The tests involved optokinetic, caloric and mechanical (whole-body or head-alone) stimulation. The latter included linear acceleration in the subject's x, y and z axes, static roll and yaw about an earth-vertical axis. Physiological parameters such as electro-oculogram (EOG), blood-volume-pulse (BVP), respiration, as well as the stimulus variables such as acceleration and caloric temperature were transmitted to the ground and recorded there. The flight and ground testing schedules are outlined. Problems arising from this complex venture are discussed, and some suggestions are made for future improvement.

Acceleration↗