Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T Votruba.
The authors elaborated the ELISA method for the assessment of the CRP concentration in body fluids. The method is accurate, sufficiently sensitive and can be made automatic. The authors assessed the CRP value in serum of healthy subjects and the method was compared with kits for assessment of CRP available on our market.
The authors modified the method for the assessment of circulating immunocomplexes by assessing changes in the concentration of IgG and C4 components of complement in the precipitate after adding polyethylene glycol. The method was tested on a series of samples, the scatter of values for the healthy population was assessed and the results were compared with the PEG method elaborated in the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine.
This paper sums up recent intervention epidemiological studies of primary atherogeneous hypercholesterolemias. The authors include in this category familial hypercholesterolemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, and polygenous hypercholesterolemia. Individual disorders are thoroughly analyzed in view of their early diagnostics, differential diagnostics and clinical state. The paper also deals with relatively harmless hypercholesterolemias and their clinical and biochemical criteria.
The authors classify hypertriacylglycerolemias according to their relationship with atherosclerosis as disorders with and without chylomicronemia, atherogenous disorders with an increased level of apolipoprotein B in the VLDL fraction, and relatively harmless (benign) cases. They single out the remarkable heterogeneity of hypertriacylglycerolemias and their epidemiological aspects. The analysis of the various disorders comes complete with their pathobiochemistry and the clinic-biochemical criteria of their classification. The paper also draws attention to a number of possible clinical complications accompanying hypertriacylglycerolemias and their frequency among the population.
The article defines apolipoprotein diseases as the structural defects of apolipoproteins or disorders in their synthesis or secretion. The survey covers a range of atherogenous defects, providing a detailed description of their clinical-biochemical and genetic aspects as well as diagnostic and differential diagnostic criteria. Attention is paid also to the significance of analytical isoelectric focusing.
This paper sums up new findings in the field of pathogenetic relations between lipid and lipoprotein metabolical disorders on the one hand and the risk of early forms of atherosclerosis on the other hand. Detail classification of disorders proceeds from precise clinical and biochemical criteria, genetic considerations and therapeutical aspects. It provides definitions of hyperlipidemia, hyperlipoproteinemia, normolipidemic (latent) dyslipoproteinemia, secondary hyperlipidemia, apolipoproteinopathia and relatively harmless (benign) hyperlipidemia. The paper provides detail tables and systematic graphs.
The authors obtained by a simple isolation procedure pure fibronectin which served as an immunogen for the preparation of the antibody. The antibody was used in the immunonephelometric protein estimation. The authors assessed the reference range of fibronectin concentrations for the healthy population, using different anticoagulating agents.
New cuprophan dialysers were used in twenty, re-used dialysers in twelve dialyses and new dialysers in ten sequential ultrafiltrations. Serum beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) concentration was measured before and after all these procedures. Serum osmolality changes were compared with changes in serum beta 2m concentrations. These concentrations rose in dialyses with new and re-used dialysers, but remained unchanged during sequential ultrafiltration. beta 2m increased with serum hypo-osmolality, decreased with serum hyperosmolality and did not change during iso-osmolar dialysis. These results indicate that cuprophan membrane does not raise beta 2m concentration during dialysis. It is hypo-osmolality that is responsible for the increment of beta 2m in serum.
The authors discuss the question of whether the growing blood concentration of beta-2-microglobulin in the course of haemodialysis is due to the bioincompatibility of the cuprophane membrane or to changes in serum osmolality. x531p4cuprophane dialyzer was used for 20 acts of haemodialysis, a regenerated one for 12, a new one for 10 sequence ultrafiltrations. The serum concentration of beta-2-microglobulin was measured prior to and after haemodialysis, and so was serum osmolality. The changes in beta-2-microglobulin concentration during haemodialysis were compared with serum osmolality changes. The levels of beta-2-microglobulin rose during haemodialysis using a new as well as a regenerated dialyzer but remained unaltered during sequence ultrafiltration. They increased in the presence of serum hypoosmolality, remained unchanged in normal osmolality, and decreased in hyperosmolality. The results show that the cuprophane membrane is not the source of increased beta-2-microglobulin, but that serum hypoosmolality developing during haemodialysis is the factor responsible.
Basic facts are presented of the recently identified and yet clinically very significant complication of chronic artificial kidney treatment -- haemodialysis amyloidosis. The manifestations include the carpal tunnel syndrome, humeroscapular periarthritis, and other types of arthritis, destructive spondyloarthropathy, bone cysts as well as, very probably, visceral involvement. Fully developed, the disease may cause invalidism. The presence of amyloid with beta-2-microglobulin as the main component was proved in articular structures and other localizations. The precise mechanism of the build-up of this amyloid is not known, though a massive and chronic increase in beta-2-microglobulin in the blood of haemodialyzed patients is thought to be mainly responsible. Since beta-2-microglobulin is not normally removed in routine cuprophane haemodialysis, its blood values keep increasing. This phenomenon is reported to be connected with the biocompatibility of the dialysis membrane and, of late, with serum osmolality changes in the course of haemodialysis. While the highly previous membranes used for haemofiltration and haemodiafiltration do remove beta-2-microglobulin the serum levels are never completely normalized. Current research centers on the problem of whether the incidence of dialysis amyloidosis can be reduce by a wider use of on-line haemofiltration.
Some parameters of specific and non-specific immunity were tested in a group of 44 subjects suffering from frequent herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) or herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) recrudescences. The tests performed included determinations of (i) HSV complement-independent and complement-dependent neutralizing antibodies, (ii) antibodies to glycoprotein C of HSV-1 and glycoprotein G of HSV-2, (iii) antibodies to viral capsid and early antigens of Epstein-Barr virus, (iv) antibodies to tetanus toxoid, (v) serum levels of IgM, IgG, IgA, transferrin, prealbumin and C'3 and C'4 components of complement, (vi) active and total T lymphocytes, (vii) phagocyting activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, eosinophils and mononuclear cells, (viii) skin reactivity to tuberculin, toxoplasmin, candidin, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. In the patients the following deviations from the control groups were noted: (i) Antibody levels to homotypic but not to heterotypic HSV were enhanced, (ii) serum IgM levels were elevated, (iii) percentages and numbers of active and total T lymphocytes were decreased, (iv) phagocyting activity of neutrophils was depressed but that of eosinophils was increased.
The authors elaborated a method of assessment of secretory IgA in saliva by the nephelometric technique. They used an antibody and standard for serum IgA. The authors discuss the advantages and limitations of the method.
The author tested the suitability of various chromogens in ELISA systems with horseradish peroxidase. As a model he used assessment of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The author evaluated the influence of substrate concentration on the resulting colour reaction and the influence of the presence of a detergent on the peroxidase activity. He investigated also the advantages of the used chromogens with regard to the accuracy and sensitivity of the estimation.
The safety and efficacy of a subunit herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 vaccine were tested in a small-scale double-blind trial carried out in a group of 42 volunteers suffering from frequent recurrences of herpetic lesions. The patients were paired according to sex, age, type of virus isolated, previous history of the disease and some non-specific immunological markers. One member of each pair received repeated doses of HSV vaccine, the other a placebo. Clinical reactions were mild. Antibody responses following the vaccination were generally low and were almost entirely limited to subjects suffering from HSV-2 lesions. A majority of the patients exhibited improvement of their condition during the postvaccination period. These improvements were, however, nearly equally distributed between the vaccine and placebo groups.
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