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Biomedical subjects

T W Klein

Publications and source records attributed to T W Klein.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Reduction in cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity in exudate and cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Cyclic nucleotides have been implicated in the normal function of macrophages, but the nature of the cyclic nucleotide catabolizing enzyme phosphodiesterase (PDE) and its role in regulation of macrophage function has not been previously reported. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate PDE activity was studied in mouse peritoneal macrophages and found to be similar to that reported in other tissues with regard to stability and divalent cation requirement. Exudate macrophages induced by injection of either endotoxin or proteose peptone broth were found to have reduced PDE activity and enhanced EAC phagocytic capacity and acid phosphatase (AP) activity. When resident peritoneal macrophages were cultured in vitro; AP activity increased over 24 hr and remained elevated for 96 hr. PDE activity declined steadily over 96 hr. This steady decline in PDE activity observed during culture was not altered by inclusion of endotoxin. These studies suggest that PDE activity is reduced in macrophages with maximally enhanced function but does not appear to be significantly altered during early phases of functional change in macrophages.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1981

Detection of antibodies to Legionella pneumophila in immune guinea pig serum by solid-phase immunofluorescence.

A semiautomated solid-phase immunofluorescence apparatus (FIAX; International Diagnostic Technology, Santa Clara, Calif.) was utilized to develop a rapid method for detection of antibody to Legionella pneumophila. The sera from guinea pigs immunized with a mixture of killed L. pneumophila and Freund complete adjuvant displayed markedly enhanced antibody activity as measured by FIAX when compared with that obtained from adjuvant-injected or unimmunized animals. A correlation was observed between FIAX net fluorescence units and microagglutination titers of serum samples obtained from immunized animals. Within-run and between-run coefficients of variation performed on selected immune serum samples were low. These results demonstrated that the FIAX method could readily and reproducibly detect Legionella-specific antibodies in the sera of actively immunized animals and suggest the possibility of a broader application of FIAX in the serological detection of exposure to L. pneumophila antigen.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1981

Inhibition of yeast phagocytosis and cell spreading by glucocorticoids in cultures of resident murine peritoneal macrophages.

This study was initiated to determine whether the inhibition of phagocytosis and cell spreading in cortisol-treated cultures of resident murine peritoneal macrophages are glucocorticoid-directed responses. Phagocytosis of heat-killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cell spreading were measured in control and steroid-treated macrophage cultures over 6 days. When the cultures were exposed to testosterone, progesterone, or epicortisol, phagocytosis and cell spreading were similar to controls. In contrast, both macrophage functions were inhibited significantly in cultures treated with cortisol, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, and triamcinolone acetonide. In addition, the rate of phagocytosis was retarded and phagocytic indices (i.e., yeast particle number/cell) were reduced in glucocorticoid-treated cultures. Dose-response studies with dexamethasone demonstrated that the ED50 for the inhibitory effect on phagocytosis was 20 nM. These results indicate that the inhibition of yeast phagocytosis and cell spreading in the steroid-treated cultures are specific glucocorticoid-directed responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Modulation of lymphoid cell blastogenic responsiveness to mitogens by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection.

Spleen and mesenteric lymph node cell blastogenic responses to the mitogens concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide and to parasite antigens were examined in vitro following removal from mice undergoing primary or secondary infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. During primary infection spleen cells showed a marked increase in proliferative responsiveness to both mitogens, followed by a marked depression thereafter. During a secondary infection the response of spleen cells to both mitogens remained depressed. In contrast, cells from the mesenteric lymph nodes of infected mice exhibited enhanced responsiveness to Con A and LPS, followed by depression of the response, followed by another cycle of enhancement upon reinfection. Sensitivity of both spleen and especially mesenteric lymph node cells to Nb antigens was greatest at approximately the time of worm expulsion: Day 13 after primary and Day 8 after secondary infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Flubendazole and mebendazole in the treatment of trichuriasis and other helminthiases.

Forty patients were treated with either flubendazole or mebendazole, 100 mg twice a day for three days, in a double-blind, prospective, randomized study. The study concentrated on patients with Trichuris trichiura infections, although the effects of the anthelmintic agents on concomitant Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm infections were also evaluated. Results from 35 evaluable patients showed complete cure in 17/19 (89%) patients treated with flubendazole and 15/16 (94%) patients treated with mebendazole (P less than 0.05, no significant difference). Significant reduction in Trichuris egg counts was noted in the three other patients. No significant adverse clinical or laboratory reactions were noted. Other roundworms were completely eradicated by both anthelmintic agents. Based on this study, flubendazole appears to be as effective and safe as mebendazole in the treatment of nematode infections.

Antinematodal Agents↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of solid-phase immunofluorescence for quantitation of antibodies to herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus.

A recently developed semiautomated technique based on solid-phase immunofluorescence (FIAX) was compared with complement fixation for the determination of antibody levels to herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovorus in human serum samples. The results demonstrated that the FIAX method was in aggreement with the complement fixation technique for 97% of the serum samples tested. Reproducible titers were obtained from multiple FIAX determinations of representative sera within the same experimental run and between separate experimental runs. However, variability was rather high for patient sera with low (less than or equal to 1:5) antibody levels to cytomegalovirus. Hence, the results obtained by the FIAX technique were reproducible, and the FIAX system was as sensitive as complement fixation for the determination of antibody levels to herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1978

Characterization of mouse peritoneal exudate and associated leukocyte adherence inhibitory activity after intraperitoneal injection of either Bordetella pertussis or Corynebacterium parvum vaccines.

Bordetella pertussis and Corynebacterium parvum are commonly used immunopotentiating agents. To explore the inflammatory environment induced by these agents, the peritoneal exudate response in mice following intraperitoneal injection of B. pertussis (PV) and C. parvum (CV) vaccines was investigated. The PV-induced exudate isolated by lavage was characterized by an early neutrophil influx followed by enhanced accumulation of mononuclear cells and fluid protein. The CV exudate was principally mononuclear in nature and displayed fewer numbers of cells and less fluid protein. Both vaccines also enhanced the leukocyte adherence inhibitory activity (LAIA) of peritoneal fluid as measured in vitro. The development of exudate LAIA was T lymphocyte independent. A similar LAIA was demonstrated in nonimmune mouse plasma and serum. Exudate fluid and serum LAIA were heat stable and trypsin sensitive. These studies suggest that significant differences exist in the composition of the local tissue environment following PV and CV injection and that exudate LAIA is serum derived. Further studies in this direction should result in a better understanding of the ways in which inflammatory cells and fluid substances affect lymphocyte-macrophage interaction subsequent to adjuvant administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Characteristics of cells present in peritoneal fluids of mice injected intraperitoneally with Bordetella pertussis.

Peritoneal fluids obtained from mice after the intraperitoneal administration of Bordetella pertussis vaccine, heated vaccine, an extract of the organisms, killed Escherichia coli, or thioglycolate medium were examined in terms of total cells and percentage that adhered to glass cover slips during 2-h incubation period. All these substances were found to increase the number of leukocytes in peritoneal fluid within 1 to 2 days after the injection. This increase appeared to be due to an influx of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes with relative proportions at a given time dependent upon the material involved in the induction of the response. The initial increases after pertussis vaccine seemed to be due mainly to an influx of monomuclear cells, whereas with E. coli neutrophils constituted the major portion of the cell population. The percentage of peritoneal cells that attached to glass was also found to be markedly reduced in preparations obtained from mice after the injection of B. pertussis or E. coli. There appeared to be differences in persistence of this phenomenon, with preparations containing the histamine-sensitizing factor being the most active in affecting adherence properties. Thus these data would suggest that the action of B. pertussis on macrophages (or precursors) and neutrophils is not expressed in terms of suppression of emigration properties, as has been reported by others for lymphocytes, but is manifested in the alteration of glass-adherence characteristics. Within experimental limitations, it is believed that macrophages are possibly more involved in terms of altered function than are the polymorphonuclear cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome associated with urinary tract hemangiomas.

Genitourinary hemangiomas in 2 children with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome are reported. The presence of cutaneous hemangiomas should alert urologists to the possibility of urinary tract hemangiomas inpatients with gross hematuria. Transurethral manipulation of bladder hemangiomas should be avoided because of the danger of excessive hemorrhage, the treatment of choice being partial cystectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

A check on hypothetical personality structures and their theoretical interpretation at 14-16 years in T-data.

Basing hypotheses on interpretations of 12 personality factors most replicated in 10 past researches with children, this experiment sets up about eight subtests as specific markers for each. Ninety-five tests, taking eight hours in all, were administered to 394 14-16-year olds. A majority of the personality pattern hypotheses were sustained factor analytically by evidence on number of factors, significance of unique simple structure reached, and goodness of identifying match (chi-square test). Concept validities can be obtained for some six of the factors rivalling those for intelligence tests. A brief discussion is given of the bearing of the present results upon theoretical explanations of the given source traits, including extraversion, and it is pointed out that the psychological meaning of most, for personality research, is as important, in variance terms, as for the one or two, such as anxiety and extraversion, which have tended to monopolize discussion.

Adolescent↗