Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T W Tinsley.
Cricket paralysis virus was shown to share common antigen(s) with encephalomyocarditis virus (Cardiovirus: Picornaviridae), a virus normally associated with mammals. These viruses must be regarded now as being related strains of one and the same virus. These results pose interesting questions for the taxonomy and ecology of small RNA viruses.
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Gonometa podocarpi is an important pest of several species of pine in East Africa, and large numbers of trees in plantations in Kenya were partially or completely defoliated by the larval stage of this insect. After the infestation in the Mt. Elgon region, large numbers of dead and moribund larvae were found on the ground. Examination of extracts of these larvae demonstrated the presence of an occluded virus. Electron microscopy of purified sectioned polyhedra demonstrated the presence of virus particles containing from 1 to 12 nucleocapsids. Purification of virus particles from polyhedra was accomplished by using alkali solubilization and sucrose gradient centrifugation. Virus particles contained 15 proteins as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Detergent solubilization of the virus particles released polyhedra containing one major structural protein. Electron microscopy of purified virus particles and nucleocapsids demonstrated them to be similar in structure to previously recorded nuclear polyhedrosis viruses. The viral deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted and spread for electron microscopy and was determined to have a size of approximately 80 x 10 daltons.
Antibodies against an "enterovirus-like" virus of insects, cricket paralysis virus, occur in the sera of domestic animals. When these antibodies were used in combination with the immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled virus proteins from infected Drosophila cells in culture, it could be demonstrated that the animals were exposed to preformed virus.
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Nonoccluded virus, polyhedra, and occluded virus were purified from a continuous cell culture of Spodopera frugiperda infected with nuclear polyhedrosis virus. The optimal temperature for the replication and lateral transmission of infectivity for the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPV) in cell culture was 27 C. End-point dilution and plaque assay procedures for the measurement of infectivity are described and compared. Dose-response data demonstrated that a single particle could initiate an infection, and the validity of the relationship of 0.7 PFU per mean tissue culture infective dose (TCID(5 0)) further substantiated the accuracy of these infectivity assays. Particle-infectious unit calculations gave a ratio of 62 to 310 nonoccluded virus particles TCID(5 0). Growth cycle and lateral transmission experiments indicated that infectious material was released from cells 12 h postinfection (p.i.) and approached a maximal titer 4 days p.i. The number of polyhedra, nonoccluded virions, and TCID(5 0) produced per cell was also presented. Typical yields of NPV produced per liter flask suggested that insect cell culture systems represent a feasible means by which the replication of these viruses could be investigated.
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A proteinaceous substance was detected in the liver of several animal species that inhibited the multiplication of certain deoxyribonucleic acid, but not ribonucleic acid, viruses. Preliminary experiments suggested that its site of action was not extracellular. It did not inhibit virus by interfering with adsorption to cells. It was suggested that this inhibiting substance acts directly upon cells by interfering with viral synthesis.
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