PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T W Uhde

Publications and source records attributed to T W Uhde.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Indices of noradrenergic output in depression.

Concentrations of plasma norepinephrine (NE) and plasma-3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), blood pressure, and heart rate were measured on 2 days in 25 depressed patients and 25 controls. Comparisons were made between patients and controls, and also between days for both groups, to determine the short-term stability of these measures. The means of the plasma and urinary noradrenergic metabolite measures were not significantly different between groups. The variance of plasma MHPG, plasma NE, and mean blood pressure was greater in the depressed patients than in controls. Blood pressure, plasma MHPG, and plasma NE were relatively stable as suggested by the significant correlations between the 2 days for each of these variables. Plasma NE, plasma MHPG, and the sum of the deaminated urinary metabolites (MHPG and vanillylmandelic acid) were significantly intercorrelated. These results support other data in suggesting that plasma concentrations of NE and MHPG may be useful measures of noradrenergic activity, but may not consistently distinguish depressed patients from controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of carbamazepine on serum electrolytes in affectively ill patients.

The effects on serum electrolytes of carbamazepine, an acute and prophylactic treatment for manic-depressive illness, were assessed in subjects with primary affective disorder. Carbamazepine caused statistically significant, but clinically insubstantial, reductions in serum sodium and calcium, but not in the other electrolytes measured. Decreases in serum sodium and calcium were not related to carbamazepine dose, blood levels, or the degree of clinical improvement. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Clonidine reduces plasma melatonin levels.

Clonidine, an alpha-adrenoceptor agonist, reduces human plasma melatonin levels when administered intravenously at 2-3 micrograms kg-1 to sleeping volunteers. Measurement of plasma melatonin levels after administration of clonidine could be the basis for a clinical in-vivo test of alpha-adrenoceptors.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Antidepressant effects of carbamazepine.

Thirty-five depressed patients diagnosed by DSM-III criteria participated in a double-blind study of the acute antidepressant effects of the anticonvulsant carbamazepine, at average doses of 971 mg/day, achieving mean +/- SD blood levels of 9.3 +/- 1.9 micrograms/ml (range, 3-12.5 micrograms/ml). Twenty patients (57%) showed at least mild improvement, and 12 showed more substantial improvement. Possible clinical predictors of antidepressant response to carbamazepine are discussed. These preliminary data suggest that carbamazepine has some acute antidepressant efficacy in addition to the growing evidence that it has acute antimanic and longer-term prophylactic efficacy in both phases of manic-depressive illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Life events and the onset of panic disorder.

The authors examined the number, type, and effect of life events during the year before the onset of panic attacks in 44 patients with a Research Diagnostic Criteria diagnosis of panic disorder and 44 healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, and time of retrospection. The patients had significantly more life events, and these events had a more adverse impact on them. Furthermore, the types of events experienced by the patients were more typically distressing than those experienced by the control subjects. The patients reported events involving moves to other neighborhoods and/or cities far more frequently than did the control subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Withdrawal syndrome with gradual tapering of alprazolam.

The clinical and biological correlates of gradual alprazolam withdrawal were investigated in 10 patients in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. During gradual alprazolam withdrawal, anxiety and plasma cortisol levels were higher than during a postwithdrawal medication-free period.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Preliminary evidence for the utility of carbamazepine in alprazolam withdrawal.

Alprazolam treatment is effective for panic disorder, but its major disadvantages include possible dependence and withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation. The authors report three cases in which carbamazepine, a clinically effective anticonvulsant without abuse potential, successfully attenuated alprazolam withdrawal symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Reduced TSH and prolactin responses to TRH in patients with panic disorder.

The authors studied the TSH and prolactin responses to a standard 500-micrograms thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test in 12 patients with panic disorder and 10 control subjects. As a group, panic disorder patients had lower mean TSH and prolactin responses, and female patients accounted for the lower prolactin response. The clinical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test in patients with panic disorder.

Eight patients with panic disorder had significantly lower ACTH and cortisol responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone and a significantly lower ratio of ACTH to cortisol response than 30 normal control subjects. These responses resemble those previously reported for depressed patients except that they occurred in the face of significantly elevated basal cortisol and ACTH levels. These results suggest that patients with panic disorder have an element of chronic hypercortisolemia, like depressed patients, but also a more acute perturbation in ACTH secretion, not previously seen in depressed patients.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1986

Effect of carbamazepine on body weight in affectively ill patients.

The effect of carbamazepine on body weight was studied in 24 patients with affective illness. Carbamazepine caused significant increases in body weight in the depressed but not the manic patients. Furthermore, the weight gain in the depressed patients seemed to be related to the response to treatment. These preliminary findings suggesting that weight gain is related to improvement in depression and not to a direct effect of the drug require further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effects of carbamazepine on noradrenergic mechanisms in affectively ill patients.

Noradrenergic mechanisms have been postulated to account for the anticonvulsant and psychotropic effects of carbamazepine. In order to assess this possibility in man, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained from affectively ill patients before and during treatment with carbamazepine (average duration 29 days) at doses averaging 860 mg/day, achieving blood levels of 8.86 micrograms/ml. Neither plasma nor CSF norepinephrine (NE) nor CSF 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG) was significantly altered by carbamazepine. Baseline medication-free values in 21 depressed patients were not predictive of the degree of subsequent clinical antidepressant response. CSF NE decreased in four manic patients treated with carbamazepine. The many effects of carbamazepine on noradrenergic mechanisms in animals are discussed in relationship to these first studies of carbamazepine in man.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗