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Biomedical subjects

T Wittmann

Publications and source records attributed to T Wittmann.

45 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Intestinal motility following jejunal resection: electromyography study in the rat].

The influences of massive resections on motility of the small intestine remain poorly known. The aim of our study was to determine the effects of jejunal resection on the pattern of occurrence of the migrating myoelectric complex and its postprandial inhibition. The experiments were performed over a period of 1 month after surgery. Transections were done on the jejunum or on the ileum in sham-operated animals. Ten days after resection, the motility of the anastomosed jejunal and ileal segments was dissociated. After one month, a functional continuity appeared through the anastomosis: the whole intestine worked synchronously at the same rhythm as the ileum. Food intake induced an increase in the frequency of the migrating myoelectric complexes measured 10 days after surgery. An adaptative phenomenon appeared after 30 days, the postprandial motor activity returning to its control level.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effects of prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha on the absorption and portal transport of sugar and on the local intestinal circulation.

With the isolated jejunum loop technique investigations of prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha were made on canine intestinal absorption and transport of glucose and on the circulation of the intestinal loop. These compounds decreased glucose absorption; intra-arterial prostaglandin administration decreased the portal transport of glucose, but intraluminal administration caused an increase. PGE2 enhanced the circulation of the intestinal loop; intra-arterial PGF2 alpha diminished this circulation, whereas on intraluminal PGF2 alpha had no significant effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Rapid development of malignant metastases in the abdominal wall after laparoscopy.

The authors describe a case of developing local tumor metastases after laparoscopy. In the second week after laparoscopy metastases developed at the place of the penetration of the pneu-needle and the trocar by the mediation of ascites containing malignant cell groups. This form of metastatisation seems to be extremely rare.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1977

Effect of local circulatory arrest on the structure of the enterocytes of the isolated intestinal loop.

Fusion of the microvilli of the enterocytes, breakdown of the microvillous structure, vacuolization of the cytoplasm, and separation of the cells from one another, were observed in the early period of anoxia in the isolated small intestinal loop of dog. Filling the intestinal lumen with isotonic glucose solution inhibited the occurrence of the morphological changes observed. These observations furnish new data to the understanding of the very initial stage of small intestinal cell destruction due to anoxia.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Changes in the structural localization of glycogen during glucose resorption].

Quantitative changes in the glycogen granula contents of the dog's small intestinal mucosa were investigated with light microscopy using Best-carmin dying. In fasting animals the glycogen could be detected in a patchy arrangement in the supranuclear cytoplasmic region of the enterocytes. During glucose abasorption glycogen appeared in continually increasing quantities also in the lamina propria. Injecting Glucagon (50-100 microgram/15') into the artery of the intestinal loop during glucose absorption, glycogen totally disappeared from the enterocytes, while it remained unchanged in the cells of the lamina propria.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Opposite effects of acute and chronic administration of alcohol on gastric emptying and small bowel transit in rat.

The effects of acute and chronic administration of a large dose of alcohol on gastric emptying and small bowel transit were studied in rats. The development of tolerance to the acute effect of alcohol on gastrointestinal motility during chronic alcohol administration was also investigated. Gastric emptying and small intestinal transit were assessed by the Phenol Red recovery method. Acutely, ethanol was given in a dose of 2.5 g/kg body wt by gavage 30 min before the test meal. Chronically, ethanol was administered by two different methods: (1) a dose of 2.5 g/kg body wt was administered by gavage daily for 10 days; (2) animals received 15% ethanol in their drinking water for 30 days. A single large dose of alcohol inhibited gastric emptying and small bowel transit. Treatment with a large dose of alcohol for 10 days did not change the gastric emptying significantly, but inhibited the small intestinal transit. Alcohol consumption in drinking water for 30 days accelerated gastric emptying and small bowel transit. Tolerance to the acute inhibitory effect of a single large dose of alcohol on gastrointestinal motility did not develop during chronic alcohol treatment.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Manometric assessment of impaired esophageal motor function in primary Sjögren's syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate by manometry the esophageal motility changes in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). METHODS: Esophageal manometry was carried out in 25 (F/M: 22/3) primary SS patients with systemic manifestations and in 42 control subjects. The primary SS patients also completed a dysphagia scoring questionnaire and underwent whole salivary flow measurements. RESULTS: As compared with the controls the primary SS patients exhibited a decreased lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure (P < 0.01) and a prolongation of LES relaxations (P < 0.02). In the esophageal body (EB) a decreased peristaltic velocity (p < 0.01), an increased duration of contractions (p < 0.01) and a higher occurrence of simultaneous waves (p < 0.01) were detected. Since decreased peristaltic velocity was the most frequent motor abnormality (11/25 cases), two groups of patients were formed for further analysis: patients with a decreased (group I, n = 11) and patients with a normal (group II, n = 14) peristaltic velocity. The SS patients with a decreased EB propagation velocity (< or = 2.7 cm/s, group I) displayed more significantly decreased pressures (p < 0.01) and more prolonged relaxation times (p < 0.05) in the LES, with higher rates of simultaneous contractions on dry swallows (p = 0.05) in the EB, as compared with those who had a normal peristaltic velocity (group II). Of the clinical parameters, the decreased EB peristaltic velocity was associated with a smaller whole saliva production both in the basal state and after stimulation. Furthermore, this group of patients had a significantly higher liquid requirement for swallowing than those who had normal peristaltic velocities (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Primary SS patients with systemic manifestations exhibit several esophageal motility abnormalities. In this study, a decreased EB peristaltic velocity was the most common manometric change, and showed an association with impaired saliva production and higher liquid requirement for swallowing, but not with the laboratory parameters or with the systemic manifestations of the disease.

Adult↗