PBRM1 loss in porocarcinoma arising from poroma.
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Letter↗
Biomedical subjects
T Yanagi
Publications and source records attributed to T Yanagi.
Vegetative pyoderma gangrenosum in chronic renal failure.
We report the case of a 58-year-old woman with painful recurrent erythematous lesions on both legs of 6 months' duration. The patient had been treated with haemodialysis for chronic renal failure for the previous 10 years. Physical examination revealed pea-sized erythematous nodules with sinus formation and discharge of bloody pus, which yielded neither bacterial nor fungal cells in culture. These lesions healed leaving cribriform scars, after bed rest, topical disinfection and systemic and in some areas intralesional corticosteroids. Cases of pyoderma gangrenosum are usually classified as one of four clinical variants: ulcerative, pustular, bullous and vegetative. Our case might correspond to a vegetative form in view of the development of sinuses, neutrophilic abscesses and palisading granuloma, even though no ulceration was observed.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
Update of daily intake of PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like PCBs from food in Japan.
Total diet study (TDS) samples of 14 food groups from 16 locations in Japan, collected in 1999 and 2000, were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dioxin-like PCBs) to estimate the update of daily intake of these contaminants from food. The mean daily intake of toxic equivalency (TEQ) for an adult weighing 50 kg, calculated at non-detected isomer concentrations equal to zero (ND = 0), was estimated to be 2.25 pg TEQ/kg b.w./day. When non-detected isomer concentrations are assumed to be equal to half of the limits of detection (ND = 1/2 LOD), the mean daily intake was estimated to be 3.22 pg TEQ/kg b.w./day. These values were below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 4 pg TEQ/kg b.w. for PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs set in Japan. In both the estimates, the mean daily intakes were highest from fish and shellfish (76.9% at ND = 0 and 53.9% at ND = 1/2 LOD of the total TEQs), followed by those from meat and eggs (15.5% at ND = 0 and 11.7% at ND = 1/2 LOD of the total TEQs). Congener specific data revealed that these total TEQ levels were dominated by 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB in each case (71.7% at ND = 0 and 63.1% at ND = 1/2 LOD of the total TEQs). The dioxin-like PCBs (non-ortho and mono-ortho PCBs) accounted for about 50% of these total TEQs. These data will be very useful in the risk assessment of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs from food in Japan.
Adult↗
Phospholipase A2 from Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei brucei: inhibition by organotins.
Activity and kinetics of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (Wellcome strain) and Trypanosoma brucei brucei (GUTat 3.1) were examined using two different fluorescent substrates. The activity in the supernatants of sonicated parasites was Ca2+-independent, strongly stimulated by Triton X-100 with optimum activity at 37 degrees C and pH 6.5-8.5. To encourage a possible interaction between the parasite enzyme and organotin compounds, fatty acid derivatives of dibutyltin dichloride were synthesized and evaluated as potential inhibitors of PLA2. The enzyme from the two-trypanosome species differ with respect to kinetic parameters and are noncompetitively inhibited by the organotin compounds. The Michaelis constant (KM) for PLA2 from T. b. brucei is 63.87 and 30.90 microM while for T. b. gambiense it is 119.64 and 32.91 microM for the substrates 1,2-bis-(1-pyrenebutanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PBGPC) and 2-(12-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)dodecanoyl-1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (NBDC12-HPC), respectively.
Animals↗
The practical synthesis of a uterine relaxant, bis(2-[[(2S)-2-([(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-phenyl]ethyl]amino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-7-yl]oxy]-N,N-dimethylacetamide) sulfate (KUR-1246).
The synthetic route for a uterine relaxant, bis(2-[[(2S)-2-([(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-phenyl]ethyl]amino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-7-yl]oxy]-N,N-dimethylacetamide) sulfate (KUR-1246), was established by the coupling of optically active components, the bromohydrin 14 and the amine 24. We now describe the practical synthesis of these two optically active components. Bromohydrin 14 was obtained by the asymmetric borane reduction of the prochiral phenacyl bromide 13 using a catalyst prepared from aluminum triethoxide and a chiral amino alcohol. The other optically active component 24 was prepared from (S)-AMT.
Acetamides↗
The practical synthesis of (2S)-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthylamine via optical resolution of 2-(3-methoxybenzyl)succinic acid.
We describe the practical synthetic route for (2S)-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthylamine 1(2S)-2-amino-7-methoxytetraline; (S)-AMT]. (2R)-2-(3-Methoxybenzyl)succinic acid [(R)-1] was obtained by the optical resolution of 2-(3-methoxybenzyl)succinic acid (1) as the salt of (1R,2S)-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexylmethanol (7), and (R)-1 was converted to the optically active (2S)-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthoic acid [(S)-2] by the intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction followed by catalytic hydrogenation. (S)-AMT was obtained from the acid (S)-2 by Hofmann rearrangement without racemization.
Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
[A case of familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis with hyperuricemia during paralytic attack and genetic analysis of the pedigree].
We reported a 13-year-old boy and his family with hypokalemic periodic paralysis. He showed marked hyperuricemia during his paralytic attack, although neither ischemic forearm exercise test nor bicycle-ergometer exercise test revealed myogenic hyperuricemia when he was free from paralysis. Genetic analysis was performed to the proband and his affected elder brother, mother, and, maternal grand mother. We found the Arg528His mutation of CACNL1A3 gene in all the patients examined. The severity of the attacks and the age of onset did not vary in the different generations, and male predominancy was not evident in this family.
Adolescent↗
Synthesis and properties of aminoacylamido-AMP: chemical optimization for the construction of an N-acyl phosphoramidate linkage.
This paper describes the design and synthesis of a new type of aminoacyl-adenylate analogue (aa-AMPN) having an N-acyl phosphoramidate linkage where the oxygen atom of the mixed anhydride bond of aminoacyl-adenylate (aa-AMP) is replaced by an amino group. This new type of aa-AMP analogue is expected to be useful as material for studies on the recognition mechanism of the aminoacylation of tRNA and other biochemical reactions. The condensation of phosphoramidite derivatives of carboxamides with nucleoside derivatives failed, because the activated phosphoramidite derivatives reacted with not only the hydroxyl groups but also another reactive species. An alternative approach was examined by the reaction of 5'-O-phosphoramidite adenosine derivatives with carboxamide derivatives. The TBTr and TSE groups were chosen for protection of the amino group of amino acid amides and the phosphate group, respectively. Detailed studies revealed that the use of 5-(3,5-dinitrophenyl)-1H-tetrazole as an activating catalyst of phosphoramidites resulted in rapid condensation within 10 min to give fully protected aa-AMPN derivatives. No side reaction occurred. Deprotection of these products via a two-step procedure gave aa-AMPN derivatives in good yields. It also turned out that aa-AMPNs thus obtained are stable under both acidic and basic conditions, such as 0.1 M HCl (pH 1.0) and 0.1 M NaOH (pH 13.0).
Adenosine Monophosphate↗
Differential response to corticosteroid therapy of MRI findings and clinical manifestations in spinal cord sarcoidosis.
Spinal cord sarcoidosis is a rare disorder whose natural history and therapeutic outcome are not fully known. We examined four patients with spinal cord sarcoidosis both clinically and radiologically, particularly in relation to corticosteroid treatment. The initial manifestation was cervical myelopathy in three and uveitis in one. All four patients progressed slowly until corticosteroid therapy was initiated. The cervical spine was involved in all patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) who showed spinal cord swelling with T2-weighted high intensity and linear leptomeningeal and patchy or diffuse intramedullary enhancement with gadolinium diethylene triamine-pentaacetic acid. With corticosteroid therapy, dramatic improvement was seen on MRI, including disappearance or marked reduction of swelling and enhancement. Plasma levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were also markedly improved. In contrast, the clinical symptoms were little improved in one patient, unchanged in two, and rather worsened in one patient. Recurrence was seen on MRI at the maintenance dose in all four patients, without any dramatic change in clinical manifestation. MRI findings and plasma ACE are well correlated with active lesion of the spinal cord sarcoidosis, providing a useful marker for recurrence, but do not parallel the clinical manifestations.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
Purification and partial characterization of alpha-mannosidase from Trypanosoma rangeli.
An alpha-mannosidase from Trypanosoma rangeli was partially purified by a protocol involving solubilization using lysis buffer followed by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose and Sephadex 100 columns. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 45 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and of 90 kDa as determined by gel filtration. The purified T. rangeli alpha-mannosidase has a pH optimum ranging between 5 and 6 and a temperature optimum of 37 degrees C. It has activation energy of 8.15 x 10(2) J mol(-1) K(-1). The enzyme has a Michaelis constant (Km) of 99 microM for the 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside substrate (MU-alpha-mann). It is strongly inhibited by swainsonine [inhibition constant (Ki) 0.048 microM] and is moderately inhibited by mannose and alpha-D-methylmannopyranoside. The enzyme activity is decreased in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Hg2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+.
Animals↗
Genetic structure of Trypanosoma cruzi in american continents: special emphasis on sexual reproduction in Central America.
Isozyme analysis (12 enzymes: 14 loci) was conducted on 99 isolates of Trypanosoma cruzi: 77 from Guatemala, 5 from Mexico and 17 from South American countries. Analyses of 4 population-genetic indices were undertaken to assess the possibility of genetic exchange occurring among Guatemalan isolates. The results provide evidence for a degree of genetic exchange occurring among isolates from this relatively small geographical area. Previous studies of population genetics on T. cruzi might have failed to detect this phenomenon because they tended to use isolates originating far from one another, rendering gene exchange unlikely for geographical reasons. Phylogenetic data, presented here, show considerable differences in genetic structure between Central and South American isolates, suggesting that different biological and clinical properties might be expected. For example, there are differences in clinical syndromes between Central and South America, a situation discussed further here.
Americas↗
Preparation and characterization of two crystalline forms of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-[(2S,4S)-1-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-4-pyrroli dinyl]benzamide (TKS159).
For 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-[(2S,4S)-1-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-4-pyrrolid inyl]benzamide (TKS159), two polymorphs, forms alpha and beta, were prepared and characterized by means of X-ray powder diffractometry, thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, both in the solution and solid phases. The X-ray powder diffraction analysis gave different patterns for forms alpha and beta. In the thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis profiles, form beta exhibited characteristic endo- and exothermic peaks at 112.7 degrees C and 116.2 degrees C, respectively, due to the partial melting-induced phase transition to form alpha without accompanying weight loss, and these were followed by an additional endothermic peak at 138.2 degrees C due to fusion. For form alpha, only an endothermic peak at 137.8 degrees C due to fusion was observed. The IR spectroscopic analyses of forms alpha and beta gave different absorption bands assigned to N-H and O-H stretching, N-H bending, and C=O stretching vibrations. From the data obtained by thermal analysis, form alpha was shown to be thermodynamically more stable than form beta.
Benzamides↗
Short report: possible Cryptosporidium muris infection in humans.
Oocysts of cryptosporidia whose morphology resembled that of Cryptosporidium muris were found in the stool of 2 healthy girls in Surabaya, Indonesia. The oocysts were predominantly oval and measured 7.75+/-0.17 x 5.55+/-0.13 microm (mean+/-SD). The number of oocysts excreted were more than 10(5) per gram of stool. The oocysts were well stained with fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody to Cryptosporidium. The specimens from both girls containing the oocysts showed a positive result by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific for the genus Cryptosporidium, but a negative result by the PCR using primers specific for C. parvum. The 2 girls passed oocysts for 5 and 6 days, respectively. They did not complain of any symptoms during the passage of oocysts.
Animals↗
[An autopsy case of bilateral carotid artery occlusion with repetitive epilepsy and brain atrophy in a senile patient].
A 67-year-old man was referred to us for tonic-clonic convulsions. A review of his history revealed that he had been hospitalized for loss of consciousness, hypotension, and suspected apoplexy at age 67. He had experienced prior tonic-clonic convulsions at age 72 and age 74. He had malaria and tuberculosis in his history but had been otherwise generally well. Physical examination was normal, and his blood pressure was 100/80 mmHg. Laboratory findings were normal except alcalinephosphatase (292 U/l) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(60 U/l). Neurological examination showed alert consciousness, mild upper gaze palsy, slight right-side hemiparesis and left Babinski signs was present. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed no abnormality, but cerebral angiography revealed bilateral carotid artery occlusion. There were abundant leptomeningeal anastomoses, and the posterior communicating artery was supplied by the left vertebral artery. Electroencephalography showed a spike wave in the temporal lobe and rebuild-up phenomenon in the right hemisphere. Brain atrophy in the anterior and temporal lobes progressed, and the patient experienced gradual disorientation, delirium and hypobulia. He was eventually bedridden. He also demonstrated repetitive tonic-clonic convulsions. After one convulsion, he remained unconscious and died of pneumonia. Autopsy revealed thickening of the intima and internal elastic lamina in the occluded internal carotid artery. The anterior and middle cerebral arteries showed the same pathological changes. Multiple small infarctions restricted to grey matter were present in the cerebral cortex and may have caused the progressive brain atrophy. There was no myelin pallor in the white matter of the cerebrum. Atherosclerotic changes, senile plaque, and neurofibrillary tangles were seen but were within normal limits. These pathological findings were strongly suggestive of moyamoya disease.
Aged↗
[Case of diabetes mellitus succumbing to multiple organ failure due to hemophagocytic syndrome complicating mucormycosis].
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Diabetes Complications↗
Synthesis and pharmacological activity of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-[(2S,4S)-1-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-4- pyrrolidinyl]benzamide (TKS159) and its optical isomers.
Of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-(1-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-4- pyrrolidinyl)benzamide, four optical isomers, (2S,4S)-1 (TKS159), (2S,4R)-25, (2R,4S)-26 and (2R,4R)-27, were prepared from optically active 4-amino-1-ethyl-2-hydroxymethylpyrrolidine di-p-toluenesulfonate [(2S,4S)-14, (2S,4R)-17, (2R,4S)-20 and (2R,4R)-23, respectively]. The requisites, (2S,4S)-14, (2S,4R)-17, (2R,4S)-20 and (2R,4R)-23, were prepared from a commercially available trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline. The absolute configurations of (2S,4S)-1 (TKS159), (2S,4R)-25, (2R,4S)-26 and (2R,4R)-27 were spectroscopically determined. Of the benzamide derivatives, four optical isomers, (2S,4S)-1, (2S,4R)-25, (2R,4S)-26 and (2R,4R)-27, showed a relatively potent affinity for 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 (5-HT4) receptors in a radioligand binding assay ([3H]GR113808). The activities of 25-27 were less effective than that of 1 for the gastric emptying of a phenol red semisolid meal in rats. All this suggests that the most potent of the isomers was 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-[(2S,4S)-1-ethyl-2- hydroxymethyl-4-pyrrolidinyl]benzamide (1).
Animals↗
Chronic Chagas' heart disease in a Japanese-Brazilian traveler. A case report.
A 57-year-old Japanese-Brazilian man, visiting Japan for only 9 days, was admitted to our hospital due to syncope and frequent ventricular premature beats. He grew up in a rural area of Brazil and moved to Sao Paulo in 1959 when he was 20 years old. We suspected chronic Chagas' heart disease, i.e., dilated cardiomyopathy with apical ventricular aneurysm, right bundle branch block with left anterior fascicular block, and various arrhythmias including supraventricular premature beats, ventricular premature beats and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia because he showed typical echo- and electrocardiographic features of the disease. Coronary arteriograms were normal, and left ventriculogram confirmed the existence of apical ventricular aneurysm. A left ventricle biopsy specimen showed hypertrophic cardiac muscle with mild fibrosis. The diagnosis of chronic Chagas' disease was finally confirmed by the demonstration of Trypanosoma cruzi itself in the blood as well as Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies.
Animals↗