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Biomedical subjects

T Yokoe

Publications and source records attributed to T Yokoe.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The effect of mass screening for breast cancer: results of a multivariate analysis.

To evaluate the life-prolonging effect of mass screening for breast cancer, we compared the risk of death for the patients detected by mass screening with that for the patients diagnosed in out-patient clinics, after adjusting for other relevant factors simultaneously by using the Cox regression model. A multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model in which clinical staging of disease was taken as one of the independent variables, showed that the risk of death for patients detected by mass screening was smaller by 0.765 times than that for patients found in out-patient clinics although the reduction was not statistically significant. This small reduction might be partly due to the effect of mass screening through early detection even within the same stage, and partly due to length bias, lead time bias and self-selection bias. When clinical staging of disease was removed from the independent variables, the risk of death for patients detected by mass screening was reduced from 0.765 times to 0.677 times that for patients diagnosed in out-patient clinics, which was statistically significant (P greater than 0.01). For asymptomatic patients detected by mass screening, such as reduction of the risk of death was from 0.789 times to 0.555 times that for patients found in out-patient clinics (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that mass screening for breast cancer may contribute to the reduction of the risk of death, although the effect of biases inherent in periodic screening was not removed completely in the present analysis.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Antitumor effects of a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (CGS 16949A) on 7, 12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene-induced mammary tumors in rats.

The effects of a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, CGS 16949A, on female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with 7, 12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary cancers were examined in relation to estrogen receptors (ER). Rat tumor sizes in each treated group were significantly smaller (P less than 0.05) and rat body weights in most treated groups were significantly increased (P less than 0.05) compared to those in the control group (no treatment) at all measurement points during treatment. Rat uterine weights in each treated group decreased significantly compared with those in the control group (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference between ER-positive and ER-negative groups in tumor size, body weight or uterine weight. At increased doses of CGS 16949A in the experiment, further increases in testosterone levels and further decreases in estradiol levels were shown to occur. The results suggest the mechanisms of CGS 16949A action not to be influenced by the presence or absence of ER, but to be due to its potent aromatase inhibition of the conversion of androgens to estrogens.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1990

DNA ploidy level and S-phase fraction as prognostic factors in breast cancer.

Imprint smears from sixty cases of breast cancer made after mastectomy were stained by the Feulgen method and the nuclear DNA content measured by a cytofluorometer equipped with an incident illumination system. After logarithmic transformation of the fluorescence intensity, the ploidy level and S-phase fraction (SPF) were calculated with a microcomputer and the correlation between the ploidy level or SPF and the clinicopathological prognostic factors studied. Patients with tumors of a larger diameter and more extensive lymph node involvement had higher levels of ploidy and SPF and the ploidy level in the metastatic lymph nodes was higher than that in the primary lesion. Moreover, a significant increase in SPF was observed in the metastatic lymph nodes and a high ploidy level found to be associated with tumors having a negative estrogen receptor. When the tumors were divided into a diploid group and an aneuploid group, the diploid group showed a significantly better prognosis than the aneuploid group, in 6-year survival. Similarly, the groups in which SPF was less than 20.0 per cent had significantly better prognoses than the group in which SPF was 20.1 per cent or more. These prognostic factors were evaluated with Cox's proportional hazard model and a significant correlation observed in lymph node status, ER status, ploidy level and S-phase fraction. It was thus concluded that ploidy level and SPF are important and independent prognostic factors for predicting the postoperative course of breast cancer patients.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

[Ten cases of an apocrine carcinoma of the breast and a review of cases in the Japanese literature].

To encounter an apocrine carcinoma of the breast is very rare. We have experienced, however, 10 cases of an apocrine carcinoma (0.65%) among 1541 primary breast carcinoma cases. The mean age of the patients was 58.1 years, and the tumor size on palpation ranged from 1.1 to 6.0 cm (mean 3.5 cm). A lymph node metastasis was seen in 5 cases. While one patient determined as being in stage III b of the disease died of the cancer approximately 5 months after surgery, all of other patients are still alive. The prognosis of this type of disease appears to be better than that of a common invasive ductal carcinoma. Thirty-four cases of an apocrine carcinoma have been found in the Japanese literature, this number including our 10 cases. Discussed are the clinicopathological features and the histogenesis of this type of cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Relationship of breast cancer and HLA in Japanese females].

One hundred and thirty-seven female breast cancer patients have been HLA-typed by a cytotoxicity test. Over all, no specific HLA antigen was found, though when the patients were divided into two groups, i.e., into those with bilateral or unilateral cancers, A24 and Cw7 was found to be significantly increased in the bilateral group. Further, a haplotype of A24-Cw7 was frequently seen in the bilateral group. No specific HLA antigen, however, was found in patients stratified by a familial history of cancer. It thus was concluded that bilateral breast cancer patients that have developed from patients with a unilateral cancer are detectable by HLA typing.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

[Role of cancer thermography for detection of breast cancer].

Out of one hundred and sixty-two patients that examined by contact thermography, forty-five cases involving 55 cancers were assessed for malignancy. The sensitivity and the specificity of this method of testing were 81.5% and 83.5%, respectively. False negative cases included early stage, small sized and papillotubular carcinomas. Twenty-five per cent of the fibroadenoma and mastopathy cases showed false positive findings. Further, half of the phyllodes tumor and mastitis cases also showed false positive findings. Two of six T0, Tis cases (33.3%) were diagnosed as malignant tumors by thermography. Contact thermographic examinations will be more widely used in the near future.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[Mass screening for breast cancer in Gunma prefecture--the results for 8 years and future problems].

In Gunma prefecture, mass screening for both breast and thyroid cancer at the same time was conducted between April 1980 and March 1988 with the cooperation of the Gunma Cancer Society. In this paper, the results of mass screening for breast cancer and further problems are reported and discussed. The total number of subjects during these eight years was 191, 603 on the first screening with physical examination alone. Of these, 18,208 (9.5%) examinees were required to attend the second examination. Breast cancer was detected in 159 cases. The detection rate was 0.08% among total subjects. Also thyroid cancer was detected in 244 (0.13%). The detection rate for breast cancer was approximately twice as high at the initial screening (0.11%) than at the subsequent periodic screening (0.06%). Patients with breast cancer detected by mass screening showed an earlier stage and a better prognosis compared with those of our ordinary outpatients. The 8-year disease-free survival rate in mass screening and in outpatient cases was 94.9% and 83.2%, respectively, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Interval breast cancer was also found in 19 cases (Tis; 1, Stage I; 8 and Stage II; 10) and 5 patients had nodal metastases. This mass screening program is a useful means for early discovery and early treatment of breast cancer. Hereafter, we should intend to increase the number of initial examinees and women aged 60 and over. Also it is important to make and train physicians for such screening, and to educate women about the practice of breast self-examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Recent trends in breast cancer surgery in Japan].

In the past ten years, extended or conventional radical mastectomies have decreased, being replaced by modified radical mastectomies (muscle-preserving mastectomies) such as Auchinoloss' operation and Patey's operation. Furthermore, limited surgeries for early cases such as partial mastectomy, lumpectomy etc. also have increased in the recent three years. The indications for these operations, the surgical techniques, postoperative functional and cosmetic problems were presented. And future problems as to partial mastectomy were also discussed. In contrast, aggressive surgery such as extensive resection of the chest wall for locally advanced breast cancer is useful as one of the therapeutic measures in the recent multidisciplinary treatments for breast cancer, in order to prolong the patient's survival and improve the quality of life. The techniques including the reconstruction using musculocutaneous flaps were also presented.

Breast↗
PubMed1988

[Changes of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) in rat peripheral blood--effect of hypophysectomy].

Accumulating evidence has emerged indicating that growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) is present not only in the hypothalamus but in other tissues as well. Using highly specific and sensitive radioimmunoassays and immunoaffinity chromatography, we found low but clearly measurable GRF-like immunoreactivity (GRF-LI) levels in rat peripheral plasma. In order to verify the immunological findings, the peripheral plasma GRF-LI was characterized using fast protein liquid chromatography. The immunological peak was eluted at the position of synthetic rat GRF standard. These findings demonstrate that rat peripheral plasma GRF is immunologically and chromatographically indistinguishable from authentic rat GRF. Moreover, we performed studies with hypophysectomy to assess whether peripheral plasma GRF-LI changes in physiological status. At 4 weeks after hypophysectomy, there was a significant (p less than 0.05) increment in the rat plasma GRF-LI [12.4 +/- 0.5 (+/- SEM) pg/ml in hypophysectomized rats as opposed to 5.8 +/- 0.4 pg/ml in sham-operated control rars]. On the other hand, hypothalamic GRF-LI fell significantly as compared that of controls (36.1 +/- 1.0 vs. 78.3 +/- 3.0 pg/mg wet weight tissue). A similar pattern of changes in GRF-LI at 10 weeks after hypophysectomy was also revealed. The source of rat peripheral plasma GRF has not yet been elucidated. Our results, however, may suggest that GRF levels are modulated by negative feedback at the level of the hypothalamus by a pituitary factor, presumably growth hormone (GH) and that hypothalamic GRF release exceeds its synthesis in hypophysectomized rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Corticotropin-releasing factor levels in the peripheral plasma and hypothalamus of the rat vary in parallel with changes in the pituitary-adrenal axis.

Impressive evidence has emerged indicating that immunoassayable and bioassayable CRF, which is immunoneutralizable, is present not only in the hypothalamus but in many peripheral tissues as well. Using highly specific and sensitive RIAs and immunoaffinity chromatography to investigate whether this extrabrain CRF circulates in the rat, we found low but clearly measurable levels in peripheral plasma (mean, 11.4 +/- 0.8 pg/ml). Immunological findings were corroborated by fast protein liquid chromatography, which resolves peptides by both hydrophobicity and ionic charge. With this approach the major immunoreactive peak was eluted at the position of synthetic rat CRF standard. To assess whether levels of peripheral plasma CRF-like immunoreactivity (CRF-LI) vary in parallel with those of hypothalamic CRF-LI, we performed studies with low and high dose dexamethasone administration and withdrawal, adrenalectomy, and hypophysectomy. Seven days after oral administration of dexamethasone, there was a decrement in the levels of peripheral plasma and hypothalamic CRF-LI. Depending on the dose, recovery was also found 7 days after cessation of the treatment. After either adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy, there were increments in the levels of CRF-LI in both peripheral plasma and hypothalamus. Thus, concentrations of CRF-LI in the peripheral plasma and in the hypothalamus vary in parallel in response to alterations in the pituitary-adrenal axis.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1986

[Selection of therapeutic procedures according to the clinicopathological features of breast cancer].

The therapeutic guidelines for breast cancer do not depend on histological type, by which prognosis can differ according to minor variations. Treatment for breast cancer is subdivided into two categories; one is for primary breast cancer which is curable by surgery and the other is for advanced or recurrent breast cancer. In the former category, the surgical method and adjuvant therapy are selected according to stage. In the latter, endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy are indicated in single or combined use. Main factors of selection in such cases are menopausal status, estrogen receptor status and site of distant metastasis.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1986

[Evaluation of a tumor-associated antigen CA 15-3 in the sera of patients with breast cancer].

Serum levels of CA 15-3 were determined in normal women and patients with breast cancer and other diseases. The serum concentration of normal subjects was 9.8 +/- 4.4 units/ml (mean +/- S.D., n = 97). The patients with primary and recurrent breast cancer had significantly higher levels of CA 15-3, their values being 23.1 +/- 59.6 (n = 47) and 127.6 +/- 179.7 (n = 32) units/ml, respectively. When the value of 20 units/ml was used as the cutoff for the normal value, the positive rates were 4%, 26% and 75% in normal women and breast cancer patients primary and recurrent, respectively. No increased levels were found in the sera of patients with benign breast diseases or with gastrointestinal, thyroid, lung and other cancers. The elevated levels of CA 15-3 decreased after successful therapy both in primary and recurrent breast cancer patients, while there was no change in nonresponders. The measurement of serum CA 15-3 would be useful for monitoring the therapy and for detection of the recurrence of breast cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[An analysis of treatments of recurrent breast cancer in relation to the lesion].

One hundred fifty-four patients being treated for recurrent breast cancer were studied for response rates and prognosis according to first recurrent lesions in radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy and combined therapy groups. It was important to consider the sites of the recurrent lesions in the treatments. Although there was no significant difference in prognosis among the first recurrent therapy groups, the overall cumulative five-year survival rate of the patients who responded (to the initial treatment) was significantly better than that of those who did not. As for the treatment of recurrent breast cancer, it is important to consider hormone receptor, lesion and age and to choose the effective mode of treatment for the first (recurrence of the) disease.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

[ACTH dependent Cushing's syndrome with an empty sella turcica: report of three cases with emphasis on diagnostic value of selective venous sampling].

Three cases of ACTH dependent Cushing's syndrome are reported with emphasis on diagnostic value of selective venous sampling. Case 1. A 44-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with clinical diagnosis of Cushing's disease. Endocrinological examination revealed typical data of Cushing's disease. High resolution CT scan showed an empty sella turcica, and a chest film showed multi-cystic lesion in the left lower lung field. In the first trial of selective venous sampling, central to peripheral ACTH ratio (C/P ratio) was high at the superior vena cava. So, an ectopic ACTH producing lung tumor was strongly suspected. Further examinations for lung tumor were performed, and finally showed lung cryptococcosis. Therefore, selective venous sampling was performed again, and pituitary ACTH dependency was diagnosed. An eccentric pituitary microadenoma was successfully removed by transsphenoidal surgery. Case 2. A 54-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with clinical diagnosis of Cushing's disease. In the endocrinological examinations plasma ACTH was not respond to provocation of LVP or CRF. In selective venous sampling, C/P ratios of ACTH were not greater than 2.0 at any sampling site. Further examinations showed lung tumor in the lower lobe of left lung. This tumor was surgically proved to be an ectopic ACTH producing lung carcinoid. Case 3. A 24-year-old female was admitted to our hospital for the purpose of further examination of Cushing's disease. Three years previously exploratory transsphenoidal surgery demonstrated an empty sella without adenoma. She received postoperative radiation therapy with a dose of 5000 rad. Endocrinological examination showed typical data due to Cushing's disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

[The relationship of breast cancer and thyroid diseases].

A relationship between breast cancer and thyroid diseases has been postulated for many years. Several studies have demonstrated an increased risk of breast carcinoma in patients with goiter, chronic thyroiditis (hypothyroidism) or thyroid supplement therapy itself, while others have shown either a slight, nonsignificant excess or none at all. In an overview of the literature, the results were inconclusive and rather controversial in each other. Apart from the thyroid disorders mentioned above, a relationship between thyroid cancer and breast cancer also has been suggested in the recent studies. This is rather probable as a fact, but common risk factors for the two cancers have not been clarified yet and remains in future problem.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

[Clinico-pathological studies of non-palpable breast lesions with mammographically detected microcalcifications].

Fourty-two patients with suspected non-palpable cancer of the breast due to microcalcifications detected by mammography were studied. Histologically, carcinoma was found in 17 cases (40.5%) and benign lesions in 25 cases (32 foci) at biopsy or operation. Eight cases of these carcinomas were noninvasive and seven were microinvasive. Axillary metastasis was present in only one case. Sites of calcifications were confined to the area of carcinoma in 12 patients; both within a carcinoma and adjacent benign lesions in 3; only within the adjacent benign diseases in two. The features of microcalcification was not always useful to differentiate accurately the benign from the malignant. Therefore, local excision is essential to ensure histological diagnosis in the non-palpable breast lesions with microcalcification.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and its diurnal rhythm in patients with Cushing's disease].

Since Vale et al isolated and sequenced a 41 amino acid peptide with corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) activity from ovine hypothalami, intensive works have been done about its physiological activity and intracerebral distribution. However, little has been done yet about CRF metabolism in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Using a specific ovine CRF radioimmunoassay (RIA), we measured the levels of CRF in CSF from 16 patients with Cushing's disease (group I), 8 patients with Acromegaly (group II), 5 patients with Prolactinoma (group III) and 10 patients without endocrine abnormalities (group IV). Moreover diurnal changes of CRF in CSF from 2 patients with Acromegaly and 2 patients with Cushing's disease were examined. Dilution curves of CRF in CSF were parallel to that of synthetic ovine CRF standard. The intraassay coefficient of variation was 9.2% and the interassay coefficient of variation 12.6%. The concentrations of CRF in CSF of groups I, II, III and IV were 38.83 +/- 9.02 pg/ml (mean +/- SD), 44.24 +/- 4.71, 47.62 +/- 8.05 and 49.45 +/- 12.86, respectively. Group I was significantly lower than group IV (p less than 0.05). On the other hand, group II or III was not significantly different from group IV. A diurnal rhythm of CRF in CSF was observed in 2 patients with Acromegaly. However, there was almost no change in the 2 patients with Cushing's disease. In considering rich amount of CRF in hypothalamus and CRF-positive fibers surrounding the third ventricle, CRF content in CSF seems to reflect mainly its metabolic activity in hypothalamus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acromegaly↗