Biomedical subjects

T Zane

Publications and source records attributed to T Zane.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1987

Effects of fenfluramine on the behavior of autistic individuals.

The present report, part of a national, multicenter study to investigate the effects of fenfluramine on autistic behavior, describes findings on four autistic children ranging in age from 7 to 20 years. Additional performance and parental observation measures apart from those of the multicenter study are included. Results of this study which indicated no significant side effects, a reduction in some deviant behaviors and an improvement in activity level/attention span, provide support for earlier reports. The possibility that fenfluramine's apparently positive effects might be to simply reduce inappropriate behaviors via lethargy was examined and not supported.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Delayed prompting: a review of procedural variations and results.

The delayed prompt procedure transfers stimulus control via the introduction of a time delay between the presentation of a stimulus and a prompt. This procedure has received increasingly greater attention in the literature during the past decade. The present paper reviews 26 studies that used the delayed prompt procedure in applied and laboratory settings. Subjects included developmentally disabled children and adults as well as children of normal intelligence who were taught a wide variety of tasks. Procedural variations across studies were noted in delay length and ceiling, criterion for increasing the delay, mastery criterion, and error correction. Results suggest that the delayed prompt procedure is an efficient teaching stategy, with subjects typically acquiring discriminations within a few training sessions or limited number of trials. However, not all subjects have benefited from the procedure. Additionally, little maintenance data have appeared in the literature, raising questions about long-term effectiveness. Alternative explanations for the reported success of the procedure as well as future areas of research are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Stimulus functions in response chaining.

Behavior analysts have conceptualized chaining from two different positions: Position 1 (responses function as discriminative stimuli for subsequent responses) and Position 2 (responses produce stimuli that function as discriminative stimuli for subsequent responses). Twenty-four mentally retarded adults learned a chain of circuit board assembly responses consisting of placing resistors in the board and pressing switches. Lights came on after switch responses. After learning the chain, each subject was exposed to three experimental conditions (counterbalanced): (a) altered stimulus location, (b) altered stimulus sequence, and (c) missing stimulus. Although a clear test of Position 1 was not made, some support for Position 2 was obtained. Alternate interpretations were discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Trainers' personal methods compared to two structured training strategies.

Training methods naturally employed by trainers were analyzed and compared to systematic structured training procedures. Trainers first taught using their own (personal) method, which was recorded in terms of types of prompts given, timing of prompts, consequences, and type of task sequencing. Trainers were then required to teach by using either a structured whole method or backward chaining. Trainers used more preresponse prompts than error-correction prompts and more praise than reprimands in their personal methods. Fewest errors and lowest error rates were associated with the backward chaining method and preresponse prompts. Most errors and highest error rates were associated with the structured whole method and postresponse (error-correction) prompts. Consequences did not yield systematic variation in time to criterion.

Achievement↗