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Tadao Kawamura

Publications and source records attributed to Tadao Kawamura.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Epilepsy in patients with spina bifida in the lumbosacral region.

This study aimed to assess the relevance of epilepsy and spina bifida in the lumbosacral region. We evaluated 75 patients with spina bifida admitted to the Kyushu University Hospital from 1980 to 2004. Patients were classified as having meningocele (MC, 4 cases), myelomeningocele (MMC, 6), myeloschisis (MS, 45), and lumbosacral lipoma (LL, 20). Nine cases had epileptic disorders, and all showed MS. Meticulous neuroradiological investigations revealed cerebral abnormalities such as polymicrogyria or hypogenesis of the corpus callosum in all epileptic cases. Locations of cerebral abnormalities topographically correlated with areas of interictal EEG abnormalities. Although all epileptic cases had ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt for hydrocephalus before the onset of epilepsy, interictal EEG abnormalities could not be explained by location of the VP shunt. In all LL patients, neither history of epilepsy nor cerebral abnormalities were noted on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Epileptogenesis in spina bifida patients seemed to correlate with coexisting cerebral abnormalities in MS patients rather than with the VP shunt. However, not all spina bifida patients associated with cerebral abnormalities had epilepsy, and not all cerebral abnormalities were epileptogenic, suggesting that epilepsy in spina bifida patients was multifactorial.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

An astroblastoma case associated with loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 9p.

The tumorigenesis of astroblastomas has not yet been elucidated on the basis of histopathological studies, and genetic studies may be useful for obtaining additional information regarding the tumorigenesis of these tumors. Here, we report an astroblastoma case in which a genetic analysis was performed. A 16-year-old female with a progressive headache was found to have a demarcated cystic tumor with a mural nodule in the right parietal lobe. Total removal of the tumor was achieved and a histological examination verified that the tumor was an astroblastoma. A genetic analysis using microsatellite markers revealed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 9p. The postoperative course was uneventful and, to date, she has been followed up for 2 years with no signs of recurrence. This is the first reported case of an astroblastoma in which LOH was detected on 9p. Based on this result, the tumorigenesis of astroblastomas is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Surgical treatment for temporal lobe epilepsy in patients over age 50 years].

We retrospectively analyzed 4 patients over age 50 (52 - 57) years with intractable medial temporal lobe epilepsy(MTLE) who underwent the anterior temporal lobectomy with hippocampectomy. Case 1 had MTLE with old brain abscess in the left lateral temporal lobe and Cases 2 - 4 had MTLE with histologically verified hippocampal sclerosis. In Cases 2 - 4, although the onset of seizures occurred 26 to 37 years prior to the time of surgery, there was no mental problem (IQ = 87 - 100). In Cases 1, chronic invasive electrocorticography recording using subdural electrodes was obtained, while in Case 2 - 4, the epileptogenic region was defined by noninvasive preoperative evaluation. Postoperatively, all patients obtained a meaningful improvement, becoming either free from seizures or only experiencing a rare seizure, and returned to work or usual activities without surgical complications. Surgery for MTLE appears to be effective for older individuals and carries a small risk of postoperative complications.

Anterior Temporal Lobectomy↗
PubMed2004

[Postoperative transient hemiplegia after resection of the medial frontal tumor involving the supplementary motor area: report of two cases].

The supplementary motor cortex (SMA) is located anterior to the primary motor cortex, and is considered to play an important role in planning, initiating and maintaining sequential motor actions. Disturbance of this area sometimes causes severe contralateral hemiplegia. If the disturbance doesn't affect the primary motor cortex, motor function will recover in relatively early postoperative time. We encountered two cases in which the patients developed postoperative severe hemiplegia after resection of a medial frontal lobe glioma, although there was no apparent change shown in the monitoring of intraoperative motor evoked potential (MEP). Both cases recovered from hemiplegia in the early postoperative period. In our cases, the disturbances of SMA were considered to be the causes of the development of transient hemiplegia. Intraoperative MEP monitoring is useful to distinguish the damage of the primary motor area from that of the SMA.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Temporal lobe epilepsy associated with cystic lesion in the temporal lobe and middle cranial fossa].

Four patients out of 52 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), who underwent epilepsy surgery in our hospital since September of 1994, had cystic lesions in the temporal lobe and middle cranial fossa. Case 1 had old hematoma cavity in the inferior temporal gyrus and chronic subdural electrode recording revealed the ictal onset zone to be localized in the ipsilateral medial temporal region. Case 2 had cystic ganglioglioma in the temporal tip, and intraoperative electrocorticography demonstrated independent paroxysmal activities from medial temporal region and temporal tip near the cyst. Both area were resected and the patients became seizure free. Case 3 and 4 had arachnoid cysts in the middle cranial fossa. Chronic subdural electrode recording revealed that the ictal onset zone was localized in the ipsilateral inferior temporal gyrus (that had microdysgenesis) in Case 3 and contralateral medial temporal region (that had hippocampal sclerosis) in Case 4, respectively. These finding suggest that co-existence of extra-axial cyst such as Case 3 and 4 is incidental and that arachnoid cyst is less epileptogenic. However, intra-axial cyst such as Case 1 and 2 is epileptogenic and complicated physiological mechanism such as kindling phenomenon or secondary epileptogenesis may effect on the hippocampus. Comprehensive presurgical evaluation including electrocorticography is needed in the surgical treatment of TLE with cystic lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis and a contralateral middle fossa arachnoid cyst.

We report on a 13-year-old boy with temporal lobe epilepsy associated with left hippocampal sclerosis and a contralateral arachnoid cyst in the middle cranial fossa (ACMCF). Chronic intracranial recording from subdural grid electrodes showed the left medial temporal lobe to be the ictal onset zone. After left anterior temporal lobectomy with hippocampectomy, seizure control was improved. ACMCF was not considered the direct cause of epilepsy; instead the seizures were attributed to hippocampal sclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Unilateral striatal damage following status epilepticus of ipsilateral frontal lobe origin.

A 35-year-old man with an old contusional haematoma in the right frontal lobe developed status epilepticus (SE) of right frontal origin. On magnetic resonance (MR) images 10 days after SE, the right striatum showed signal enhancement with Gd-DTPA administration. Subsequent MR imaging 1 month later indicated prolonged T1 and T2 relaxation times in the right striatum. Prolonged seizure activity in the frontal lobe may have induced excitatory neurotoxicity in the ipsilateral striatum, with occurrence of delayed neuronal damage as a result.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Callosal anomalies in patients with spinal dysraphism: correlation of clinical and neuroimaging features with hemispheric abnormalities.

Dysgenesis of the corpus callosum can occur in association with spinal dysraphic lesions. Clinical and neuroimaging features were reviewed in 23 patients (12 male, 11 female; mean age 11.3 years) with caudal spinal dysraphism (myeloschisis in eight, meningomyelocele in 10, and lumbosacral lipoma in five) to characterize types and degrees of callosal and other cerebral anomalies. T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained, and the total midsagittal cross-sectional area of the corpus callosum was determined. The corpus callosum appeared normal in nine patients and was abnormal in 14. In five patients the corpus callosum was narrow, with all regions present; the cerebral hemispheres were hypoplastic. Two patients with dysgenesis of frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes had a small, partly agenetic corpus callosum. In the remaining seven patients the posterior third of the corpus callosum was absent or hypoplastic; six of them had ventriculomegaly that selectively affected the occipital horns (colpocephaly). All callosal anomalies were accompanied by hemispheric ones. This supports a disordered developmental relationship between the corpus callosum and the hemispheres as a cause. Spinal dysraphism can no longer be considered a single developmental abnormality, given the frequent association of other defects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Temporal lobe epilepsy and corpora amylacea in the hippocampus: clinicopathologic correlation.

Corpora amylacea (CoA) have been found in about 60% of neurosurgical specimens showing hippocampal sclerosis (HS). To determine clinical and neuroimaging differences between HS with and without CoA, we studied 29 patients (21 male, 8 female; age at surgery, 12 to 49 years) who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy for intractable medial temporal lobe epilepsy. No CoA were noted in the hippocampus of 11 cases, and deposition of CoA was mild and limited to the subependymal and vestigial hippocampal sulcus regions in nine cases; in nine cases, moderate to marked deposition was noted in the pyramidal cell layer, accompanying severe neuronal loss. No significant differences were evident between these three groups for age at onset, frequency and duration of epileptic seizures, the average age at surgery, or surgical results. Hippocampal hyperintensity in fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance images tended to increase with increasing hippocampal deposition of CoA. Formation of CoA appears to be a response to neuronal loss in the pyramidal cell layer, being related to the epileptogenic process as a consequence rather than a cause.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[A case of medial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with occult focal cortical dysplasia in the lateral temporal neocortex].

A 29-year-old male with medial temporal lobe epilepsy(MTLE) was revealed to have "occult" focal cortical dysplasia(FCD) in the lateral temporal neocortex. He had no history of febrile convulsion and developed complex partial seizure at the age of 14 year, which became intractable. Although MRI failed to reveal structural abnormality in the temporal lobe, even retrospectively, the findings of non-invasive preoperative examination, such as video-EEG monitoring and interictal ECD-SPECT and FDG-PET, were consistent with those of the left MTLE. Intraoperative electrocorticography(ECoG) demonstrated almost continuous paroxysmal activities on the anterior part of the inferior temporal gyrus(ITG). Anterior temporal lobectomy(ATL) with hippocampectomy was performed. Histological examination revealed FCD in the small area with 0.8 mm in diameter of the resected ITG. In the ATL without preoperative invasive examination such as chronic subdural electrode recording, intraoperative ECoG recording is mandatory.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Magnetoencephalographic and electroencephalographic source localization of the interictal spike activities in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy].

Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) and electroencephalographic (EEG) source localization of the interictal spike activities was performed in 5 patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) to clarify the usefulness of MEG as the preoperative noninvasive examination. According to the Ebersole's classification based on the pattern of spike source localization and orientation, three patients were classified to posterior temporal vertical type, one anterior temporal horizontal type, and one anterior temporal vertical type. In all cases, the MEG and EEG spike did not completely coincide in waveform with each other. The latency of the best correlated equivalent current dipole (ECD) with MEG was slightly shorter than the peak latency of EEG spike. Although the EEG-source montage images at this latency were failed to reveal the potential to be localized to the medial temporal lobe, they demonstrated the potential to extend to the lateral temporal lobe at the peak latency of EEG spike. All patients became seizure free following anterior temporal lobectomy with hippocampectomy. The MEG spike source localization based on the Ebersole's classification may be calculated by the potential extended to the lateral temporal lobe, and, thus, was not useful in the diagnosis of MTLE and for predicting postoperative seizure outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Pathophysiology of medial temporal lobe epilepsy: role of cerebral dysgenesis].

We studied the incidence of cerebral dysgenetic lesions(CD) in 39 operated patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy(MTLE) who had hippocampal sclerosis. Four patients had CD, such as menigocele at the ipsilateral temporal fossa, schizencephaly in the ipsilateral peri-Rolandic area, focal cortical dysplasia in the ipsilateral inferior temporal gyrus and periventricular nodular heterotopia at the bilateral inferior horns of the lateral ventricle. Histological examinations of the resected lateral temporal lobes from 29 MTLE patients revealed the presence of microdysgenesis (microscopic cerebral dysgenesis) in 28 patients, including heterotopic white matter neuron(24 cases), molecular layer neuron(14), oligodendroglial cell cluster(11), dilated perivascular space(10). These findings suggest that the congenital factors, as well as hippocampal sclerosis, may be involved in the development of MTLE.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Fetal germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage associated with periventricular leukomalacia].

Subependymal germinal matrix hemorrhage with intraventricular hemorrhage(SEIVH) is a common complication associated with delivery in preterm neonates but has rarely been observed in the fetus. We report a fetus with SEIVH, hydrocephalus and periventricular leukomalacia(PVL). Although this fetus had uneventful prenatal periods, transabdominal ultrasound examination(US) at 33 weeks of pregnancy revealed SEIVH and hydrocephalus, and MRI at 36 weeks did associated PVL. While no events reported that could explain the onset of SEIVH, PVL was considered to be the results of anoxic events associated with SEIVH. In addition to US, information provided by fetal MRI, especially T 2-weighted image, permits a better understanding of the pathophysiology of fetal SEIVH with PVL.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Symmetrical hemispheric porencephalic cysts due to twin embolization syndrome: a case report].

Twin embolization syndrome (TES) is a complication of monozygotic twining following in utero demise of the co-twin. Passage of thromboplastic materials into the circulation of the surviving fetus results in ischemic structural defects of various systemic organs including the central nervous system (CNS). In our case of monozygotic twining prenatal sonography at the 18th week of gestation revealed intracranial abnormality and demise of the co-twin. Postnatal MRI demonstrates localized cerebral parenchymal defects (porencephalic cysts) in the bilateral hemispheres, which probably were the sequelae to the occlusion of the peripheral branches of the bilateral middle cerebral arteries. She developed physio-mental retardation and subsequently West syndrome. At the 6th months, right porencephalic cyst-peritoneal shunt was performed for progressive enlargement of the head. While the enlargement of the head was well controlled, no changes in her epileptic symptoms were noted. The development of generalized epilepsy in our case may indicate that the involvement of the CNS with TES in our case is not restricted to the porencephalic cysts and their surrounding areas.

Brain↗