Tadashi Sawai | PubMed Health

PubMed2006

[Galen's "On the anatomy of veins and arteries" translation from the Greek text and discussion].

Galen's treatise "On the anatomy of veins and arteries" was translated literally from the Greek text (Kühn's edition, vol. 2, pp. 779-830) into Japanese, utilizing a knowledge of anatomy. The previous Latin and English translations, as well as the descriptions of the vascular system in the other Galenic texts such as "Anatomical Procedures" were utilized as references for the present translation. The present study has identified many branches of veins and arteries, and discussed the influence on anatomy until Vesalius. For example, Galen considered that the main trunk of the portal vein sent off 7 branches, and Avicenna's "Canon" and Mondino's "Anatomia" identified a trunk and 8 branches, whereas Vesalius found bifurcation of the portal vein as in the modern anatomy. As to the vein of the forearm, Galen found 3 superficial veins including the central largest one and Vesalius' "Tabulae anatomicae" depicted this arrangement of veins, whereas Vesalius' 'Fabrica" corrected this erroneous description, based on anatomical findings. The precise understanding of Galenic anatomy provides essential information to understand the developing process of Vesalius' anatomy.

Arteries↗

PubMed2005

[Laurentius on anatomy].

Andreas Laurentius wrote Opera anatomica (1593) and Historia anatomica (1600). These books were composed of two types of chapters; 'historia' and 'quaestio'. His description is not original, but take from other anatomists. 'Historia' describes the structure, action and usefulness of the body parts clarified after dissection. 'Quaestio' treats those questions which could not be solved only by dissection. Laurentius cited many previous contradicting interpretations to these questions and choose a best interpretation for the individual questions. In most cases, Laurentius preferred Galen's view. Historia anatomica retained almost all the 'historia' and 'quaestio' from Opera anatomica, and added some new 'historia' and 'quaestio', especially in regard to the components of the body, such as ligaments, membranes, vessels, nerves and glands. Other new 'historia' and 'quaestio' in Historia anatomica concerned several topics on anatomy in general to comprehensively analyze the history of anatomy, methods of anatomy, and usefulness of anatomy. Historia anatomica reviewed what was anatomy by describing in 'historia' what was known and in 'quaestio' what was unresolved. Till now Laurentius's anatomical works have attracted little attention because his description contained few original findings and depended on previous books. However, the important fact that Historia anatomica was very popular in the 17th century tells us that people needed non-original and handbook style of this textbook. Historia anatomica is important for further research on the propagation of anatomical knowledge from professional anatomists to non-professionals in the 17th century.

Anatomy↗