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Biomedical subjects

Takeshi Kusunoki

Publications and source records attributed to Takeshi Kusunoki.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

A case of calcific retropharyngeal tendinitis suspected to be a retropharyngeal abscess upon the first medical examination.

We report a case of calcific retropharyngeal tendonitis that was difficult to distinguish from retropharyngeal abscess. The patient was a 34-year-old woman who complained of severe cervical pain and stiffness for 1 day. She had a fever and moderately elevated WBC. Fine needle aspiration of the swollen region of the retropharyngeal wall could not elucidate the pus characteristics. Enhanced CT scan showed no signs of an abscess, but clearly showed calcifications in front of the C1-2 cervical spine. An emergency drainage operation was avoided, and the patient fully recovered after treatment with NSAIDs and steroids.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The role of estrogen and Cu, Zn-SOD on histological changes after menopause in female rat parotid.

OBJECTIVE: Generally, postclimacteric women are susceptible to xerostomia. Therefore, correlations between xerostomia and sex hormones have been studied. Previously, we reported that a reduction of estrogen (belongs to female hormones) could have influence on age-related histological changes in female rat parotids induced by apoptosis. One component of inducing apoptosis is free radical. Recently, it have been noticed that free radical have an effect on aging. A living body has superoxide dismutase (SOD), which can eliminate free radical. SOD decreases according as aging. Therefore, we investigated that the role of estrogen and Cu, Zn-SOD on histological changes after menopause in female rat parotid. METHODS: Apoptosis was observed by TUNEL staining. Cu, Zn-SOD was examined by immunochemical staining. Cu, Zn-SOD and apoptosis of rats having undergone only ovariectomy were compared to rats with natural aging and to those having been administered estrogen infusion after ovariectomy. RESULTS: In natural aging groups, TLI (TUNEL labeling index) mean of postmenopausal rats significantly showed higher than premenopause. On groups of ovariectomized rat, TLI means with estrogen infusion after ovariectomy were significantly lower than only ovariectomy. The positive Cu, Zn-SOD in groups with estrogen infusion after ovariectomy were stronger than a group with only ovariectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that estrogen and Cu, Zn-SOD could suppress histologically aging changes in parotid of female rat induced by apoptosis and that estrogen could have influence on the production of Cu, Zn-SOD.

Aging↗
PubMed2005

Cochlear changes in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of diabetes on cochlear elements in human beings. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Twenty-six temporal bones (mean age, 37.5 years) with type 1 diabetes and 30 age-matched controls were examined by light microscopy. We compared the findings of cochlear vessels, hair cells, spiral ganglion cells, and cochlear lateral walls. RESULTS: In diabetics, the walls of vessels of the basilar membrane (P < 0.001) and vessels of the stria vascularis were (P < 0.01) significantly thicker in all turns and loss of outer hair cells (OHCs) was significantly greater in the lower basal turn (P < 0.01). Atrophy of the stria vascularis in all turns (P < 0.0001) and loss of spiral ligament cells in upper turns (P < 0.01) were significantly higher than controls. No significant difference was obtained in the number of spiral ganglion cells between groups. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that type 1 diabetes mellitus can cause cochlear microangiopathy and subsequently degeneration of cochlear lateral walls and OHCs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Quantitative study of the vestibular sensory epithelium in cochleosaccular dysplasia.

BACKGROUND: Cochleosaccular dysplasia is the most common pathologic finding seen in children with profound congenital sensorineural hearing loss. There has been no quantitative study on the peripheral vestibular system in cochleosaccular dysplasia. OBJECTIVE: To investigate quantitatively the extent of pathologic changes of the vestibular sensory epithelium in cochleosaccular dysplasia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirteen temporal bones with congenital deafness from 10 individuals were selected for this study from the temporal bone collection of University of Minnesota that showed suitable pathologic findings for the histopathologic criteria of cochleosaccular dysplasia. Age-matched normal control temporal bones were also selected. The vestibular hair cells including types I and II hair cells were counted separately in the saccular macula, utricular macula, and three cristae of the semicircular canals using Nomarski microscopy. RESULTS: The hair cell densities of types I and II hair cells in the macula of the saccule in cochleosaccular dysplasia were significantly decreased compared with the data of normal subjects. Both types I and II hair cells in the utricular macula and the cristae of the three semicircular canals in cochleosaccular dysplasia were well preserved, and no significant difference was observed between findings of cochleosaccular dysplasia and normal controls in the utricle and the three semicircular canals. CONCLUSIONS: In cases with cochleosaccular dysplasia, the neurosensorial hair cells of the saccule were affected; however, the osseous labyrinth, the membranous utricle, and the semicircular canals were normal. Further studies should be performed to establish the pathogenesis of cochleosaccular dysplasia in humans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Cupular deposits and aminoglycoside administration in human temporal bones.

In this study, the deposits of basophilic material on the cupula of the semicircular canals in temporal bones from patients who had aminoglycoside administration within six months prior to death were compared with normal temporal bones. Subjects were divided into two groups. Group I included 24 normal control temporal bones age-matched to group II patients. Group II consisted of 23 temporal bones that had received aminoglycosides within six months prior to death. All temporal bones were examined under light microscopy. One (4.2 per cent) of 24 temporal bones in group I (normal) showed basophilic deposits. In group II, deposits were observed in 8 (34.8 per cent) of 23 temporal bones. The prevalence of basophilic deposits in group II was significantly higher than group I. This study demonstrates that within six months after aminoglycoside administration there is an increased prevalence of basophilic deposits on the surface of the cupula. Such changes may be related to the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) seen in some patients who have had aminoglycoside administration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Massive endolymphatic sac and vestibular aqueduct in Mondini dysplasia.

A postmortem study was performed on the bilateral temporal bones of a 90-year-old woman who had a lifelong profound hearing impairment. The histopathologic findings included severe Mondini dysplasia with unusual enlargement of the vestibular aqueducts and endolymphatic sacs. Dehiscent carotid arteries and dehiscent facial nerves were also present. The clinical and surgical aspects of the case are discussed based on the histopathologic findings. The physician should be prepared to diagnose congenital hearing impairment promptly to avoid complications during the clinical and surgical treatment of patients with Mondini dysplasia.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Effects of aminoglycoside administration on cochlear elements in human temporal bones.

OBJECTIVE: Although there have been numerous reports on the relationship between the period of aminoglycoside administration and cochlear damage in animals, to date there have been no such studies in humans. The purpose of this study is to observe the early and late cochlear effects of aminoglycoside administration on hair cells, spiral ganglion cells, stria vascularis, and spiral ligament. METHODS: Specimens were divided into three groups. Group I included "normal" temporal bones with no histopathologic findings of otitis media and no history of otologic or ototoxic drug administration. Group II consisted of temporal bones that received aminoglycosides within 2 weeks before death and group III of temporal bones that had aminoglycosides from 2 weeks to 6 months prior to death. Patients in groups II and III received gentamycin, kanamycin or tobramycin. Temporal bones were excluded from groups II and III if patients had a history of otologic disease or other ototoxic drugs. All temporal bones were examined under light microscopy. Standard cytocochleograms and spiral ganglion cell reconstructions were done on all temporal bones. Morphometric measurements of areas of stria vascularis were made in all turns of the cochlea on mid-modiolar sections. Spiral ligament was divided into four segments according to the locations of different types of fibrocytes. The mean loss of fibrocytes in each segment was estimated. RESULTS: The percentages of intact outer hair cells in the basal turn were significantly greater in group I compared to groups II and III. The mean area of the stria vascularis in the apical turn was significantly less in groups II and III compared to group I. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that in a short period (within 2 weeks) after aminoglycoside administration, a decrease in hair cells and in the area of the stria vascularis occurred.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

Age-related histopathologic changes in the human cochlea: a temporal bone study.

OBJECTIVES: Previous reports on aging of human cochlea included subjects with ear diseases or ototoxic drugs. We studied spiral ganglion cells, hair cells, and lateral wall of cochlea from subjects without ear disease or ototoxic drugs. STUDY DESIGN: This study included 39 temporal bones from 24 subjects aged 1 day to 86 years. We assessed standard cytocochleograms, mean loss of fibrocytes in spiral ligament, and areas of stria vascularis. RESULTS: Losses of outer hair cells and fibrocytes were significantly greater in children, adults, and the elderly compared with infants. Spiral ganglion cell loss was significantly greater in adults and elderly compared with infants and children. Areas of stria vascularis of infants were significantly larger than the elderly. CONCLUSIONS: Degenerative changes of outer hair cells occur in children but spiral ganglion cells remain the same until around 20 years. Degeneration of stria vascularis due to aging appears to be slower than spiral ligament. EBM RATING: C.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Cochleosaccular dysplasia: a morphometric and histopathologic study in a series of temporal bones.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to perform a morphometric analysis of a series of temporal bones with cochleosaccular dysplasia to clarify the extent of inner ear changes in this disease. STUDY DESIGN: This human temporal bone histopathologic study of a series of deaf-mute cases involves morphometric analysis, including stria vascularis and spiral ligament area measurements and spiral ganglion and hair cells counts. SUBJECTS: Thirteen temporal bones were selected from 35 with deaf mutism based on the histopathologic findings described by Scheibe. Twenty normal age-matched control subjects were used for comparisons. RESULTS: All temporal bones had the main histopathologic findings described by Scheibe, as well as severe affected stria vascularis. Seven temporal bones had cystic areas in the stria and three had concretions. Cross-sectional strial areas in temporal bones with cochleosaccular dysplasia were smaller than normal in all cochlear turns; however, no difference was found in spiral ligament cross-sectional areas. Reissner's membrane was hydropic in three temporal bones and the organ of Corti was absent in at least one cochlear turn in five. Concretions were present in the macula of seven temporal bones. Twelve temporal bones showed some level of spiral ganglion cell loss. No hair cells were observed in any temporal bone. A familial history of deafness was found in three cases. CONCLUSION: Pathologic findings were variable and limited to the saccule and scala media. The variation, perhaps, reflects the different etiologies involved in the origin of cochleosaccular dysplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Histopathological findings of human thyroid tumors and dynamic MRI.

OBJECTIVE: Time intensity curves for gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaceticacid (Gd-DTPA) enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), namely dynamic MRI, were determined for thyroid diseases, and compared with findings of histopathologic examination. METHODS: Time intensity curves for the thyroid tumors were determined. Three different patterns of time intensity curves were observed: a rapid washout pattern, a delayed washout pattern and no change. Cell proliferating activities of thyroid tumors were estimated immunohistochemically by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). RESULTS: In most of malignant diseases and a few benign diseases that had marked cell proliferative activity with showing more than 20% on labeling indexes of PCNA, the time intensity curve displayed the delayed washout pattern, in which intensity was above half-maximal value within 10 min after injection Gd-DTPA. Almost all benign diseases and a few well differentiated carcinomas displayed the rapid washout pattern, in which intensity was decreased to lower than half of peak grade within 10 min following injection and showed from 10 to 20% on labeling indexes of PCNA. Benign diseases that displayed no change of time intensity curve did not show PCNA positive cells. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that the time intensity curve obtained from dynamic MRI might indicate cell proliferating activity of thyroid tumors.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2002

Type IV collagen, type IV collagenase activity and ability of cell proliferation in human thyroid tumours.

BACKGROUND: The processes of malignant tumour invasion and metastasis are known to include the destruction of cell stroma and vascular basement membrane. It has been suggested that type IV collagenase degrades type IV collagen, a main component of the basement membrane. METHODS: In our study, type IV collagenase activity in human thyroid tumours was measured by the Liotta method. The degree of destruction of diseased regions of thyroid tumours was immunohistochemically determined by anti-type IV collagen antibody staining. Cell proliferation in the tumours was estimated using anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). RESULTS: T4 thyroid carcinomas with higher type IV collagenase activity and very weak type IV discontinuous immunostaining for type IV collagen of follicular basement membranes, exhibited many PCNA or EGFR positive cells. In benign tumours, normofollicular- or macrofollicular-type tumours with low type IV collagenase activity showed few PCNA and EGFR positive cells and intact type IV collagen of basement membranes, as seen in normal thyroids. Conversely, an atypical adenoma with higher type IV collagenase activity showed many PCNA and EGFR positive cells and weak type IV discontinuous immunostaining for type IV collagen, as in thyroid carcinomas. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that staining for type IV collagen and type IV collagenase activity reflect the ability of cell proliferation, and help predict the aggressiveness of invasion and metastasis in human thyroid tumours.

Cell Division↗
PubMed2002

Correlation between morphology of colonies formed by human thyroid tumor cells in collagen gel culture and invasive ability.

Two different types of colonies from human thyroid papillary carcinomas were observed in collagen gel culture. One was a branching type, with many three-dimensional outgrowths. The other was a spherical type, with no outgrowths. As viewed by electron microscopy, the tumor cells of spherical-type colonies had more microvilli on their surfaces than did cells in the branching-type colonies. Histochemically, the tumor cells of spherical-type colonies had stronger positive reactions than did tumor cells of branching-type colonies. This suggests that tumor cells of spherical-type colonies have a higher potential for dissemination and invasion than do tumor cells of branching-type colonies. In fact, cases with higher percentages of spherical-type colonies could show extracapsular invasion histopathologically. Our results indicate that collagen gel culture is a useful method for studying the heterogeneity of tumor cells as well as their invasive ability in vitro.

Carcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of gentamicin on sensorineural elements of the cochlea in human temporal bones.

PURPOSE: Gentamicin is commonly prescribed for treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections. It has, however, been known to have vestibulotoxic and ototoxic effects in humans. Previous studies were confounded by the use of other types of ototoxic drugs, higher than therapeutic doses, and prolonged time periods between gentamicin administration and death. The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of parenteral gentamicin administration on the sensorineural elements of the cochlea in which the previously described factors did not exist. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Temporal bone specimens were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 16 "normal" temporal bones with no history or histopathologic findings of otologic disease or ototoxic drug administration, and group 2 included 17 temporal bones that received gentamicin treatment within 6 months before death. Temporal bones were excluded from group 2 if patients had histopathologic findings or history of otologic disease and/or other ototoxic drugs. All temporal bones were examined under light microscopy. RESULTS: The percentages of intact outer hair cells in the basal turn was significantly greater in group 1 compared with group 2. There was no significant difference in hair cell number between the groups in the other turns. There was no significant difference in the number of spiral ganglion cells between groups in any turn. CONCLUSION: Although gentamicin is primarily considered to be vestibulotoxic, this study showed that gentamicin can damage sensorineural elements of the cochlea, even in younger patients. During the administration of this drug, hearing of the patient should be carefully monitored.

Adolescent↗