[Prostate cancer].
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Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal↗
Biomedical subjects
Takeshi Ueda
Publications and source records attributed to Takeshi Ueda.
Calcifying odontogenic cyst: radiologic findings in 11 cases.
OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study examines the relationship between histopathologically diagnosed cases of in calcifying odontogenic cysts (COCs) on the adjacent dentition. STUDY DESIGN: The records including diagnostic radiograph images of 11 patients treated for COCs from 1991 to 2004 were analyzed and correlations made between radiologic and histopathologic features. Special attention was applied to the associations between COCs and adjacent teeth. RESULTS: Radiologic and histopathologic features of the 11 lesions were variable, with some lesions being more solid and others more cystic. Calcifications varied from small flecks to solid calcified areas of frank odontoma. In 7 cases, the COC was associated with an impacted tooth and 5 of these cases involved COC-enveloping teeth. All cases excepting one in an edentulous jaw segment showed positional changes of adjacent teeth, including impaction. CONCLUSIONS: The radiographical features of COCs are varied but there is a high frequency of changes in adjacent teeth, including dental impaction. The presence of impaction or displacement of teeth for COCs occurring in the posterior segments of the jaw, and absence of this finding for anteriorly placed lesions may be indicative of the timing of COC development.
Adolescent↗
Differential perceived exertion measured using a new visual analogue scale during pedaling and running.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differential perceived exertion measured using a new set of Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) during pedaling and running. The subjects were eleven healthy males. They performed an incremental maximal test and then three 4-min stages of exercise, for both pedaling and running. During the tests, VO2, V(CO2), V(E), f, and HR were monitored continuously. Bla and perceptual variables including VAS consisting of four scales (VAS 1-VAS 4) and Borg's RPE were measured at the end of each stage. Although the VO2 (%VO2max)) and HR for both pedaling and running were not significantly different, Bla in pedaling was significantly higher than that in running. A significant interaction (mode, stage) was also obtained. The VAS 1 of pedaling was significantly higher than that of running. A significant interaction in VAS 1 (mode, stage) was obtained. The VAS 2 of pedaling was significantly higher than that of running. The subjects indicated that local pain became stronger than central pain in pedaling, but they were almost equal in running. In both pedaling and running, leg pain became stronger than arm pain (VAS 3). VAS 4 showed that during running, breathing difficulty and heart pain were almost equal in perceived intensity. However, during pedaling, breathing difficulty became greater than heart pain. Thus, a new four-part visual analogue scale was found to be useful for monitoring exercise intensity. In addition, the new VAS gave us more information in relation to the differential perceived exertion reflected in the different physiological responses obtained by different exercise modes.
Adult↗
Bisphosphonate and low-dose dexamethasone treatment for patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
We evaluated the effects of bisphosphonate (BP) treatment in five patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC), experiencing bone pain from metastases to the bone, and assessed changes in serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, bone pain, and quality of life (QOL). Treatment with incadronate disodium (10 mg) in saline was administered at 2-week intervals for a total of 6 times. Evaluation of the treatment included the incidence of adverse events, QOL, bone pain, pain scale, and blood analyses including tumor markers. BP treatment was generally well tolerated by all five patients. The effects of BP treatment on serum PSA values were evaluated as prominent response (PR), no change (NC) and progressive disease (PD) in one, two and two cases of PD, respectively. During BP treatment, serum type I procollagen values decreased in patients, but there was no large change in serum type I collagen values. Only one patient experienced increased pain; pain was well controlled in the others. The QOL evaluation by Short-Form 36 (SF-36), showed no change in scores during BP treatment except for general health. These results suggested that BP treatment is safe and feasible. It may be effective for the treatment of those HRPC patients with bone pain and may become one of the choices for treatment of HRPC.
Aged↗
[Effect of oral lactosucrose supplementation on human enteric oxalate-degrading bacteria].
A variety of oxalate-degrading bacteria including Oxalobacter formigenes and some species of Bifidobacterium are known to colonize the human intestinal tract. Oral lactosucrose supplementation promotes the growth of Bifidobacterium in the human intestine. Therefore, we investigated the effect of oral lactosucrose supplementation on enteric oxalate-degrading bacteria in twelve healthy men (age ranging from 25 to 39 years). Lactosucrose was orally administered 10 g daily for 2 weeks without restriction of dietary intake. The total number of oxalate-degrading bacteria in feces and the 24-hour urinary excretion of oxalate were examined before and after lactosucrose supplementation. The total number of oxalate degrading-bacteria was significantly increased by lactosucrose supplementation (9.20 +/- 0.44 versus 9.77 +/- 0.46, p<0.05), although there was no significant change in the urinary oxalate excretion. The oxalate degrading-bacteria isolated from feces was biochemically identified as Bifidobacterium adolescentis. In conclusion, oral supplementation of 10 g lactosucrose daily for 2 weeks was effective in multiplying oxalate-degrading bacteria, but not in reducing urinary oxalate excretion under free non-restricted dietary intake. In addition, it was suggested that various species of Bifidobacterium were related to degradation of oxalate in the human intestine.
Administration, Oral↗
Suppression of electroosmotic flow and its application to determination of electrophoretic mobilities in a poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-coated capillary.
A hydrophilic polymer, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), was employed for suppressing the electroosmotic flow (EOF). A capillary was filled with aqueous PVP solution for coating the capillary wall with PVP; the PVP solution was then replaced by a migration buffer solution containing no PVP. Three types of PVP with different molecular weights were examined. The EOF was suppressed more effectively as the molecular weight of PVP increased. The EOF in the coated capillary was approximately 10-fold smaller than that of a bare capillary and was constant in the pH range of 6-8. The suppressed EOF was stable even when no PVP was added to the migration buffer. However, the EOF increased significantly when sodium dodecyl sulfate was added into the migration buffer. The method was applied for determining the electrophoretic mobilities of inorganic anions that have negative electrophoretic mobilities larger than the electroosmotic mobility of the bare capillary. A novel method for determining the electrophoretic mobilities was proposed based on the linear relationship between electric current and electrophoretic mobility. The electrophoretic mobility was proportional to the electric current. Therefore, the intercept of the regression equation represents the electrophoretic mobility at room temperature. The electrophoretic mobilities were in good agreement with the absolute electrophoretic mobilities.
Electrophoresis, Capillary↗
Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 2 in Japanese patients with prostate cancer.
BACKGROUND: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 2 is thought to occur only occasionally in prostate cancer (PCa), but allelic losses in this region are frequent in other types of human cancer, such as lung, thyroid, head and neck, and cervix. Here, we show a high-resolution deletion map of markers on chromosome 2 in Japanese patients with PCa. METHODS: Tissue samples were obtained from 66 patients with PCa. DNA from normal, tumor, or metastatic tissue was used as the template for polymerase chain reaction amplification for LOH using 24 microsatellite markers on human chromosome 2. RESULTS: Nineteen of the 66 cases (29%) showed LOH for at least one locus on chromosome 2. LOH on 2p was observed more frequently in cancer death cases than in organ confined and regional diseases (P < 0.001). Paired DNAs were available from both primary and metastatic tumors in the eight cases of cancer death; among those pairs, we detected LOH on 2p in four primary tumors, and in all metastatic foci (P < 0.05). Detailed deletion mapping in these tumors identified four distinct commonly deleted regions on 2p 16.3, 2p 12-cent, 2q 21.3, and 2q 23.1-2q 32.1. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that inactivation of putative tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 2 that may play an important role in the progression of Japanese patients with PCa.
Chromosome Mapping↗
Changes in chromogranin a serum levels during endocrine therapy in metastatic prostate cancer patients.
INTRODUCTION: The concept of neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in prostate cancer has become more widely recognized as its diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic usefulness. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled 38 patients with stage D prostate cancer who underwent endocrine therapy by medical or surgical castration and oral antiandrogen. According to PSA response, serum levels of CGA as a marker of NE differentiation were measured at the multiple points of time; (1) pre-treatment, (2) complete response (CR), (3) a nadir level of PSA, (4) PSA failure or hormone independent progression. We compared these serum values in relation to efficacy of endocrine therapy. RESULTS: There was no correlation between serum PSA and CGA values. Patients consisted of 27 with CR and 11 without CR. Serum CGA increased as intervals of endocrine therapy became longer with positive correlation (p < 0.05). Its velocity was higher in patients with PSA failure than in those without it (6.98 vs. 2.09 ng/ml/month, p = 0.011). CONCLUSION: During endocrine therapy in metastatic prostate cancer patients, serum CGA values were not related to serum PSA levels, and increased as treatment periods became longer. It is suggested that CGA velocity has potential to predict androgen independent progression after endocrine therapy.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Up-regulation of the interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)-inducible chemokines IFN-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant and monokine induced by IFN-gamma and of their receptor CXC receptor 3 in human renal cell carcinoma.
BACKGROUND: The antiangiogenic CXC chemokines interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC) and monokine induced by IFN-gamma (Mig) are known as members of IFN-gamma-inducible antiangiogenic CXC chemokines. However, the expression of these chemokines in highly angiogenic tumors remains poorly understood. The authors examined expression of I-TAC, Mig, and their receptor, CXCR3, in tissue samples from patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS: Twenty-one samples of untreated RCC and corresponding normal renal tissues were obtained from surgical specimens. The expression levels of I-TAC, Mig, and CXCR3 were investigated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, real-time RT-PCR analysis, and Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to clarify the localization of both chemokines and of CXCR3. RESULTS: RT-PCR analysis showed strong expression levels of I-TAC, Mig, and CXCR3 in RCC tissues and very weak or undetectable expression in normal kidney tissues. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that expression levels of I-TAC, Mig, and CXCR3 in RCC tissues were 14.9 times greater, 30.3 times greater, and 9.9 times greater compared with the levels in the corresponding normal kidney tissues, respectively (P < 0.01). Western blot analysis showed up-regulation of I-TAC, Mig, and CXCR3 at the protein level. Immunofluorescence double stainings revealed that I-TAC coincided with pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in tumor angiogenic vessels. Mig was detected in tumor endothelial cells (TECs) and in infiltrating leukocytes. In the corresponding normal kidney tissues, neither VSMCs nor endothelial cells showed positive stainings for these chemokines. CXCR3 was expressed in both tumor cells and infiltrating leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS: The results revealed special feature of vascular mural cells and TECs in RCC. The up-regulated I-TAC and Mig, produced by tumor vessels, may interact with CXCR3 expressed in tumor cells, with possible pathophysiologic significance in RCC progression.
Base Sequence↗
Hormone treatment for prostate cancer: current issues and future directions.
Most prostate cancers are androgen-dependent and essentially respond to androgen ablation therapy. However, these tumors eventually become androgen-independent and progress despite androgen ablation. Since the androgen receptor (AR) sequence was determined, numerous studies have shown that AR plays a critical role in the development of androgen-refractory prostate cancer. Amplification of AR, mutations of AR, and deregulation of growth factors, cytokines and AR co-activators, which could be classified as AR-dependent pathways, are frequently observed in this condition. There are other pathways, AR-independent pathways that bypass AR, which involve neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells, deregulation of apoptotic genes and unknown mechanisms related to down-regulation of AR. Androgen-refractory prostate cancers with the AR-dependent pathway could be treated by suppressing AR activity, whereas AR-independent tumors would require alternative management strategies. When more cell survival pathways are defined, improvement of patients' survival could be achieved by developing specific gene-targeting therapies that interfere with those pathways.
Androgen Antagonists↗
Outcomes of shockwave lithotripsy for upper urinary-tract stones: a large-scale study at a single institution.
PURPOSE: We investigated the risk factors having an impact on the achievement of stone-free status and on the success rate, as well as on the likelihood of recurrence, in patients undergoing shockwave lithotripsy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated the characteristics and outcomes of 3023 patients (3254 renal units) with upper urinary-tract stones who underwent SWL at the Funabashi Clinic over a 13-year period. We assessed the stone-free and success rates for 2844 patients (3061 renal units) 3 months post-SWL. We also determined the recurrence rate for the 1078 patients (1139 renal units) who had achieved stone-free status at that time. RESULTS: Overall, stone-free status was achieved in 65.1% of patients, and the success rate was 85.7%. There were significant differences in the stone-free rates depending on patient age, history of urolithiasis, and presence of pyuria before SWL, as well as the number, location, size, and composition of the stones. Stones recurred in 326 of 1139 renal units (28.6%) during a mean follow-up of 36 months. The recurrence rates were 7.5%, 24.1%, and 33.0% after 1, 3, 5 years, respectively. Multiple stones, a history of urolithiasis, and stones located in the kidney or both kidneys plus the ureter significantly influenced recurrence. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that multiple stones were most significantly related to recurrence. CONCLUSION: Treatment with SWL has a low morbidity and high effectiveness. The number and location of stones and a history of urolithiasis significantly influence recurrence. Further studies of prophylactic therapy are required, especially for patients with these factors.
Adolescent↗
Efficacy and safety of laparoscopic surgery for pheochromocytoma.
OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopic surgery for primary aldosteronoma and Cushing's syndrome is well established. We report on our experiences with laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma, and assess the efficacy and safety of the laparoscopic approach. METHODS: Between April 1998 and April 2003, a total of 23 patients underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma at Chiba University Hospital and Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Japan. We compared the surgical outcomes of these patients with those of 106 patients with adrenal tumors due to other pathologies who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy during the same period. RESULTS: The mean tumor size of pheochromocytoma was 4.96 cm. Mean operative time was 192.7 min, and mean estimated blood loss was 130 mL. Neither mean operative time nor mean estimated blood loss was greater for patients with pheochromocytoma. Intraoperative hypertension (systolic blood pressure > 180 mmHg) occurred in 39.1% (9/23) of patients with pheochromocytoma. During the follow-up period, there were no mortalities or recurrences of endocrinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma is a safe and minimally invasive procedure.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy in patients with large adrenal tumors.
OBJECTIVES: The maximum size of adrenal tumors that should be removed by laparoscopic adrenalectomy is controversial. We conducted a retrospective comparison of the results of laparoscopic adrenalectomy between patients with adrenal tumors > or =6 cm ('large tumors') and patients with adrenal tumors <6 cm ('small tumors'). METHODS: The participants in the study were 16 patients with large tumors and 111 patients with small tumors. The patients comprised 59 men and 68 women (mean age, 49.0 years; age range, 23-79) with varying diagnoses. Of the 16 patients with large tumors, five had Cushing's syndrome, four had pheochromocytomas, six had a non-functional tumor and one had malignant lymphoma. Adrenal tumors were confirmed by hormonal assays, biochemical tests and computed tomography. Of the 16 large tumors, five tumors were on the right and 11 were on the left. RESULTS: We found no significant differences in general demographic parameters between patients with large and small tumors. The mean duration of surgery was not significantly different between two groups. (large tumors, 210 min; small tumors,175 min). The mean volume of blood loss was 212 mL for large tumors and 30 mL for small tumors (P < 0.001, significant difference). There was no significant difference in time until walking, duration of hospitalization or number of using analgesics used. The time to first oral intake of group 1 (<6 cm) was significantly shorter than group 2 (> or =6 cm). Tumor size (> or =7.5 cm) was an independent predictor of a longer operation and greater blood loss in large tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for large tumors was safe and minimally invasive.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
The prognostic value of p53, Ki-67 and matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 in transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter.
AIM: To investigate the prognostic and predictive relevance of p53 protein, Ki-67 antigen, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the upper urinary tract. METHODS: The expression of p53 protein, Ki-67 antigen, MMP-2 and MMP-9 was examined by immunohistochemistry in 69 patients with TCC of the upper urinary tract. Correlation of p53, Ki-67, MMP-2 and MMP-9 over-expression with conventional pathological parameters and patient survival was examined. RESULTS: p53 over-expression was significantly correlated with histological grade (P < 0.05), but not with pathological stage, vascular invasion, lymphatic invasion or lymph node metastasis. Ki-67 over-expression was significantly correlated with stage, grade, lymphatic invasion and vascular invasion (P < 0.05). In survival analyses, Ki-67 over-expression was a significant prognostic factor in the univariate analysis (P < 0.05), but it did not have a significant impact on survival in the multivariate analysis. Ki-67 labeling index was a significant prognostic factor in patients with a low p53 labeling index, but not in patients with a high p53 labeling index. CONCLUSION: Ki-67 over-expression is of prognostic value in TCC of the upper urinary tract, while p53, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are of limited value.
Adult↗
[Molecular analysis for prostate cancer].
The molecular and biochemical mechanisms contributing to the development and progression of prostate carcinogenesis are still unknown. Recent technologies such as, real-time PCR, microarray, and laser capture microdissection, have accelerated the study of the molecular events involved in prostate cancer. The expression and function of numerous genes have been shown to be altered in prostate cancer. Such gene regulations are involved in cell cycle, signal transduction pathways, or gene expression. Analysis of the genes during prostate cancer progression has provided a better understanding of the basis of the disease. This review summarises current knowledge of the molecular analysis for prostate cancer.
Exons↗
Transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of localized prostate cancer: a multicenter study.
We report a multicenter trial with transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. A total of 72 consecutive patients with stage T1c-2NOM0 prostate cancer were treated using the Sonablate 500TM HIFU device (Focus Surgery, Indianapolis, USA). Biochemical recurrence was defined according to the criteria recommended by the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology Consensus Panel. The median age and prostate specific antigen (PSA) level were 72 years and 8.10 ng/ml, respectively. The median follow-up period for all patients was 14.0 months. Biochemical disease-free survival rates in all patients at 1 and 2 years were 78% and 76%, respectively. Biochemical disease-free survival rates in patients with stage T1c, T2a and T2b groups at 2 years were 89, 67% and 40% (p = 0.0817). Biochemical disease-free survival rates in patients with Gleason scores of 2-4, 5-7 and 8-10 at 2 years were 88, 72% and 80% (p = 0.6539). Biochemical disease-free survival rates in patients with serum PSA of less than 10 ng/ml and 10-20 ng/ml were 75% and 78% (p = 0.6152). No viable tumor cells were noted in 68% of patients by postoperative prostate needle biopsy. Prostatic volume was decreased from 24.2 ml to 14.0 ml at 6 months after HIFU (p < 0.01). No statistically significant differences were noted in International Prostate Symptom Score, maximum urinary flow rate and quality of life analysis with Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy. HIFU therapy appears to be minimally invasive, efficacious and safe for patients with localized prostate cancer with pretreatment PSA levels less than 20 ng/ml.
Adult↗
Pretreatment serum testosterone level as a predictive factor of pathological stage in localized prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy.
OBJECTIVE: Pretreatment serum level of testosterone (T) is a potential prognostic factor for prostate cancer. The present study was conducted to evaluate the clinical significance of pretreatment serum T level in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects were 82 clinically localized prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy, whose pretreatment T levels were recorded. We investigated clinical and pathological factors such as pretreatment serum T level, age, pretreatment PSA or pathological Gleason score concerning the association with pathological stage and biochemical recurrence. RESULTS: The mean pretreatment T level was significantly lower in patients with non-organ-confined prostate cancer (pT3-T4, N1; 3.44+/-1.19 ng/ml) than in patients with organ-confined cancer (pT2; 4.33+/-1.42 ng/ml) (p=0.0078). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that pathological Gleason score, pretreatment serum T level and pretreatment PSA were significant predictors of extraprostatic disease. When the patients were divided into high and low T level groups according to the median value, pretreatment T levels were not significantly associated with PSA recurrence rates (p=0.7973). CONCLUSIONS: A lower pretreatment T level appears to be predictive of extraprostatic disease in patients with localized prostate cancer.
Age Factors↗
CAG polymorphic repeat length in androgen receptor gene combined with pretreatment serum testosterone level as prognostic factor in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.
OBJECTIVE: Androgen ablation has been the initial treatment of choice for men with metastatic prostate cancer, but the disease generally relapses to an androgen-independent state thereafter. To understand which groups respond well or poorly to endocrine therapy is thus important. Several studies have shown that pretreatment serum testosterone (T) levels and the length of the CAG repeat at the N-terminal region of the androgen receptor are significant. However, the relevance of a combination of these factors has not been reported. We therefore investigated the clinical significance of CAG repeat length and pretreatment serum T levels among Japanese patients with metastatic prostate cancer (TxNxM1), and analyzed their relevance to survival. METHODS: Fifty-two Japanese patients with metastatic prostate cancer were enrolled in this study. We determined the length of the CAG repeat by both PCR sequencing and fragment analysis. Pretreatment serum T levels were measured using a radioimmunoassay. We examined the clinical significance of the CAG repeats and T levels individually and in combination with respect to several clinical factors. RESULTS: The pretreatment T level in the responder group was significantly higher than that in the non-responders (p=0.009) and the mean was 4.33+/-2.12 ng/ml. Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that cause-specific survival was significantly enhanced in patients with higher levels of T (p=0.0489). The length of the CAG repeat was positively associated with age at diagnosis (p=0.032). The mean CAG repeat length was 22.5+/-3.0 and this value was significantly shorter in patients with poorly differentiated, than with well and moderately differentiated tumors (p=0.019). Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed a significantly better cause-specific survival rate as well as progression-free survival rate in patients with longer CAG repeats. Cause-specific survival curves were better in patients with higher T levels and longer CAG repeats than with lower T levels and shorter CAG repeats (p=0.0066). A multivariate analysis showed that the most significant prognostic factor was histological grade, followed by EOD grade, marker response and the combination of T and CAG. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment serum T levels together with the length of the N-terminal CAG repeat of the androgen receptor gene can distinguish responders from non-responders to androgen ablation. These parameters appear to be clinically useful, in that therapies appropriate to individual patients could be selected. Further studies are necessary to confirm these results.
Aged↗