Computer-enhanced surgical systems ("robotic surgery").
Computer-linked surgical systems allow surgeons to perform procedures without coming into contact with the patient. Indications for these robotic surgery systems are expanding. This technology offers potential advantages through enabling more precise surgery, which may lead to shorter patient recovery times, fewer complications and improved patient outcomes. Limited studies indicate the promise of these systems, which appear to be safe, but their efficacy is not fully established. In some procedures, the advantages they offer may also be achieved by newer non-computer assisted techniques. Capital costs are high and cost-effectiveness has not been demonstrated. Diffusion of these systems can be expected to continue, but their place in surgical practice is not yet clear. They are most likely to be of value for centres undertaking specialized surgical services.