Planning the genome institute's future.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Thomas H Murray.
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The moral and communal ends served by a system of gifts of blood have been threatened by the fear of AIDS transmission. Blood banks and those at risk for HIV infection have made changes in their practices to reduce the risk to recipients, and physicians and patients now understand better that blood carries risks and should never be used unless necessary. The deeper importance of gifts of blood, nevertheless, has not significantly changed; millions still need blood each year, and millions are personally willing to meet that need. Embodied in the system of blood gifts is an affirmation of the value of community with the strangers among whom we live.
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The technologies made available by new research in genetics and genomics have been and will be used not only to diagnose and treat disease, but also to attempt to enhance human traits and capacities. A broad definition of genetic-enhancement technologies, not merely gene manipulation, but also indirect genetic technologies, such as biosynthetic drugs, is needed to capture the full range of possible applications. It is difficult, but often possible, to anticipate the enhancement temptations of new therapies. Such anticipation may help us in shaping the marketing, availability, or other aspects of those technologies. Appropriate public and professional policies are needed, and work on them should begin immediately. Most important, we must stimulate public education and dialogue to encourage personal ethical reflection on the appropriate uses and limits of genetic-enhancement technologies.
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The standard approach to the ethics of reproductive technologies starts and ends with the parents' procreative liberty. There's much more to think about. We should start with the relationship between parents and children.