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Biomedical subjects

Thomas W Kaminski

Publications and source records attributed to Thomas W Kaminski.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Star Excursion Balance Test as a predictor of lower extremity injury in high school basketball players.

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort. OBJECTIVE: To determine if Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) reach distance was associated with risk of lower extremity injury among high school basketball players. BACKGROUND: Although balance has been proposed as a risk factor for sports-related injury, few researchers have used a dynamic balance test to examine this relationship. METHODS AND MEASURES: Prior to the 2004 basketball season, the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral SEBT reach distances and limb lengths of 235 high school basketball players were measured bilaterally. The Athletic Health Care System Daily Injury Report was used to document time loss injuries. After normalizing for lower limb length, each reach distance, right/left reach distance difference, and composite reach distance were examined using odds ratio and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The reliability of the SEBT components ranged from 0.82 to 0.87 (ICC3,1) and was 0.99 for the measurement of limb length. Logistic regression models indicated that players with an anterior right/left reach distance difference greater than 4 cm were 2.5 times more likely to sustain a lower extremity injury (P<.05). Girls with a composite reach distance less than 94.0% of their limb length were 6.5 times more likely to have a lower extremity injury (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found components of the SEBT to be reliable and predictive measures of lower extremity injury in high school basketball players. Our results suggest that the SEBT can be incorporated into preparticipation physical examinations to identify basketball players who are at increased risk for injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Rotational motion changes in the glenohumeral joint of the adolescent/Little League baseball player.

BACKGROUND: Differences in range of motion and rotational motion between the dominant and nondominant shoulders in throwing athletes are well documented, although the age at which these changes begin to occur is not known. HYPOTHESIS: Changes in glenohumeral rotational motion in the shoulder of the Little League/adolescent baseball player occur during the most formative years of physical development. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Elevation, internal rotation at 90 degrees of abduction, and external rotation at 90 degrees of abduction were measured in the dominant and nondominant shoulders of 294 baseball players, aged 8 to 16 years. RESULTS: Analysis of variance revealed 2-way interactions between arm dominance by age for elevation (P = .005) and internal rotation (P = .001). Significant differences were noted between dominant and nondominant arms for internal rotation at 90 degrees (P = .001) and external rotation at 90 degrees (P = .001). Elevation, internal rotation at 90 degrees , external rotation at 90 degrees , and total range of motion varied significantly (P = .001) among age groups. Elevation in the dominant arms of 16-year-olds was on average 5.3 degrees less than in 8-year-olds (179.6 degrees vs 174.3 degrees ). In the nondominant arms, mean elevation for 16-year-olds was 5.6 degrees less than in 8-year-olds (179.7 degrees vs 174.1 degrees ). Internal rotation at 90 degrees for the dominant arms averaged 39.0 degrees at age 8 and only 21.3 degrees at age 16. In the non-dominant arms, internal rotation for 8-year-olds averaged 42.2 degrees and only 33.1 degrees for 16-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS: Elevation and total range of motion decreased as age increased. These changes may be consequences of both bone and soft tissue adaptation. The most dramatic decline in total range of motion was seen between the 13-year-olds and 14-year-olds, in the year before peak incidence of Little Leaguer's shoulder. This decrease in rotational motion may cause increased stress at the physis during throwing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Changes in lower-leg blood flow during warm-, cold-, and contrast-water therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To examine arterial blood flow in the lower leg during warm-, cold-, and contrast-water therapy. DESIGN: A crossover trial with repeated measurements on the dependent variable. SETTING: Hydrotherapy area of a climate-controlled sports medicine clinic. PARTICIPANTS: A volunteer sample of 24 healthy men. INTERVENTION: Four randomly assigned treatments were performed on each subject on consecutive days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Arterial blood flow (mL per 100mL/min) from baseline measurements were recorded in a 3-minute to 1-minute on-off ratio for 20 minutes by using strain gauge plethysmography. RESULTS: Contrast therapy produced fluctuations in blood flow throughout the 20-minute treatment. Warm-water therapy (40 degrees C) resulted in significant (P < .001) changes in blood flow compared with the control and contrast conditions. Cold-water therapy (13 degrees C) did not produce significantly decreased blood flow as compared with the control condition. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that further studies involving contrast therapy to the lower leg in injured populations be carried out to determine whether our initial findings are clinically relevant.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Quantitative assessment of mechanical laxity in the functionally unstable ankle.

PURPOSE: Delineating between functional and mechanical instability in those with chronic ankle dysfunction is a challenging task. Current methods of assessing ankle ligamentous laxity are subjective in nature and limit our ability to identify the site and extent of instability; therefore, a need exists for objective laxity measurements. The purpose of this study was to determine whether subjects with self-reported, functional ankle instability (FAI) demonstrated increased mechanical laxity when tested with instrumented arthrometry and stress radiography. METHODS: Both ankles were tested in 51 subjects with self-reported unilateral FAI. An instrumented ankle arthrometer measured ankle-subtalar joint motion for total anteroposterior (AP) displacement (mm) during loading at 125 N and total inversion-eversion (I-E) rotation (degrees of ROM) during loading at 4 N x m. The Telos GA-II/E device provided either anterior or lateral stress (15 kp) while fluoroscopic radiographs were recorded for anterior displacement (mm) and talar tilt (degrees). RESULTS: The arthrometry measurements of anterior and total AP displacement and the radiographic measurements of anterior displacement were greater (P < 0.05) in the FAI ankles when compared with the uninjured ankles. There were no differences in total I-E rotation, inversion rotation, or talar tilt between ankles when analyzed with either measurement technique. CONCLUSION: The ability to objectively measure mechanical instability in the functionally unstable ankle is important to understanding the nature and cause of the instability. Ankle arthrometry and stress radiographic measurements are objective assessment tools for mechanical laxity. Despite finding greater laxity in the functionally unstable ankle, the clinical significance of the observed displacement remains unanswered. Further research is needed to determine the amount of laxity that constitutes mechanical instability and how this relates to FAI.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

A Nationwide Learning-Style Assessment of Undergraduate Athletic Training Students in CAAHEP-Accredited Athletic Training Programs.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the learning styles and preferred environmental characteristics of undergraduate athletic training students in Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP)-accredited athletic training education programs and to determine if learning-style differences existed among geographic regions of the country. DESIGN AND SETTING: Fifty CAAHEP-accredited athletic training programs were randomly selected in proportion to the number of programs in each geographic region. Ten students from each school were selected to complete the Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI) and the Productivity Environmental Preference Survey (PEPS). SUBJECTS: A total of 193 undergraduate athletic training students (84 men, 109 women) with a mean age of 22.3 +/- 2.8 years completed the PEPS, while 188 students completed the LSI. MEASUREMENTS: We used chi-square analyses to determine if differences existed in learning-style type and if these differences were based on geographic location. We calculated analysis of variance to determine if there were any geographic differences in the mean overall combination scores of the LSI. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the PEPS. RESULTS: The overall return rate was 38%. The chi-square analyses revealed no significant difference in learning-style type for athletic training students, regardless of the geographic region. The LSI yielded a relatively even distribution of learning styles: 29.3% of the students were accommodators, 19.7% were divergers, 21.8% were convergers, and 29.3% were assimilators. The overall mean combination scores were 4.9 (abstract-concrete) and 4.9 (active-reflective), and analysis of variance indicated no significant difference in the mean combination scores among the geographic regions. The PEPS revealed that undergraduate athletic training students demonstrated a strong preference for learning in the afternoon. CONCLUSIONS: Undergraduate athletic training students demonstrated great diversity in learning style. Educators must strongly consider this diversity and incorporate teaching methods that will benefit all types of learners.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Factors Contributing to Chronic Ankle Instability: A Strength Perspective.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the concept of dynamic ankle stability and closely critique the relevant research over the past 50+ years focusing on strength as it relates to those with chronic ankle instability (CAI). DATA SOURCES: We reviewed the literature regarding the assessment of strength related to CAI. We searched MEDLINE and ISI Web of Science from 1950 through 2001 using the key words functional ankle instability, chronic ankle instability, strength, ankle stability, chronic ankle dysfunction, and isokinetics. DATA SYNTHESIS: An overview of dynamic stability in the ankle is established, followed by a comprehensive discussion involving the variables used to assess ankle strength. Additionally, a historical look at deficits in muscular stability leading to CAI is provided, and a compilation of numerous contemporary approaches examining strength as it relates to CAI is presented. CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS: Although strength is an important consideration during ankle rehabilitation, deficits in ankle strength are not highly correlated with CAI. More contemporary approaches involving the examination of reciprocal muscle-group ratios as a measure of strength have recently been investigated and offer an insightful, albeit different, avenue for future exploration. Evidence pertaining to the effects of strength training on those afflicted with CAI is lacking, including what, if any, implication strength training has on the various measures of ankle strength.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Kinesthesia Is Not Affected by Functional Ankle Instability Status.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether subjects with functional ankle instability suffered kinesthetic deficits in the injured ankle compared with the healthy ankle and to examine the effect of prophylactic ankle bracing on kinesthesia in uninjured and functionally unstable ankles. DESIGN AND SETTING: We tested subjects over 4 consecutive days in a climate-controlled athletic training/sports medicine laboratory setting. A single-group time-series design enabled all subjects to serve as their own controls. A different bracing condition was tested on each of those occasions. SUBJECTS: Sixteen subjects (8 men, 8 women; age = 21.6 +/- 1.7 years; mass = 73.5 +/- 15.0 kg; height = 172.9 +/- 8.8 cm) with unilateral functional ankle instability participated in this study. MEASUREMENTS: Kinesthetic threshold-to-detection of passive motion (TTDPM) measurements were obtained during passive inversion and eversion movements (0.5 degrees.s(-1)) under 4 different bracing or taping conditions (unbraced, Swede-O Ankle Lok, Aircast Air-Stirrup, and tape). RESULTS: We analyzed the data using a 3-factor analysis of variance with repeated measures on the ankle and motion factors. Threshold-to-detection of passive motion scores in the unbraced condition were significantly better than the TTDPM scores in any of the other 3 test conditions. No significant differences were seen in TTDPM scores between the 2 ankles under any of the 4 conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Threshold-to-detection of passive motion scores did not differ in uninjured ankles and those with functional instability; however, bracing with either the Ankle Lok or Air-Stirrup decreased the ability to detect passive motion when compared with the no-tape (unbraced) condition. Further research is needed to determine the exact contributions of taping and bracing on ankle joint kinesthesia.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

An Examination of the Stretch-Shortening Cycle of the Dorsiflexors and Evertors in Uninjured and Functionally Unstable Ankles.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if there were differences in concentric peak torque/body-weight (PT/BW) ratios and concentric time to peak torque (TPT) of the dorsiflexors and evertors in uninjured and functionally unstable ankles using a stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) protocol on an isokinetic dynamometer. DESIGN AND SETTING: We employed a case-control study design to examine the test subjects in a climate-controlled athletic training/sports medicine research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Thirty subjects volunteered to participate in this study, 15 with unilateral functional ankle instability and 15 matched controls. MEASUREMENTS: Participants were assessed isokinetically using an SSC protocol for the dorsiflexors and evertors at 120 and 240 degrees.s(-1), bilaterally. Strength was assessed using PT values normalized for body mass. Concentric TPT measurements were also compared between the groups. RESULTS: No differences in concentric PT/BW ratios or concentric TPT were evident between the groups (P >.05). Additionally, there were no differences in these measurements between the ankles for the same motion and speed between the ankles in the subjects with functional instability. CONCLUSIONS: Using the SSC protocol as a measure of ankle function and the stretch-reflex phenomenon, we found no evidence to support the notion that differences in strength and TPT in the active, conscious state exist between those with functional ankle instability and a group of healthy control subjects.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sex differences in delayed onset muscle pain.

OBJECTIVE: In contrast to the research using typical experimental pain stimuli, there is no consensus that women are more sensitive to delayed onset muscle pain than men. The purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in delayed onset muscle pain with use of a quantified stimulus intensity and multidimensional and valid pain measures. METHODS: Ninety-five participants (49.5% women) completed eccentric exercise and then returned to the laboratory at 24 and 48 hours postexercise. The same relative intensity of the eccentric exercise was administered to women and men based on their eccentric strength. RESULTS: The occurrence of muscle pain was confirmed by increases in intensity, F2, 182 = 162.28, P<0.01, eta = 0.64, and unpleasantness, F2, 182 = 204.03, P < 0.01, eta = 0.69, and standardized pain ratings, F2, 180 = 67.44, P < 0.01, eta = 0.43. The affective ratios indicated that the muscle pain was more unpleasant than intense. No sex differences were detected except that men reported higher affective ratios than women, F1, 92 = 4.06, P < 0.05, eta = 0.04. DISCUSSION: The absence of higher muscle pain ratings in women than men in this investigation resembles a review of the delayed onset muscle soreness and pain literature. However, the findings contradict a few other acute muscle pain investigations, in which actual muscle tissue damage was not induced by eccentric contractions. Additional research is required to identify the parameters that influence the detection of sex differences.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of shoulder proprioception in the female softball athlete.

BACKGROUND: There have been reports of overhand throwing athletes having decreased joint position sense in their dominant shoulder as compared with the nondominant shoulder. Very little research, however, exists concerning joint position sense in the female athlete. HYPOTHESIS: Female softball athletes have decreased joint position sense in their dominant shoulder as compared with their nondominant shoulder. STUDY DESIGN: Factorial design with investigation of multiple independent variables. METHODS: Joint position sense was assessed in 50 female softball players and 50 nonthrowing female athletes by using an inclinometer during four glenohumeral joint motions. Both the dominant and nondominant shoulders were assessed and error scores were calculated to describe joint position sense. Data were collected during the course of a fall semester and analyzed by using a mixed model analysis of variance with repeated measures on the dependent variable (error scores). RESULTS: A significant group by movement interaction was observed, with the softball athletes demonstrating significantly greater external rotation error scores than the nonthrowing athletes. CONCLUSION: We failed to reject the null hypothesis. Increased error scores (less joint position sense) were observed in both arms of subjects in the softball group. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study suggests that there is decreased shoulder proprioception in asymptomatic female athletes involved in overyhand throwing sports, which may predispose them to injury.

Adult↗