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Biomedical subjects

Tom Chapman

Publications and source records attributed to Tom Chapman.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Defining operational taxonomic units using DNA barcode data.

The scale of diversity of life on this planet is a significant challenge for any scientific programme hoping to produce a complete catalogue, whatever means is used. For DNA barcoding studies, this difficulty is compounded by the realization that any chosen barcode sequence is not the gene 'for' speciation and that taxa have evolutionary histories. How are we to disentangle the confounding effects of reticulate population genetic processes? Using the DNA barcode data from meiofaunal surveys, here we discuss the benefits of treating the taxa defined by barcodes without reference to their correspondence to 'species', and suggest that using this non-idealist approach facilitates access to taxon groups that are not accessible to other methods of enumeration and classification. Major issues remain, in particular the methodologies for taxon discrimination in DNA barcode data.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Contextualising experiences of depression in women from South Asian communities: a discursive approach.

The aim of this paper is to present an interpretation of the accounts of depression provided by women from South Asian communities. The paper presents the findings from a qualitative study, conducted in the UK, which explored women from South Asian communities and their experiences of depression. It is argued here, through examples of women's accounts of their experiences, that depression is 'embodied', that is, grounded in the materiality of the body which is also immersed in subjective experiences and in the social context of women's lives. Qualitative data were collected from four focus groups and ten individual interviews with women. The analysis involved a discursive approach. Analysis revealed how women made strategic choices in how they presented their symptoms as legitimate and for gaining access to what they perceived to be appropriate healthcare. This is not to argue that this is a culturally specific phenomenon but one which is a feature of all healthcare negotiations.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of aspects of preregistration house officer training from traditional and new medical curricula.

As medical graduates from the new (problem-based learning) curriculum at University of Liverpool undertook their first post in the postgraduate clinical setting, this study investigated whether their views of preregistration training in the Mersey Deanery differed from the last cohort of preregistration house officers who had graduated from the traditional lecture-based medical curriculum at University of Liverpool.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2003

Factors influencing teaching and learning in the preregistration year.

Preregistration training is a transitional period in the career of new medical graduates as they complete their final year of basic medical education in practice settings. This study gathered the views of both preregistration house officers and their educational supervisors on preregistration training in the Mersey Deanery between August 2000 and August 2001.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ward managers' perceptions of the role of healthcare assistants.

While unqualified nurses form an integral part of the UK's healthcare system, accounting for a large percentage of the workforce, there is limited evidence to identify the actual role of the healthcare assistant. This study explored hospital ward managers' views on the current and potential expansion of the healthcare assistant's role. A confidential survey was sent to all ward managers (n = 35) in one large acute hospital trust. A response rate of 94% (n = 33) was obtained. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and open-ended questions were analysed for emerging themes. The results indicated that healthcare assistants are undertaking a wide diversity of procedures raging from general tidying to carrying out complex clinical procedures. Additionally, 82% (n = 27) of the managers reported that the healthcare assistant's role could be expanded, although concerns were raised regarding additional training and supervision.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗