Biomedical subjects

Tomohiro Yamaguchi

Publications and source records attributed to Tomohiro Yamaguchi.

22 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Sly1 binds to Golgi and ER syntaxins via a conserved N-terminal peptide motif.

Sec1/munc18-like proteins (SM proteins) and SNARE complexes are probably universally required for membrane fusion. However, the molecular mechanism by which they interact has only been defined for synaptic vesicle fusion where munc18 binds to syntaxin in a closed conformation that is incompatible with SNARE complex assembly. We now show that Sly1, an SM protein involved in Golgi and ER fusion, binds to a short, evolutionarily conserved N-terminal peptide of Sed5p and Ufe1p in yeast and of syntaxins 5 and 18 in vertebrates. In these syntaxins, the Sly1 binding peptide is upstream of a separate, autonomously folded N-terminal domain. These data suggest a potentially general mechanism by which SM proteins could interact with peptides in target proteins independent of core complex assembly and suggest that munc18 binding to syntaxin is an exception.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Postoperative complications following gastrectomy for gastric cancer during the last decade.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The reduction in the incidence of severe postoperative complications has resulted in a significant increase in the survival of patients with gastric cancer. METHODOLOGY: A total of 879 patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer during the last decade were retrospectively evaluated for postoperative complications, mortality and associated risk factors. RESULTS: The most frequent complications were anastomotic leakage (3.0%) and wound infection (2.8%) followed by the development of pancreatic fistulae (2.2%) and intra-abdominal abscesses (1.5%). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified various independent risk factors including the extent of lymph node dissection (D1D2 vs. D3) for anastomotic leakage (RR 3.6, P<0.05), splenectomy or distal pancreatosplenectomy for pancreatic fistulae (RR 27.4, P<0.0001) and operative time (360 min < or =) for intra-abdominal abscess (RR 4.8, P<0.05). In total, fourteen patients (1.6%, n=879) died from postoperative complications, with 5 patients dying following non-curative gastrectomy (5.6%, n=90). The complications most associated with death were anastomotic leakage (4 patients) and pneumonia (2 patients). CONCLUSIONS: In view of the potential risk of complications, we should carefully evaluate the indications for aggressive lymph node dissection and/or combined resection of neighboring organs as well as non-curative gastrectomy.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Postoperative clinical evaluation following pylorus-preserving gastrectomy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recent pathological study demonstrated that extended lymphadenectomy is not always necessary for patients with early gastric cancer. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-eight patients underwent pylorus-preserving gastrectomy. The clinicopathological findings of patients with pylorus-preserving gastrectomy were compared to those of 58 patients with conventional distal gastrectomy. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in surgical duration, blood loss, blood chemistry, food intake, and body weight loss. Regarding abdominal symptoms, early dumping syndrome was significantly higher in distal gastrectomy than in pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (35.6% vs. 12.0%, p<0.05). Remnant gastritis was also significantly higher in distal gastrectomy (57.1% vs. 27.7%, p<0.05). However, food residue tended to be more frequently seen in pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (33.3% vs. 61.1%, p=0.052). Based on questionnaire results, the rate of patient satisfaction with their surgical outcome tended to be lower in pylorus-preserving gastrectomy than in distal gastrectomy (84.0% vs. 95.6%, p=0.098). The tendency was more pronounced in patients over 70 years old (77.8% vs. 100%, p=0.065). CONCLUSIONS: Pylorus-preserving gastrectomy is superior to conventional distal gastrectomy in the prevention of dumping syndrome and reflux gastritis. However, since delayed emptying is frequently seen post pylorus-preserving gastrectomy, this procedure is not recommended for older patients under simplistic indications.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term intravenous administration of activated autologous lymphocytes for cancer patients does not induce antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid factor.

The treatment of activated autologous lymphocyte can lead to a potent antitumor effect with destruction of autologous cancer cells, but potential adverse autoimmune effects due to destruction of autologous tissue must also be considered. This study was performed to evaluate whether administration of activated autologous lymphocytes induces autoimmune disease. Patients with advanced cancer, who underwent transfer therapy with activated autologous lymphocytes, were eligible for the study. Informed consent was obtained from 22 patients with hepatocelluler carcinoma, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, etc. The variation in activated lymphocyte phenotypes was CD3+/HLA-DR+ activated T lymphocytes, 23% to 99%; including CD4+ cells, 4% to 65%; CD8+ cells, 10 to 91%; and CD16+/ICD56+ NK cells, 1% to 59%. Of the 22 patients, levels of antinuclear antibody and/or rheumatoid factor were above normal limits during the study in the following 5 patients: 3 patients showed no marked changes, one patient a slight decrease in rheumatoid factor and one patient a slight increase in antinuclear antibody during the course of treatment, respectively. The values for these markers of the other 17 patients varied within normal limits during treatment. Mild transient fever occurred in several patients as an adverse event. There were no other adverse reactions. No clinical symptoms or signs suggestive of autoimmune disease occurred in any patient during or after treatment. These results suggested that long-term administration of activated autologous lymphocytes does not induce autoimmune disease.

Adult↗