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Tsutomu Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to Tsutomu Hashimoto.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Smoking, alcohol drinking and esophageal cancer: findings from the JACC Study.

BACKGROUND: Using a large-scale cohort of about 110,000 people established in 45 areas throughout Japan from 1988 through 1990, the study attempted to uncover the joint effects of combined smoking and alcohol intake on esophageal cancer mortality. METHODS: A cohort established from 1988 through 1990 included 46,465 men and 64,327 women aged 40 years and older and younger than 80. The number of female smokers and drinkers was low, and women were excluded from the analysis for that reason. In addition, 308 people with histories of malignant neoplasm, and 3,579 with unclear smoking and drinking data were also excluded, resulting in 42,578 people available for analysis. A follow-up of these individuals was conducted until 1999. Cox proportional hazards model was used for the analysis. RESULTS: The joint effects of number of cigarettes and amount of alcohol consumed per day were compared with non-smokers and non-drinkers or those consuming less than one unit of alcohol per day. An increased synergistic esophageal cancer mortality risk (3.88) for both smoking and drinking was observed for those smoking 20 cigarettes or less per day and drinking one unit of alcohol or more but less than three units per day, with the risk rising (6.30) for those smoking at least 21 cigarettes and drinking at least three units of alcohol per day. Even in non-smokers with increased alcohol consumption, and in non-drinkers or those drinking at most one drink per day with increased smoking, no increased risk was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort study of a Japanese population, increased esophageal cancer mortality risk was observed only when both factors of alcohol and tobacco intake were present simultaneously.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Characteristics and course of bone mineral densities among fast bone losers in a rural Japanese community: the Miyama Study.

The aim of this study was to clarify and compare the temporal course of bone mineral density (BMD) between fast bone losers and normal residents in Miyama Village, a rural Japanese community. BMD was measured over a 10-year period in a cohort study in Miyama Village, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, to provide information on rate of bone loss in the mature and elderly population. Subjects ( n=400) were selected by sex and age stratum from the full list of residents born in 1910-1949, with 50 men and 50 women in each age decade. Baseline BMD of the lumbar spine and proximal femur was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 1990, 1993, 1997 and 2000. In the cohort, 171 men and 189 women completed the follow-up survey performed in 1993. After calculating the rate of bone loss between 1990 and 1993, the greatest tertile from the distribution of bone loss was categorized as fast bone losers, with the remainder considered as normal subjects. Changes in BMD were compared between normal subjects and fast bone losers over the 10-year period. Mean rate of change for BMD at both lumbar spine and femoral neck in fast bone losers recovered to levels similar to those in normal subjects over 7 years of observation. By contrast, BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck decreased steeply over the 10-year period in both groups, and mean BMD for fast bone losers was significantly lower than that of normal subjects ( P<0.05). These differences were apparent only at the lumbar spine in both men and women, even after adjusting for age. These results indicate that fast bone loss is a transient phenomenon rather than a fixed status, although individuals who have been categorized as fast bone losers at some stage continue to display low BMD in the lumbar spine.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Impact of elevated blood pressure on mortality from all causes, cardiovascular diseases, heart disease and stroke among Japanese: 14 year follow-up of randomly selected population from Japanese -- Nippon data 80.

The objectives of the study were to clarify the relationship between blood pressure and mortality from stroke, heart disease, cardiovascular diseases and all causes of death among representative population of Japanese and to estimate category-specific excess mortality from stroke due to blood pressure (BP) level. The study design comprised a retrospective cohort study using the 1980 National Survey on Cardiovascular Diseases and identification of underlying causes of death using national vital statistics data. In 1994, a 14-year follow-up cohort study was conducted among participants of the National Survey on Cardiovascular Diseases in 1980, randomly selected from the Japanese population. With a collaboration of 300 public health centres, which had conducted the original survey in 1980, 91.4% of the participants of the original survey could be followed up. Total observed person-years were 53948 for men and 70932 for women. During follow-up, 1327 deaths were observed. BP levels were significantly related to mortality from strokes, cardiovascular diseases and all causes of death for both sexes (P<0.001). Heart disease mortality was significantly related to BP levels among men (P<0.05) while not among women. Estimated excess mortality was 130% for men and 42% for women and chiefly observed among moderate hypertensives (48% for men and 16% for women). In conclusion, high blood pressure was a risk factor for mortality from all causes as well as those from cardiovascular diseases, stroke and heart disease among Japanese. Since the major part of excess mortality was due to mild hypertension, a population strategy to reduce blood pressure should be encouraged.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The relationship between endogenous estrogen, sex hormone-binding globulin, and bone loss in female residents of a rural Japanese community: the Taiji Study.

The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between endogenous estrogen, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and bone loss in pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal female residents of Taiji, a rural Japanese community. From a list of inhabitants aged 40 to 79 years, 200 participants-50 women in each of four age decades-were randomly selected, and baseline bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and proximal femur were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 1993. Total estradiol (total E2) and SHBG were measured, and SHBG-unbound E2 (UBE2) was calculated using SHBG and the percent SHBG-unbound fraction ratio. BMD was measured again 3 years later, in 1996. Participants with ovariectomy or hysterectomy were excluded, and the remaining participants were categorized into four groups: premenopausal ( n = 38), perimenopausal ( n = 14), postmenopausal group 1 (5 years or less since menopause; n = 18), and postmenopausal group 2 (6 years or more since menopause; n = 74). The mean value of total E2 was highest in the premenopausal group (49.1 pg/ml), followed by the perimenopausal group (26.4 pg/ml), and the postmenopausal groups (0.83 pg/ml in postmenopausal group 1 and 0.96 pg/ml in postmenopausal group 2). The means for UBE2 showed the same pattern across the groups. After the multiple regression analysis of BMD at follow-up and endogenous estrogens, in premenopausal women, there were no significant associations between BMD at follow-up and serum total E2 and UBE2. In perimenopausal women, however, serum total E2 and UBE2 were significantly correlated with trochanteric BMD at follow-up ( P < 0.05); and in postmenopausal group 2, they were significantly correlated with lumbar spine and Ward's triangle BMD at follow-up ( P < 0.001 at lumbar spine, P < 0.05 at Ward's triangle). Concerning the association between BMD at follow-up and SHBG, in the premenopausal group, serum levels of SHBG were negatively correlated with BMD at the femoral neck ( P < 0.05). In regard to partial regression coefficients for the change rates of BMD over 3 years and serum estrogens and SHBG concentrations, in perimenopausal women, UBE2 was correlated with the change rate of BMD at Ward's triangle ( P < 0.05), and in postmenopausal group 1, serum levels of SHBG were significantly negatively related to change in BMD at the trochanter ( P < 0.01). No other relationships with change in BMD were observed at any sites. These findings suggest that serum E2, UBE2, and SHBG levels differentially predict BMD levels in groups of differing menstrual status. It would, however, be difficult to predict bone loss in middle-aged and elderly Japanese women over a 3-year period using these indices alone.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Incidence of Parkinson disease in Wakayama, Japan.

To estimate an accurate annual incidence of Parkinson disease in Wakayama, a mail survey was conducted in 1998. A questionnaire was delivered to each clinic where Parkinson disease would be potentially diagnosed. The survey was conducted in February 1998 by the Research Committee on Parkinson disease of Wakayama. A total of 792 clinics and 87 hospitals were listed as candidates. Physicians in these 879 medical facilities were asked and instructed to register all newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson disease in 1997 according to the diagnostic criteria proposed by the Japanese Research Committee on Neuro-degenerative Diseases. Of 879 facilities, 873 ones including 81 hospitals replied (response rate: 99%). A total of 229 patients were reported as newly diagnosed cases in 1997. Of these cases, 183 cases were classified as Yahr I to III. The annual incidence rate was 16.9 per 100,000 population (95% confidence interval: 14.5-19.3). Male-to-female ratio was 1:1.4 as a whole, and the dominant age stratum was 70 to 79 years old. When Parkinson disease incidence was observed from northern part of Wakayama to south by district, crude rates (95% CIs) were 15.9(12.9-18.9), 18.1(12.0-24.2), and 19.3(13.4-25.2). After age-adjustment using the Japanese Model Population in 1985, differences of Parkinson disease incidence became attenuated and adjusted rates (95% CIs) turned to 10.8(9.1-12.7), 10.4(8.6-12.2), and 9.9(6.9-12.9), respectively.

Adult↗