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Biomedical subjects

U Ackermann-Liebrich

Publications and source records attributed to U Ackermann-Liebrich.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Air pollution and respiratory tract diseases in children].

Children are particularly susceptible for respiratory diseases, this is why studies on health effects of air pollution are often investigating children. Children have some other advantages: they do not smoke and they are not exposed to potentially noxious environment at work, also they spend their time fairly constantly in their usual environment. Studies from England and the United States show higher incidence of acute and a higher prevalence of chronic respiratory disease in children living in areas with higher concentration of air pollutants than in groups living in areas with lower concentration of pollutants. Some studies show these effects in concentration similar to those observed in swiss townships. Nevertheless specific studies in Switzerland are indicated in order to investigate the effect of the particular composition of pollutants in Switzerland and to assess effects of future possible improvements of the air quality.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1985

[Epidemiology of fatal abnormalities in Switzerland].

Official certificates of stillbirth and infant death are analysed in the birth cohort of 1979-81. Congenital malformations account for approx. 40% of infant mortality. Cantonal differences in malformation rates are not explained by different incidence of such malformations only, but also by differences in lethality. Incidence of Anencephaly is examined in detail.

Anencephaly↗
PubMed1985

[Breast feeding: the natural means of health promotion].

Breast-feeding has long been accepted as the best way of feeding young children. Promotion of breast-feeding in hospitals has increased the proportion of women beginning to breast feed. The maintenance of lactation however needs other support, which can be provided by self help groups. "La Leche Liga"'s activity centers around this problem. Breastfeeding circles take place in Switzerland too and provide an opportunity for sharing experience and learning to solve everyday problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Tuberculin tests and the incidence of tuberculosis in students. Experiences from the Basle school health service].

15-year-old reactors to intradermic tuberculin tests were analized over the period from 1976 to 1983 to assess the prevalence of tuberculosis in this age group. The proportion of children with BCG vaccination increased in the observation period from 34% to 49%. The rate of spontaneous tuberculin convertors has therefore to be calculated as a proportion of the non-vaccinated children only. During the years 1976-1983, this rate was between a minimum of 6.3% and maximum 14.5%. Since the children had not been tested for four years previously, an incidence between 1.5 an 3% can be calculated for this age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Development conditions and development status of 10-year-old children in Basle].

Children from the "Basle Kindergarten Study" (born 1971-73) were re-examined during their 4th year of primary school, i.e. at the age of ten (1981-84) (Follow-up of a representative sample of 10% of all children in the first year of kindergarten). The aim of this study is to analyse differences in physical and psycho-social development of children living in different conditions, particularly between immigrant and Swiss children. First results are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1984

[Development over 10 years of children with birth weight less than 1501 g].

170 Children born between 1971 and 73 and hospitalised at the neonatal intensive care unit of the Hospital for Children of the University of Basel because of very low birth weight and/or IRDS are re-examined at the age of 10 years. First analyses show high mortality amongst the children with very low birth weight (38% of 122 died up to the age of 10 years) and a physical development (weight and height) below that of a representative sample of children of the same age.

Body Height↗
PubMed1984

[Changes in conflict reaction mechanisms in juvenile delinquents in a therapeutic milieu].

An institution of execution of measures is passing through changes towards a therapeutic community. The effect of this change is assessed in terms of elopements and illness episodes. The conflict reactions seem to change from leaving the institution without permission towards physical illness during the 6-year period observed. Reasons for this change are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Nutritional references in primary-school textbooks used in Basle and Berne].

Since nutrition education is a topic to be introduced into primary teaching this study examines the contents of primary school books of the cantons of Basle and Berne regarding this matter. Direct nutrition education, knowledge on nutrition presented and indirect images of nutritional behaviour as given in the books are analysed. Only few direct contents concerning nutrition education were found and these were not in line with updated theories. Knowledge on food and nutrition is fragmentary (e.g. when the path of a food item into a meal ought to be described). The indirect message is transmitting a traditional, uncritical view, and supportive of sweet consumption. Findings show an urgent need for adaption of primary school books on modern nutritional knowledge.

Books↗
PubMed1982

[How many times has your child had an accident?].

Anamnestic data on frequency, type and place of accidents of children attending the nursery school, the 4th and 8th grade education. Evaluation of a questionnaire to the parents. According to an analysis of 21,560 parental questionnaires which includes information on accidents of their children, 31% of the children attending the nursery school (5 years), 48% of those of the 4th (10 years) and 61% of those of the 8th (14 and 15 years) grade education had suffered an accident once or several times, girls significantly less often than boys. The most frequent types of accidents were open injuries and fractures. Accidents among younger children happened mostly at home, those of the older more frequently at school and at sport. No relationship was found between the rate of accidents and eyesight.

Accidents↗
PubMed1981

[Practical application of tuberculin tests].

A study was conducted to compare the Tuberculin-Tine test with the Tuberculin Monotest; a total of 1861 pupils (age 15) were tested with either of the two tests, non-reactors were retested with a Mantoux-Test of 10 UI. False negative rates were 16% for the Tuberculin Tine-test and 25% for the Monotest. However the positive reactions of the Monotest were more unequivocal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Drug consumption by students in Basel].

A survey on drug consumption of school children of Basle (age 13-18) was conducted by anonymous questionnaire and involved 50% of the adolescents concerned. Analgesic drugs were taken by almost 60% of pupils, this proportion increased with age and demands of school. Psychosomatic complaints like headache were the most frequent reasons given for the consumption of drugs; alternative treatments for such complaints were unknown to the pupils.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Study of the obligatory medical aptitude test of apprentices in Basel-Stadt canton].

A project in the framework of the National Research Programme on Efficiency in Health care investigates the effects of the medical aptitude examinations, which are -- unique in Switzerland -- legally prescribed in the canton of Basle-Ville since 1972. It will examine relevance and efficacy and suggests possible improvements. Sources for the collection of retrospective data and characteristics of the study population are described. All people beginning their apprenticeship 1973-1977, a total of 11,995, have been included in the study because discontinuing an apprenticeship for health reasons is thought to be rather rare and only one fourth of those who did not complete their apprenticeship were ready to give detailed information. 7% of these respondents explained their drop-out with health reason. Further analyses will help to decide if this result is likely to be true also for the nonrespondents.

Aptitude Tests↗
PubMed1980

[Experiences with the tuberculin tine test in serial tests].

During the past year the tuberculin tine test, frequently used in Switzerland to indicate tuberculin allergy, was again the subject of controversy. A retrospective study analysed results of tuberculin tests in school children (average age 15) obtained by the Basle School Health Service during 1976--1978. A total of 4919 tine tests were read during this period. 2416 of the total of 3405 tine-negative pupils were also tested with 10 TU PPD Berna according to Mantoux. 357 (14.8%) showed positive reactions. Since not all tine-negative pupils were submitted to a Mantoux test, it must be assumed that 14.8% false negatives were missed in the group not further tested. On this basis, a sensitivity of 74.4% was calculated for the tine test. It is a debatable point whether this is sufficient for practical use.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1980

[Factors influencing dental caries in school children in a city with fluoridated water].

In a joint study by the school health and the school dental health service 4386 children were examined and their nutritional habits recorded. Analysis shows that mainly the consumption of sweets between regular meals and insufficient dental hygiene are responsible for the presence of caries. While health education for dental hygiene is presently given at school nutrition education is still a neglected subject.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[The development of children who were breast-fed for a long time].

In the Basle Kindergarten study children who were breast-fed for more than 18 weeks were compared in their development with children who had never received breast milk. The children were grouped according to their origin in Italian and Swiss children. The difference in height between breast-fed and non breastfed children was found to be significative in Italian children. Breast-fed children had higher cholesterol levels than children who had never been suckled.

Body Height↗
PubMed1980

[The professional and familial status of female physicians in Switzerland].

A questionnaire on professional and family life was sent to all women doctors in Switzerland (N=2570). 70% were returned, 80% of the respondents are exercising their profession, though only 50% in full time jobs. The most important reason for not working is the presence of small children, mainly in doctors aged 30-40.

Adult↗