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Biomedical subjects

U Börner

Publications and source records attributed to U Börner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Sensitivity and specificity of a new commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay kit for detecting Entamoeba histolytica IgG antibodies in serum samples.

The study presented here was conducted to evaluate the performance of the newly available RIDASCREEN Set (R-Biopharm AG, Darmstadt, Germany) for the detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies against Entamoeba histolytica. The sensitivity and specificity of this new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were evaluated using a panel of sera from 239 individuals. The assay was positive for 43 of 44 patients with invasive amebiasis, including all 18 patients with amebic liver abscess, while it was negative for 190 of 195 adult controls who were either healthy individuals or patients with other parasitic diseases. The kit was found to be highly specific (97.4%) and sensitive (97.7%) for detecting antibodies against E. histolytica in humans. Although antibody titers in patients with amebic liver abscess tend to be higher on average than in patients with invasive amebiasis, it is not possible to distinguish the two forms solely based on the results of this commercial test.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Desflurane inhibits platelet function in vitro similar to halothane.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The effects of the volatile anaesthetic desflurane on platelet activation in vitro were studied and compared to those of halothane. METHODS: Platelet-rich plasma was exposed to 2 MAC of desflurane or halothane, or air only and stimulated by platelet agonists ADP (2.5, 5 and 10 micromol L(-10) and collagen (10 microg m(L-1)). Platelet response was measured by Born aggregometry (maximum aggregation response, area under the curve) and flow cytometry (mean channel fluorescence, percentage of CD62P-positive cells, index of platelet activation for positive platelets). RESULTS: Aggregation response was significantly reduced in platelets exposed to desflurane or halothane; the inhibitory effect was more pronounced when the areas under the curve were analysed: values ranged from 37.5% to 73.3% of control samples for ADP stimulation and 77.1% to 79.8% for collagen stimulation. CD62P expression before and after stimulation with receptor agonists was not statistically different in platelets exposed to desflurane, halothane or air. CONCLUSIONS: By impairing platelet aggregation while not affecting alpha-degranulation desflurane has a differential effect on various aspects of platelet activation similar to halothane. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis of an impairment of platelet thromboxane receptor signalling by halothane. We suggest a similar mechanism for desflurane.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed1999

Pseudocholinesterase-activity reduction during cardiopulmonary bypass: the role of dilutional processes and pharmacological agents.

UNLABELLED: 1. Pseudocholinesterase (ChE) activity is a determinant of the elimination kinetics of several drugs used in anesthesia. The time course of ChE activity was investigated in 16 patients undergoing cardiosurgery for a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in normothermia or hypothermia. 2. The onset of the CPB was accompanied by a decrease in ChE activity (-37%) (P<0.05) and protein concentration (-24%) (P<0.05). The quotient ChE activity/protein concentration was numerically reduced to a smaller extent (-15%) (P>0.05). After the CPB was finished, ChE activity and the protein concentration remained low for the remaining operation time. 3. There was no difference in ChE activity, measured in vitro at 37 degrees C, between the normothermic and hypothermic group (P>0.05). 4. There was no correlation between heparin concentration in serum and reduction of ChE activity in vitro (P>0.05). In vitro, the ChE activity was not affected by either heparin in doses as high as 10,000 U/ml or aprotinin in doses as high as 10,000 U/ml (P>0.05). 5. CONCLUSIONS: (1) ChE activity is reduced by CPB mainly by hemodilution and (2) the pharmacological agents used in the present anesthetic technique (heparin, aprotinin, midazolam, fentanyl, propofol and mivacurium) do not inhibit ChE activity at therapeutic serum concentrations.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Efficacy of oral iron supplementation is not enhanced by additional intravenous iron during autologous blood donation.

BACKGROUND: The study compared the efficacy of oral iron combined with intravenous iron supplementation to that of oral iron supplementation alone in increasing the preoperative production of hemoglobin (Hb) in autologous blood donors with normal iron stores. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: One hundred eight iron-replete patients who were scheduled for donation of 3 units of autologous blood at weekly intervals were randomly assigned to receive, in a double-blind fashion, no iron supplementation (placebo, Group 1), oral iron supplementation (285.6 mg of elemental iron/day, Group 2), or oral iron plus intravenous iron supplementation (285.6 mg of elemental iron/day orally plus 102.5 mg of elemental iron/week intravenously, Group 3). The amount of Hb produced during the 21-day study period was determined by the total amount of Hb donated minus the change in the amount of circulating Hb between the first donation (Day 0) and the poststudy examination (Day 21). RESULTS: Hb production did not differ significantly in the two iron-supplemented groups (oral iron, 85 +/- 36 g; oral plus intravenous iron, 74 +/- 43 g). The patients in the oral iron group produced a significantly greater amount of Hb than those in the placebo group (85 +/- 36 g vs. 52 +/- 41 g, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Oral iron supplementation increased the production of Hb in autologous blood donors more than placebo did. Additional intravenous iron did not lead to a further increase in preoperative Hb production.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

The influence of various anesthetics on the release and metabolism of thyroid hormones: results of two clinical studies.

Normal functioning of the thyroid gland during surgery is important, but few data are available on the possible interactions between anesthesia and thyroid hormones. In two independent studies we examined the influence of different types of general anesthesia on the plasma levels of the thyroid hormones. They revealed an intraoperative increase of free thyroxine (fT4) and total thyroxine (tT4) in plasma to approximately 150% of preanesthesia levels when enflurane was used. No increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion was noted prior to this. The increase was not due to a quantitative change in the binding proteins. The plasma levels of fT4 and tT4 returned to normal postoperatively; however, no accompanying increase in plasma triiodothyronine levels was observed. Hence we assume the increase to be due to hormone release from thyroid and/or extrathyroidal stores--an intercompartmental shifting.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Lesions of the sensorimotor region: somatosensory evoked potentials and ultrasound guided surgery.

In 10 patients with lesions of the sensorimotor cortex cortical SEP were registered to identify the postcentral gyrus, and intra-operative ultrasound sonography served to locate the lesion. The combination of both techniques helped to find the optimal approach to the lesion. Postoperative results were considered favourable, as only one patient suffered transient postoperative deterioration, six were unchanged and in three patients the pre-operative motor deficits were improved. The combination of intra-operative ultrasound and neurophysiological identification of the sensorimotor cortex is concluded as being useful in surgery within this region.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of acebutolol on plasma catecholamines and perioperative endocrine stress parameters].

In order to investigate the effect of intraoperative beta-blockade with acebutolol on the endocrine stress response during modified neuroleptanesthesia, 20 patients for major abdominal or thoracic surgery from ASA groups I-III were randomly allocated to the following groups: (1) control group without acebutolol treatment; or (2) treatment group, administration of 0.2 mg/kg acebutolol 5 min after induction of anesthesia. During a period of 30 min before operation, intraoperatively, and 30 min after the end of operation plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine (by HPLC) and ADH, ACTH, and cortisol (by RIA) were measured. In addition, mean arterial pressure (MAP), HR, and plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, and free glycerol were determined. Statistical evaluation was undertaken by analysis of variance with repeated measures on one factor, considering P values of less than 0.05 as significant. The administration of acebutolol had no influence on plasma catecholamine concentrations during the preoperative rest period. There was no evidence of any interaction between beta-blockade and plasma catecholamines. After induction of anesthesia, the levels of all hormones decreased. During the operation, there was a significant increase in all endocrine parameters measured. No differences were found between the treatment and control groups. All endocrine parameters reached their highest levels 30 min after the end of the operation. The differences in MAP, HR, glucose, lactate, and free glycerol between the groups failed to reach statistical significance.

Acebutolol↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of nimodipine on plasma catecholamines and perioperative endocrine stress parameters].

The influence of nimodipine on plasma-catecholamines, ADH, ACTH and cortisol during standardized, modified neurolept-anaesthesia was investigated in 20 patients for major abdominal and thoracic surgery. The application of nimodipine led to an intra- and postoperative increase in both adrenaline and noradrenaline. No influence could be demonstrated on ADH, ACTH or cortisol. Group-levels of MAP were lower in the nimodipine-group. No statistical differences became obvious for HR, glucose, lactate and free glycerol. The increases in adrenaline and noradrenaline can be attributed to a cardiocirculatory rebound-phenomenon due to the vasodilative properties of the substance. Under the conditions of adequate fentanylanalgesia, no influence of nimodipine on ADH, ACTH or cortisol was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Heparin elimination and free hemoglobin following cell separation and washing of autologous blood with Cell Saver 4].

Haemoseparation is used for recovery of autologous blood following cardiac surgery protecting patients from various hazards accompanying homologous blood transfusion. Former studies demonstrated that autotransfusion did not increase blood loss after cardiac surgery despite reduced plasma and platelets following centrifugation and washing of oxygenator content. The purpose of our study was to determine the content of heparin and unbound haemoglobin in autologous packed red cells. METHODS. 10 consenting patients undergoing cardiac surgery (table 1) were investigated. Immediately after termination of bypass blood samples were collected from the oxygenator and from autologous blood following concentration and washing with saline solution in the Haemonetics Cell-Saver 4. Contents of haemoglobin, haematocrit, heparin - with and without addition of antithrombine III - and unbound haemoglobin were analysed. RESULTS. Mean duration of extracorporeal circulation was 100.4 minutes. The oxygenators' volume averaged 2089.9 ml blood with a haemoglobin content of 6.7 g/dl and a haematocrit of 20.4%. This was reduced to 660.8 ml autologous blood with a haemoglobin content of 17.9 g/dl and a haematocrit of 57.2% (table 2). The heparin content of the oxygenator blood was 0.47 U/ml without AT III, and with AT III 0.87 U/ml. Autologous blood contained 0.009 U/ml without AT III; with AT III we measured 0.41 U/ml heparin. Unbound haemoglobin content amounted to 11.4 mg/dl in the oxygenator blood and 71.8 mg/dl in the autologous blood (table 3). CONCLUSIONS. Our results demonstrate that autologous blood following concentration and washing of the oxygenator blood with a Haemonetics Cell-Saver 4 contains heparin, but the amount of heparin is not enough to provoke bleeding after retransfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Component Removal↗
PubMed1987

The effect of intrathecal baclofen on electrical muscle activity in spasticity.

The efficacy of intrathecally administered baclofen was demonstrated in three patients with different types of muscular hypertonia (supraspinal rigidity, spasms shortly after spinal trauma, spasms for many years induced by multiple sclerosis) using integrated electromyography. Reduction of muscular electrical activity was accompanied by clinical improvement during long-term infusion via an implanted pump. The three patients have been observed for more than 1 year, during which time the antispastic activity of intrathecally infused baclofen has remained stable. Intrathecal application of baclofen may be considered as a possible alternative to surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Laser-assisted trachea anastomoses in dogs.

Tracheal anastomoses are known to be related to special surgical risks. We performed laser-assisted trachea anastomoses in 10 Beagle dogs, using an Argon-laser system and a handheld quarz fiber for energy transmission. All animals showed an uneventful postoperative course without signs of infection, air-leakage or respiratory impairment. Pathologic examination revealed no significant stenosis but a normal reconstruction of the tracheal endothelium and a normal woundhealing with only an increased connective tissue reaction. Because of the lower tensile strength of laser-assisted anastomoses in general, three adapting absorbable sutures should be left in situ to increase the resistance against mechanical stress. Under these circumstances laser-assisted anastomoses seem to be a promising additional method in the field of tracheal reconstruction and transplantation.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗