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Biomedical subjects

U Börner

Publications and source records attributed to U Börner.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The influence of anticoagulation on acid-base status and blood-gas analysis.

The results of acid-base status and blood-gas analysis can be influenced massively by incorrect sampling. We found that the addition of heparin has no great effect on blood-gas measurement. Citric acid and fluoride can also be admixed to blood samples in the usual concentrations without severe side-effects. The major error in the determination of blood gases and acid-base status is a consequence of even minimal dilution: filling the deadspace of a syringe with any diluent leads to unacceptable results. Hence, we conclude that blood specimens for determination of blood gases and acid-base status should be taken in specially prepared syringes containing the anticoagulant in the form of a dry substance. We think that citric acid is also acceptable for anticoagulation. Fluoride should be added in order to minimize alterations of pH due to anaerobic glycolysis.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1983

[Evaluation of a new apparatus for determining sodium and potassium via ion-selective electrodes].

Evaluation of an apparatus for the direct measurement of sodium and potassium by means of ion-selective electrodes yielded very good results. This apparatus is notable for excellent linearity. It possesses a low detection threshold, the lowest identification limit being 4.43 mmol./l. for sodium and 0.21 mmol./l. for potassium. The sensitivity is high, since it is approximately 1.5 mmol./l. for sodium in whole blood and approximately 0.15 mmol./l. for potassium. On checking the accuracy of the instrument, a mean recovery of 100% was seen for both electrolytes. An examination of the precision of the instrument yielded, in serial determinations of sodium, variation coefficients between 0.2 and 0.4%, and in case of potassium, variation coefficients around 1%; even in respect of day-to-day precision, all variation coefficients were definitely below 5%. Hence, the overall precision of the apparatus can be rated as good. However, when using whole blood samples anticoagulated with sodium heparinate solution, it is necessary to take the dilution effect into account when arriving at the potassium value.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1983

[Pathophysiology of thoracic injuries].

A systematic review of the pathophysiology of thoracic injuries has not yet been published. As an introduction all kinds of injuries of the chest are listed. The causes of the so called "acute thorax" are described. Furthermore three cardinal symptoms which occur after thoracic trauma are distinguished and explained: hemorrhagic shock, the combination of venous congestion and low cardiac output (which is very similar to cardiogenic shock) and hypoxia. A short description of the pathophysiology of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is given. The review ends with some remarks to the therapeutic management of chest injury and to the aftereffects of initial therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

[Influence of different preinjections on unfavourable side-effects of succinylcholine-induced block (author's transl)].

Pretreatment with a subparalytic dose of a nondepolarizing relaxant is used to prevent side-effects of the succinylcholine (Sch) dose needed for intubation. On the other hand small doses of Sch (self-taming) or lignocaine are recommended to avoid in part reversal of the Sch-induced block caused by nondepolarizing relaxant. 50 patients received different preinjections before Sch-induced relaxation: 2 mg alcuronium, n = 10; 1 mg pancuronium, n = 10; 0.1 mg/kg bw Sch, n = 10; 1 mg/kg bw lignocaine, n = 10; no pretreatment, n = 10. Injection of small doses of Sch or lignocaine prior to the Sch dose needed for intubation, offered no advantage in comparison to the conventional method of pretreatment with nondepolarizing relaxant, concerning intensity and duration of the relaxation, conditions for intubation and muscle fasciculations. After preinjection of Sch or lignocaine a similar rise of serum potassium was observed as without preinjection (0.4-0.5 mEq/l).

Humans↗
PubMed1981

[Epidural morphine as adjunct to epidural anaesthesia in obstetrics (author's transl)].

Epidural opiate as a single analgesic during labour failed to relieve pain sufficiently. According to a synergistic effect of epidural opiate and local anaesthetic a combination of both drugs appears to be useful for obstetric analgesia. In a double-blind-study a single epidural morphine-application at an early stage of labour led to prolonged intervals of reinjection during conventional epidural anaesthesia with bupivacaine. The reduced dosage of local anaesthetic improves neonatal status and reduces the necessity of extractional aids. In addition the long-lasting postpartum pains. Side-effects, such as vomiting and pruritus, are rare.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1981

[Epidural application of opiates in chronic pain due to malignoma (author's transl)].

In 75 patients epidural opiates were applied for relief of chronic cancer pain. In order to avoid local infection during long-term therapy part of the catheter was placed subcutaneously. Different opiates were used separately or in combination with local anaesthetics to define the degree and duration of pain relief after epidural opiate application. Haemodynamic and respiratory parameters, changes in lower extremity blood supply and other side-effects were recorded during epidural pain therapy. Epidural opiate application cause a long-lasting reduction of pain, which may become restricted during long-term or repeated use, especially after a period of systemic opiate therapy. Side-effects, for example slight respiratory depression in the first hour after injection, indicate an initial phase of resorption beeing followed by a long-lasting reduction of pain without attendant symptoms. Keeping in mind certain precautions epidural opiate therapy is superior to systemic opiate application.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Intraoperative peridural opiate analgesia (author's transl)].

Epidural injection of small doses of opiates causes a reduction of pain in the lower parts of the body. The use of epidural opiate-analgesia for surgical anesthesia, combined with controlled ventilation (oxygen-nitrous oxide), was investigated in 170 patients undergoing surgery, especially long lasting gynaecological operations. Haemodynamic monitoring demonstrated a constant cardiovascular situation, underlining the sufficiency of analgesia. Blood gas analyses for one hour after the operation revealed no signs of respiratory depression. The epidural opiate-analgesia outlasted the intraoperative period, covering even the postoperative phase.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1980

[Epidural opiate analgesia (EOA), compatibility of opiates with tissue and CSF (author's transl)].

To estimate the compatibility of opiates with tissue we measured the pH of opiate solutions in comparison to local anaesthetics. Piritramide and opium solutions revealed very low pH values (3.96 and 3.38). Two patients, who underwent EOA for the last two and a half three weeks before their death showed, macroscopically and microscopically, no signs of effect on tissue. The examination of the compatibility of opiate solutions and local anaesthetics with CSF showed a deproteinisation of CSF after Piritramide and a rise of opacity after opium. Of the local anaesthetics tested, only Editocaine interferred by crystallizing of the substance. In conclusion, all opiates except piritramide and opium can be used in EOA. In our opinion bupivacaine but not editocaine can be used for spinal anesthesia. All opiates tested can be mixed either with bupivacaine or editocaine.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1979

[A specific fully enzymatic method for creatinine: reference values in serum (author's transl)].

Reference values for creatinine in serum were established using a fully enzymatic method, adapted to a discontinuous analyzer. Our reference group included 250 females and 215 males (blood donors, hospital staff and patients) aged 18-70 years. Up to 60 years, creatinine concentration did not depend on age, but there was a significant difference between the creatinine concentrations of women and men. We propose reference ranges for creatinine in serum (95% range) of 44-80 mu mol/l for women and of 44-97 mu mol/l for men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Enzymatic assay of creatinine in serum: comparison with Jaffé methods (author's transl)].

The creatinine concentrations in 337 sera were determined by enzymatic assay and by six different modifications of the Jaffé method. The enzymatic assay showed satisfactory precision and gave the same results as the assay after adsorption on Fuller's earth (Lloyd's reagent). All other methods using picrate gave falsely high values: the relative deviation from the enzymatic method had a median value between +20% and +50% for creatinine concentrations in the range 22-88 mu mol/l, and between +10% and 30% for creatinine concentrations in the range 89-177 mu mol/l. The study thus confirms the lack of specificity of all Jaffé methods, with the exception of the assay after adsorption on Fuller's earth.

Creatinine↗