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Biomedical subjects

U Elchalal

Publications and source records attributed to U Elchalal.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Management of labor and labor complications.

Obstetricians assume a dual role in the provision of health care for both mother and fetus during labor. Not only do they function as consultants for medical and surgical problems peculiar to labor, but they also assume a more broad-based role in the prevention of labor complications to achieve the best possible health maintenance for both patients. This includes the provision of continuous health care throughout pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum management. A summary of the common problems of management of labor and labor complications is provided, including fetal monitoring during labor, augmentation of labor, vaginal delivery after cesarean section, epidural analgesia and its effects on delivery, and fecal incontinence after delivery.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1995

Current concepts in management of epithelial ovarian tumors of low malignant potential.

Approximately 15 percent of epithelial ovarian tumors are tumors of LMP. Epithelial stratification, cellular atypia, mitotic activity, and abscence of ovarian stromal invasion set the histopathological criteria for diagnosis. Serous and mucinous tumors of LMP represent 80 to 95% of all cases. These tumors occur in patients at a younger age than those with invasive cancer and many times in fertile women who have not accomplished their family planning yet. Ovarian tumors of low malignant potential carry a favorable prognosis in comparison to invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. The recurrence rate after surgery for these tumors ranges from 10 percent to 30 percent, occurring as late as 10 or more years after presentation. The majority of patients (80-92 percent) with ovarian tumors of LMP present with stage I disease. Peritoneal implants display a range of histologic appearances, ranging from benign glands to those with features of invasive disease. Tumor markers such as CA-125 are not as useful in tumors of LMP as in invasive ovarian carcinoma. Elevated CA-125 are found only in patients with advanced serous tumors of LMP; thus, other markers such as transvaginal Doppler measurements of vascular resistant index has been suggested for possible differentiation between a benign and LMP ovarian tumors before surgery. Primary conservative surgery consisting of unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is considered to be an appropriate treatment for young women with stage Ia ovarian tumors of LMP who wish to retain their fertility potential. Up to 70 percent of women who underwent conservative surgery subsequently conceive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1995

Treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus in the elderly: an update.

Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus is a disorder of the skin that can occur anywhere on the body and in all age groups but mainly affects middle-aged and elderly women in the vulvoperineal area. It consists of ivory or pink papules or macules that eventually coalesce into thin, gray, parchment-like areas. Clinically, the main symptoms are severe and intractable itching and vaginal soreness with dyspareunia. Although it has been described to be associated with an increased risk for epithelial malignancy this, in fact, very rarely occurs. The exact nature of LSA is still unknown. The accumulation of evidence does little to clarify its pathogenesis and etiology. The different reports indicate at least three general possibilities; autoimmune, metabolic, and more recently infectious etiology. The coexistence of such diverse findings in one disease entity may indicate one of the two; either we are facing a group of very similar conditions, which will be separated in the future into several closely related clinical entities, each with its own etiology, or that all findings represent a complex multi-step single pathogenetic mechanism. The latter possibility seems more probable because it has previously been suggested that B. burgdorferi, a recent prime suspect in the pathogenesis of LSA, may induce both metabolic and autoimmune abnormalities in the course of infection. New therapeutic options and attitudes emerge that dramatically improved the conservative treatment of this disease (Table 5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Umbilical cord blood for use in transplantation.

Bone marrow transplantation has rapidly progressed over the last two decades offering cure and prolonged disease-free survival for patients suffering from certain hemato-oncological malignancies or metabolic disorders. However, bone marrow transplantation is limited by the paucity of major histocompatibility loci antigen (HLA)-matched donors, and the morbidity and mortality due to graft-versus-host disease. Recently it has been shown, that umbilical cord blood represents a unique source of transplantable hematopoietic progenitor cells. Currently, human umbilical cord blood from a newborn sibling has been used successfully for hematopoietic reconstitution of approximately 40 children with congenital or malignant diseases. Establishment of umbilical cord blood banks might alleviate some of the problems associated with bone marrow transplantation. The developments in this field which have occurred during the last decade, as well as the importance of cooperation between the obstetric and transplantation staff, are discussed in this review. Certain ethical problems remain surrounding the issue of using human umbilical cord blood for allogeneic transplantation which must be addressed.

Aborted Fetus↗
PubMed1995

Human umbilical cord blood for hematopoietic progenitor cells transplantation.

Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) represents a unique source of transplantable hematopoietic progenitor cells. HUCB from a newborn sibling has been used successfully for hematopoietic reconstitution of more than 50 children with congenital and malignant diseases. Moreover, 13 HUCB transplants have been performed from unrelated donors. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has rapidly progressed over the last two decades offering cure and prolonged disease free survival in patients with hemato-oncological malignancies, metabolic and genetic disorders. BMT is limited by the paucity of HLA-matched donors and the morbidity and mortality due to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). HUCB could alleviate some of the problems associated with BMT and establishment of HUCB bank and registries could become an easily available source of suitable stem cells for transplantation. This review focuses on identifying current scientific problems and clinical achievement as well as noting the most recent developments in the field with special attention to the collection, processing, cryopreservation, and banking of HUCB. Progenitor cells from cord blood may provide an excellent vehicle for future gene therapy. As a result of relative immunodeficiency at birth, it is likely that partially matched unrelated cord blood transplants (CBT) would be successful due to a lower risk of GVHD related problems. Therefore, the establishment of large cord blood banks is of the utmost importance, in the future.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1994

Behavioural and social issues in contraception.

Approximately 77% of the world's population lives in developing countries, where poverty prevails, and leads to high mortality and morbidity rates. About 95% of the world's population growth occurs in these countries, which are least equipped to meet the problem. Proper use of contraception is vital for these nations. The percentage of sexually active teenagers around the world is rising. However, only a minority of them use effective barrier contraceptives that protect against sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. Changes in contraceptive use could improve maternal and child health, reduce population growth, and ensure better provision of resources around the world.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1994

Hysteroscopic resection of uterus septus versus abdominal metroplasty.

The new hysteroscopic approach toward pregnancy loss associated with uterine septum offers several advantages over abdominal metroplasty. However, several safeguards should be taken: laparoscopic or sonographic guidance should accompany hysteroscopic metroplasty; postoperative HSG or hysteroscopy is recommended; there is no advantage of IUD insertion postoperatively; sequential estrogen-progesterone therapy postoperatively is optional, but of no proved benefit; a hysteroscopic approach toward uterine septum is the preferred procedure, even when laparotomy for treatment of pelvic endometriosis or intrapelvic adhesions is indicated, and, although its value is not established, a short perioperative cause of prophylactic antibiotics seems to be warranted.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1993

The leukocyte adherence inhibition test (LAI) in preoperative diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer.

One hundred two women admitted for evaluation of an adnexal mass were tested prior to surgery by the computerized tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay. The test was positive in 24/35 (69%) patients, diagnosed after surgery as epithelial ovarian cancer while 50/67 (75%) of those diagnosed as benign masses were negative. Only 2/38 (5%) of normal control subjects showed a false-positive result. The LAI test described in this report showed a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 75% in stage I ovarian cancer; thus it may be useful for early diagnosis of ovarian malignancy.

Adnexal Diseases↗
PubMed1993

Antenatal diagnosis of congenital dislocation of the knee: a case report.

Congenital dislocation of the knee was diagnosed antenatally in an abdominal flat plate. This is probably the first time that this condition has been diagnosed prior to delivery. Examination of the newborn after delivery revealed dislocation of the right hip and knee. The obstetric and orthopedic implications and suggested treatment are discussed.

Adolescent↗