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Biomedical subjects

U Ewald

Publications and source records attributed to U Ewald.

89 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Increased platelet aggregability in diabetic children: relation to serum lipid and fatty acid composition.

Platelet aggregation was studied in 14 diabetic children with no signs of angiopathy and in 14 healthy matched control children. The magnitude of the platelet shape change after ADP stimulation was decreased in diabetic patients while the maximal aggregation after ADP and low dose collagen was significantly higher than in healthy control children. In 28 diabetic children the platelet shape change after ADP stimulation was positively correlated with the serum concentration of apolipoprotein A-I and negatively correlated with serum triglyceride concentration. The ratio between the fatty acids 20:3/20:4 in cholesterol esters was strongly correlated with the relative incidence of irreversible aggregation (p less than 0.001) and with the magnitude of the maximal aggregation (p less than 0.01) after ADP stimulation (3.3 mumol/l). The ratio between the polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in the triglyceride fraction was negatively correlated to the maximal aggregation after collagen stimulation (10 mg/l). This study shows tha platelet aggregation is increased early in the course of diabetes in childhood. It suggests that the abnormalities in platelet aggregation pattern in diabetic patients are related to several of the lipid factors associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1983

Surgical implications of congenital chloride diarrhoea.

Congenital chloride diarrhoea (CCD) is an inherited inborn error of metabolism. Hydramnios, premature birth, no passage of meconium and a distended abdomen are the typical features of this disease in the neonate. Loss of Cl- from the intestines leads to urine-like diarrhoea, severe dehydration and alkalosis. Without treatment the mortality rate is high. The abdominal distension may erroneously be ascribed to an intestinal obstruction and thereby lead to unnecessary operations and delay of adequate treatment. There is an overrepresentation of intestinal volvulus in reported cases. Three of the five cases of CCD seen at our departments exemplify these surgical implications.

Chlorides↗
PubMed1983

Hypomagnesemia in diabetic children.

Serum concentrations of iron, copper, zinc and magnesium were determined in 27 Swedish children with well controlled diabetes without longterm diabetic complications. Thirteen of the diabetic children had age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Significantly lower serum magnesium concentrations were found in the diabetic children than in the matched healthy controls (p less than 0.01). The levels of iron, copper and zinc did not differ in the diabetic children from those in the controls. A negative correlation between serum magnesium level and duration of diabetes was found (p less than 0.05). This is seemingly the first report of hypomagnesemia in diabetic children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Cord blood platelet aggregation; quality control by a two-sample technique.

Two blood samples were taken from the cords at 17 normal deliveries 2-4 min and 5-8 min after birth, respectively. The difference in platelet count between early and late samples in platelet-rich plasma was less than 5% in nine cords (Group A), and greater in eight cords (Group B). Platelet aggregation studies on the early and the late blood samples showed consistent results within each cord in Group A but not in Group B. The correlations between the responses were high for Group A. The aggregation responses were also slightly but significantly higher in the late samples in this group (p less than 0.01 in Group A; n.s. in Group B). The differences between responses in early and late blood samples could not be explained by acid-base dissimilarities. The variability in cord blood platelet aggregation results can be greatly reduced by platelet counting in PRP of two independent blood samples, accepting only samples with concordant platelet counts (less than 5% difference).

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1983

Increased platelet volume in manifest diabetic rats.

Platelet function, evaluated as in vitro aggregability, has been reported to be disturbed in diabetes, both in humans and animals. Platelet number and mean volume greatly influence these aggregation tests. The present study was designed to evaluate the impact of two different degrees of experimentally induced glucose intolerance on platelet number and mean volume. For this purpose, we used manifest diabetic and chemically diabetic rats. In the control group, the female rats showed a significantly lower number of platelets compared to the males. The chemically diabetic rats exhibited a tendency towards increased mean platelet volume, whereas the platelet volume of the manifest diabetic females was significantly greater than all other groups. This increase was found to be mainly due to a general shift towards larger volumes of the individual platelets of the manifest diabetic females. It is suggested, that the enlargement of the mean platelet volume induced by increased severity of the diabetic state may reflect decreased mean age of the circulating platelets. This implies shorter survival time and an increased turnover of the platelet population in diabetes mellitus.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Combined theophylline/beta-agonists maintenance therapy in chronic asthma.

The therapeutic value of adding a slow-release theophylline product (Theo-Dur) to the regular treatment program consisting of beta-stimulants and steroids was evaluated in 31 adult asthmatics. Theophylline in a dose of 300 mg or placebo was administered twice daily during two 14-day periods in a randomized double-blind cross-over study. PEF and asthma symptoms were recorded daily. In the morning, 12 h after tablet intake, spirometry was performed and the theophylline concentration determined. The addition of theophylline slightly, but statistically significantly, increased the daily PEF values and reduced dyspnoea, but not cough, sputum volumes and aerosol consumption. The patients showed preference for the combined treatment. Spirometry at the end of each period did not differ significantly between treatments. The mean theophylline concentration in the morning 12 h after tablet intake was 39 mumol/l (range 15-81 mumol/l). The results of the study suggest that the addition of a slow-release theophylline preparation to beta-stimulant therapy provides further relief of asthma symptoms without an unacceptable increase in the incidence of side-effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Serum apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and B in diabetic children and matched healthy controls.

Serum concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I. A-II and B were determined in 28 diabetic children (age 3-16 years) and 14 healthy matched controls. In the healthy children the serum apo A-I concentration was 120 +/- 20 arbitrary units (A.U.) (mean +/- S.D.), apo A-II 111 +/- 14 A.U. and apo B 100 +/- 34 A.U. (100 A.U. = mean concentration in adult blood donors). The apo A-I concentration was significantly higher in the diabetic children (134 +/- 13; p less than 0.02) than in the healthy controls. In diabetics apo A-II was 116 +/- 14 A.U. and apo B 106 +/- 21 A.U., values not significantly different from those in the controls. The serum cholesterol concentration in the healthy children correlated strongly to apo A-I and apo A-II, which was not the case in the diabetics. The differences between diabetic and healthy children with respect to correlations between the apolipoproteins and the serum lipids might indicate a different apolipoprotein/lipoprotein lipid relationship in diabetics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Fatty acid composition of serum lipids in diabetic children and their matched healthy controls.

The fatty acid compositions of the serum cholesterol esters, phospholipids and triglycerides were determined in 28 insulin-dependent diabetic children and 13 healthy controls. The diabetic children were on a regulated diet and the disease was under good control. The relative contents of linoleic and arachidonic acids were higher in the serum lipids of the diabetics than in the controls as could be expected from the dietary advice given. However, the degree of diabetic control was not significantly correlated to the fatty acid content of any lipid fraction. The serum concentration of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I was directly correlated to the content of polyunsaturated fat and the ratio between polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in the triglycerides. The apo A-II concentration was significantly correlated to the ratio between homo-gamma-linolenic and arachidonic acid in all serum lipid esters. No similar relationships were seen among the healthy controls. The different relationships between serum apolipoprotein concentrations and the fatty acid composition in serum in diabetics and controls is compatible with the hypothesis that not only the quantity but also the quality of the serum lipoproteins are different in these two categories of children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Oral pivampicillin and amoxycillin in newborn infants.

Ampicillin was administered intramuscularly and amoxycillin or pivampicillin orally to 14 fasting newborn infants, 6-13 days old, in a cross-over trial. The dose was 50 mg/kg twice daily. The mean peak plasma level of amoxycillin and pivampicillin was 58% (range 35-96%) and 48% (33-82%) of that noted after i.m. ampicillin, which gave a value of about 44 +/- 5 micrograms/ml (mean +/- SEM) in both groups. The area under the time-concentration curve was 75% (range 60-101%) of that of i.m. ampicillin for amoxycillin and 51% (20-76%) for pivampicillin (p less than 0.05). Both drugs, especially amoxycillin, should be useful for oral treatment of neonatal infections caused by susceptible microorganisms in infants who are not critically ill.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Early reduction of vascular reactivity in diabetic children detected by transcutaneous oxygen electrode.

Reactive hyperaemia in the skin was monitored by transcutaneous measurement of PO2 (tcPO2) (using electrode temperatures of 35 and 37 degrees C) in 13 well controlled diabetic children without clinical signs of vascular disease, and in healthy peers matched for age and sex. The tcPO2 increase was smaller in 12 of the 13 diabetic children than in individual controls. Taking the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval of the increases for the healthy children as a cut-off point, only 4 of the 13 diabetic children had values overlapping into the range of non-diabetics at 37 degrees C. This non-invasive technique, demonstrating a reduced postischaemic response in a group of well controlled diabetic children, may become a useful method for the early detection of diabetic microvascular disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Postischaemic hyperaemia studied with a transcutaneous oxygen electrode used at 33-37 degrees C.

The hyperaemic response in the vasculature of the forearm skin following induced ischaemia was studied with a transcutaneous oxygen (tcpO2) electrode. Electrode temperatures of 35-37 degree C allowed optimal recordings of the postischaemic reaction. During arterial occlusion there was a fall in tcpO2 to zero in 1-3 min. Re-establishment of circulation resulted in a biphasic reaction, with a steep rise overshooting the baseline recording by 1-3 kPa and a slower return to baseline level. At higher electrode temperatures (greater than 39 degree C) there was no overshoot due to hyperaemia. The postischaemic peak response was well reproducible from one occasion to another in the same subject. Simultaneous recording of energy consumption for the heating of the electrode permitted detection of artifacts and environmental changes unrelated to postischaemic hyperaemia, therefore validating the tcpO2 recordings but only at electrode temperatures greater than 35 degree C. The tcpO2 technique used at 35-37 degree C easily detects relative blood flow changes and seems suitable for comparative studies. The method is non-invasive and permits continuous recordings in well-defined skin areas in human subject; significant advantages compared with other methods available.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Foscarnet 5 versus 7 days a week treatment for severe gastrointestinal CMV disease in HIV-infected patients.

In a randomized open trial foscarnet 90 mg/kg b.i.d. 5 days for 3 weeks was compared to 90 mg/kg b.i.d. daily in severe gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus disease in HIV-infected patients. Thirty-eight patients were randomized, 36 were evaluable (all male, age 24-54 years, median 40 years; CD4/microliter 0-150, median 10). Treatment efficacy was evaluated based on a score consisting of symptoms, endoscopic and histologic examination. In the 5-day treatment group 10/16 (62%) patients responded to treatment, in the 7-day treatment group 13/20 (65%), with symptoms resolving in most patients after 1 week. Side effects and adverse events were seen in 13 patients in the 5-day treatment group and in 15 patients in the 7-day treatment group. Laboratory abnormalities were common in both groups, in one patient reversible renal insufficiency developed. Efficacy and safety of treatment 5 days a week was comparable to the standard regimen.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fetal cardiocentesis in care of severe Kell immunisation.

This case report demonstrates how severe a Kell immunisation can be. Fetal anemia and hydrops fetalis in the second trimester required six intrauterine transfusions, two by cardiocentesis. At 4 years of age the child has shown no abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Altered pattern of calcium kinetics in hemodialysis patients after parathyroidectomy.

Six HD patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) underwent studies of calcium kinetics prior to and after parathyroidectomy (PTX) with autotransplantation. Postoperatively, patients received vitamin D and calcium supplementation. Before PTX, a markedly elevated bone turnover was found, with increased fluxes of calcium from plasma into the exchangeable calcium pool. This pool was three times larger than normal, indicating a high risk of extraosseous calcifications. Despite a marked fall in parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels after PTX, bone cell activity was maintained, as indicated by elevated values for Ca retention. Although Ca efflux from plasma into other compartments of the exchangeable pools remained above normal, the size of the total exchangeable calcium pool markedly decreased after PTX, indicating that PTX with autotransplantation, followed by vitamin D therapy, can normalize bone turnover and shift the balance of calcium flux towards mineralized bone. Reduction in the exchangeable calcium pool may explain the clinical finding that extraosseous calcifications regress in some patients after PTX.

Adult↗