PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

U Frank

Publications and source records attributed to U Frank.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Parenteral nutrition from the viewpoint of the hospital health officer].

This paper reviews recent data concerning epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and management of infectious complications of intravascular devices used for parenteral nutrition. Infectious complications of intravascular access for parenteral nutrition occur frequently. Any time there is a strong suspicion of a vascular access infection, it is important to draw blood cultures. The type of isolated organism may indicate the source of infection, e.g. the skin, hematogenous dissemination from another site or the infusate. Prevention of vascular access infection is preferable to treatment. Standardized insertion and maintenance techniques by specialized i.v. teams can substantially reduce the risk of infection. In-line filters or guidewires for changing catheters are of no proven benefit in decreasing infection risk, whereas transparent plastic dressings and multilumen lines increase infection risk. Treatment of established infection, e.g. removal of the catheter and/or antibiotic therapy, must be individualized for each patient on the basis of clinical presentation and causative organism.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed1988

Infection risk of cardiac catheterization and arterial angiography with single and multiple use disposable catheters.

In a prospective study from November 1986 to June 1987, a cohort of 414 patients underwent cardiac catheterization or angiography with either multiple use or single use disposable catheters: 161 patients were studied with 426 single use catheters, 152 patients with 384 multiple use catheters which were resterilized once or twice, and 101 patients with 325 multiple use catheters reprocessed several times. Postcatheterization temperature did not exceed 38.2 degrees C in any patient, but was greater than 37.4 degrees C in 4-6% of the patients studied. No significant differences between the three groups with respect to fever could be observed. Infectious complications associated with cardiac catheterization or angiography did not occur in any case. Of 414 patients, 38 (9.2%) developed hematoma at the puncture site. It is concluded that careful cleaning, disinfection, and resterilization of intravascular catheters with ethylene oxide does not increase the risk of infection. With the rising pressure for containment of health care costs, it is likely that the practice of reprocessing and reuse of expensive intravascular catheters will expand further.

Angiography↗
PubMed1988

Concentrations of flucloxacillin in heart valves and subcutaneous and muscle tissues of patients undergoing open-heart surgery.

Thirty-seven patients were given a single, 2-g intravenous bolus injection of flucloxacillin prior to open-heart surgery. Within 12 h, flucloxacillin concentrations in serum and heart valves declined from 125.2 to 4.4 micrograms/ml and from 16.5 to 3.7 micrograms/g, respectively. Concentrations in subcutaneous tissue and muscle were almost identical, declining from 14.7 or 14.2 micrograms/g to undetectable levels after 8 to 10 h.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1988

[Risk of infection due to catheter reuse].

Cardiac catheters assigned for reprocessing revealed only minor bacterial contamination. Random samples taken from reprocessed catheters were sterile and free from pyrogens. Among a total of 461 prospectively surveyed patients, in 16 cases a short increase of temperature up to 37.5 degrees C was observed, which appeared independent from the application of reprocessed catheters. None of the patients developed fever or symptoms of catheter-related infection.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1987

Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in serum and tissue of patients undergoing open-heart surgery.

Penetration of vancomycin into serum, heart valves, subcutaneous tissue and muscle was determined in 33 adult patients undergoing open-heart surgery. Each patient received 15 mg/kg vancomycin as a 30-min intravenous infusion preoperatively. Within 6 h vancomycin plasma concentrations declined from 28.9 to 4.2 mg/l. Vancomycin concentrations decreased in subcutaneous tissue slowly and varied in muscle between 1.2 and 3.2 mg/kg, in subcutaneous tissue between 1.3 and 4.4 mg/kg and in heart valves between 2.3 and 4.2 mg/kg. Vancomycin concentrations in heart valves are high enough to inhibit most oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and coagulase-negative staphylococci causing postoperative wound infections and endocarditis.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

Penetration of ceftazidime into heart valves and subcutaneous and muscle tissue of patients undergoing open-heart surgery.

Patients undergoing open-heart surgery were given an intravenous bolus injection of 2 g of ceftazidime as a single dose over a period of 5 min. Within 12 h, ceftazidime concentrations in serum declined from 55.8 to 3.9 mg/liter. Subcutaneous tissue concentrations of the drug decreased from 21.0 to 2.7 micrograms/g, and muscle concentrations decreased from 34.5 to 2.5 micrograms/g. Ceftazidime concentrations in cardiac valvular tissue were even higher than those in muscle or fat, declining from 37.4 to 6.3 micrograms/g within 10 h.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

Proven and unproven methods in hospital infection control in intensive care units.

Most common nosocomial infections in Intensive Care Units are: respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, bacteremias, and wound infections. Proven methods in hospital infection control are: hand washing, discipline of all personnel, appropriate nursing techniques, specially trained hygiene staff, isolation, appropriate number of nursing personnel per patient, appropriate use of antibiotics, few and brief usage of foreign bodies such as intravenous lines. Useless and unproven methods in hospital infection control are: environmental cultures, routine cultures of personnel, routine air sampling, fogging and spraying of disinfectants, UV lights, plastic shoe covers, routine floor disinfection, disinfection or sticky mats, change of humidifiers and tubings every eight hours, and systematic antibiotic prophylaxis against pneumonia.

Critical Care↗
PubMed1985

Ophthalmoplegic neurolipidosis--storage cells in heterocygotes.

We describe two children with ophthalmoplegic neurolipidosis. Bone marrow specimens of the patients and their healthy relatives disclose typical storage cells. The literature is reviewed. The storage cells in healthy relatives are interpreted as a sign of heterocygosity.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1985

[The effect of infusion rate on pharmacokinetic parameters of azlocillin and mezlocillin].

Azlocillin (Securopen) and mezlocillin (Baypen) were given to 3 healthy subjects as intravenous infusion. The dose of 4 g was administered to each person within 5, 15, and 30 min in a randomized crossover design. Using HPLC the unchanged penicillin antibiotics were determined quantitatively, their metabolites were assessed qualitatively. The same specimens were also studied by means of a bioassay (agar diffusion technique). Both methods yielded similar serum and urine concentrations besides the urinary excretion of azlocillin. Here the bioassay measured higher amounts indicating an antibacterially active metabolite being excreted in the urine. No dependence upon infusion time was found. Since both drugs were tested with the same dosis in the same subjects, their pharmacokinetic parameters could be compared: mezlocillin, being more lipophilic than azlocillin, showed a higher volume of distribution and therefore lower serum concentrations. Renal clearance was the same for both drugs, but mezlocillin was excreted to a smaller extent in the urine. Higher total clearance and shorter elimination half-life of mezlocillin indicate a greater extrarenal elimination. The results suggest fast application of both penicillins. There is no pharmacokinetic reason for a prolongation of infusion times.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Penetration of cefmenoxime into serum, gynecologic tissues, and heart valves.

Twenty-nine women received 7 g of cefmenoxime before abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy; 20 adult patients received 2 g of cefmenoxime 24 hours and immediately before open heart surgery. In the gynecologic patients, peak cefmenoxime serum concentrations of 23.4 mg/liter were reached within one to two hours after administration of the antibiotic. Cefmenoxime concentrations in myometrium, endometrium, and salpinges also reached their peak one to two hours after administration. Two to three hours later tissue concentrations varied between 1.1 and 5.2 micrograms/g; four hours after application, tissue concentrations were below detectable levels. Cefmenoxime plasma and tissue concentrations were significantly higher in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Subcutaneous tissue and muscle concentrations varied between 2.7 and 38.0 micrograms/g. Cefmenoxime concentrations in cardiac valvular tissue were higher than those in muscle and fat.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Penetration of cefotaxime into heart valves, subcutaneous and muscle tissue of patients undergoing open-heart surgery.

Twenty-nine adult patients undergoing open-heart surgery were given 2 g cefotaxime as 5 min intravenous bolus injection preoperatively. Within 6 h cefotaxime serum concentrations declined from 81.0 to 6.3 mg/l. Subcutaneous tissue and muscle concentrations varied between 0.3 and 8.7 micrograms/g, heart valve concentrations varied between 2.2 and 13.0 micrograms/g. Cefotaxime concentrations in heart valves are high enough to inhibit most Gram-negative organisms causing postoperative wound infections and endocarditis.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1984

Concentrations of ceftriaxone in serum and lung tissue.

19 patients received an intravenous 5-min bolus injection of 2 g ceftriaxone at various times before thoracic surgery. Lung tissue concentrations of 31.8 micrograms/g could be maintained for at least 5 h. Serum and lung tissue concentrations of ceftriaxone are high enough to inhibit most organisms causing nosocomial and community-acquired respiratory tract infections.

Cefotaxime↗
PubMed1984

Penetration of cefotetan into serum, myometrium, endometrium and salpinges.

24 patients received an intravenous 5-min bolus injection of 2 g cefotetan at various times prior to abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy. Cefotetan concentrations in salpinges were significantly higher than in myometrium and endometrium. Tissue concentrations of 16 micrograms/g could be attained for at least 5 h. At this concentration, 90% of most aerobic and anaerobic bacteria causing genital tract infections are inhibited.

Cefotetan↗