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Biomedical subjects

U Gärtner

Publications and source records attributed to U Gärtner.

71 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Duodenal neurofibroma close to the papilla with hemorrhage and narrowing of the duct of Wirsung and the choledochus (author's transl)].

A solitary duodenal neurofibroma located very closely to the papilla and causing intestinal bleeding could be demonstrated by endoscopy and sonography in a 53 year old female. ERP showed narrowing of the proximal segment of the pancreatic main duct. The diagnosis was confirmed at surgery, in addition it was found, that the choledochus was incarcerated by the tumor as well. A duodeno-hemipancreatectomy after Whipple was performed, because of the localization of the tumor.

Common Bile Duct↗
PubMed1976

[Endoscopic-radiologic cholangio-pancreaticography (author's transl)].

Results of 408 own endoscropic-radiologic cholangio-pancreatico-graphies are presented, indications and diagnostic relevance of the method are discussed. Low rate of complications and its high diagnostic value are reasons for ERCP's clinical importance even as a routine procedure at gastro-enterological centers. In the future, cytological, immunological and biochemical analysis of juices and aspirates as well as endoscopic surgery will contribute to an even wider clinical use of the method. In 337 patients (82.6%) cannulation of the papilla of Vater and visualization of one or both duct systems were successful. In 198 cases with visualization of ducts (58.8%) pathological lesions were found. Thus observation of indications and contra-indications of ERCP is documented, of a method, which is not too risky, but relatively expensive and difficult to employ.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Radiotelemetric electrocardiography for the detection of "paroxysmal tachycardia" under the influence of various stresses].

Modern longterm electrocardiography (telemetry, tape recorder) permits the simultaneous recording of heart rate and arrhythmias and analysis of the QRS complex and ST-T sections. "Paroxysmal tachycardia" in different stress situations and the telemetric electrocardiograph tracing must be interpreted taking into consideration additional findings of clinical cardiological examinations. Of 82 subjects, 30 with the symptom "tachycardia" with familial and/or occupational stress could be subdivided into three disease groups: Group A: autonomic lability of healthy hearts; Group B: patients with pre-excitation syndrome; Group C: organic heart disease patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[The problem of malignant deuteropathy following cytostatic therapy].

Among 17,676 patients admitted to our clinic between 1965 and 1974, we have observed 22 cases of malignant deuteropathy-either after cytostatic therapy or radiation, or as "spontaneous" primary multiple tumors. Their catamneses were analyzed. Seven cases raise a strong suspicion that cytostatic therapy may have induced a cancer. A statistical analysis is not possible with our group of patients. To avoid an inadmissible evaluation of these individual observations, they were compared with the 10 "spontaneous" double tumors observed during the same period. Advances in our knowledge of this field are, in our opinion, to be expected of central cancer registers.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

[Integration of palmitat-1-14-C in lecithine and phospholipid content in normal and micro-embolized rabbit lungs (author's transl)].

Glass microspheres were used for a diffuse pulmonary microembolisation, as a modell for shock lung. Microembolisation is regarded as an important factor in pathogenesis of shock lung. The capacity of lung for lecithin synthesis was measured with palmitat-1-14-C incorporation. The phospholipid content and the composition of the fatty acids of lecithin were investigated. From the results it was possible, that the surfactant system may alterated by the vascular blocking. The dates supporting the importance of microembolisation in pathogenesis of shock lung.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modulation of the transport of bilirubin and asialoorosomucoid during liver regeneration.

The normal rat hepatocyte divides approximately once per year but, following two thirds hepatectomy, rapid cellular replication occurs throughout the remaining liver remnant. Using a multiple indicator dilution technique, single-pass transport of 3H-bilirubin and 125I-asialoorosomucoid was studied in isolated perfused liver from 6 hr to 6 d after two thirds hepatectomy or sham surgery. Influx (k1), efflux (k2), and sequestration (k3) rates were quantitated by computer analysis. k1 for 3H-bilirubin fell by over 50% within 6 hr after two thirds hepatectomy and returned to normal 4 d later. k2 progressively decreased with a nadir at 2 d, and returned to normal by 4 d. k3 was transiently depressed, and became normal within 2 d. Although hepatic uptake of asialoglycoproteins has been thought to be irreversible, the experimental data required k2 and k3 parameters for best fit. Similar to results for 3H-bilirubin, the k1 of 125I-asialoorosomucoid was 20% of normal at 1 d after two thirds hepatectomy, and returned to normal by 6 d. Unlike results for 3H-bilirubin, there was a prolonged 50% reduction of k2 and k3 with return to normal by 6 d. The transport changes during regeneration are independent of reduced liver mass or changes in hepatic spaces of distribution. The fact that influx of both compounds reaches a nadir at the time of greatest cellular proliferation with subsequent return to normal suggests a "maturation" of liver cell function for restoration of these specific hepatocyte functions. Modulation of the hepatocyte receptor for desialylated glycoproteins may also be required for cellular recognition as a prerequisite for proliferative responses.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of alcohol on gastrointestinal cell regeneration as a possible mechanism in alcohol-associated carcinogenesis.

Chronic ethanol consumption is a major risk factor for oropharyngeal, esophageal, and rectal cancer. Because hyperregenerative gastrointestinal mucosa has an increased susceptibility towards chemical carcinogens and thus influences carcinogenesis, various studies have been performed to evaluate the effect of chronic ethanol consumption on mucosal cell turnover. In the rat, morphometric analysis showed that in chronically ethanol-fed rats the size of the basal cell nuclei of the oral mucosa from the floor of the mouth, the edge of the tongue, and the base of the tongue were significantly enlarged. The size of the basal cell layer was increased and the stratification of the cells was altered. The percentage of cells in S-phase of the cell cycle was significantly higher in ethanol-fed rats compared to controls. In addition, mucosal atrophy was found. Similar to the oropharynx, in the esophagus chronic ethanol consumption increased cell proliferation depending on salivary gland function, because only in the presence of the salivary glands was this stimulative effect of alcohol on cell turnover found. Subsequently, chronic ethanol ingestion significantly stimulated crypt cell production rate in the rectum, in an age-dependent manner. This hyperregeneration, which was only observed in the rectum but not in the remaining colon, was associated with an expansion of the proliferative compartment of the crypt. Such an expansion is correlated with increased risk for rectal cancer. In addition, crypt cell production rates in the rectal crypts can be correlated with mucosal acetaldehyde concentrations, underlining a toxic effect of acetaldehyde on the rectal mucosa that is answered by compansatory hyperregeneration. These data from the rat model could be confirmed in humans. In conclusion, chronic ethanol consumption leads to mucosal hyperregeneration in gastrointestinal mucosa associated with a high risk for cancer and may therefore be at least one mechanism by which alcohol exerts its cocarcinogenic effect.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phosphorylation of tau, Abeta-formation, and apoptosis after in vivo inhibition of PP-1 and PP-2A.

Chronic inhibition of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A in vivo was induced by infusion of okadaic acid into lateral ventricles of rat brain for up to 4 months. Cytoskeletal pathology, alterations of the amyloid precursor protein, and apoptotic cell death induced by this treatment followed a certain sequence and spatial distribution. Changes in the expression, phosphorylation, and subcellular distribution of neurofilament proteins and tau, as well as first signs of apoptotic cell death, occurred already after about 2 weeks. The distribution of apoptotic cells, however, was different from those revealing a high accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau, indicating that those cytoskeletal pathology had no obvious sequelae for the viability of these neurones. A continuation of treatment for longer than 2 weeks induced diffuse deposits of both hyperphosphorylated tau and A beta-amyloid-immunoreactive material in white matter areas that increased in size and number over time. Because tau-phosphorylation is a regulator of the dynamic stability of microtubules, the pathology observed in the present experimental paradigm in the white matter might be viewed as an indication of a disturbed axonal transport. It is hypothesized that perturbations of the axonal transport might also be critically involved in the formation of paired helical filaments and amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease.

Amyloid beta-Peptides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postmortem changes in the phosphorylation state of tau-protein in the rat brain.

The phosphorylation state of tau-protein is crucial for the regulation of neuronal microtubule organization. Functional conclusions on tau-protein require an accurate assessment of phosphorylated sites. Therefore, the in vivo distribution and postmortem preservation of some phospho-epitopes on tau-protein were examined in the rat brain under different fixation and preparation conditions. Detection of tau-protein with a phosphorylation-independent antiserum revealed both axonal and somatodendritic localizations, which were not influenced by a postmortem interval of 30 min. The phospho-epitopes recognized by 12E8, AT8, and PHF-1 were mainly localized in the somatodendritic compartment. The binding sites of AT8 and PHF-1 were rapidly dephosphorylated postmortem, whereas the Tau-1 epitope was unmasked in the somatodendritic region. The axonally located phospho-epitope of AT270 and the nuclear epitope of AT100 were still detectable after a postmortem interval of 30 min. Postmortem dephosphorylation and inhibition of this process by PP1 and/or PP2A was further demonstrated on Western blot. In conclusion, rapid processing of tau-protein is essential for the correct assessment of investigations on phospho-isoforms.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mitochondria of retinal Müller (glial) cells: the effects of aging and of application of free radical scavengers.

Age-related changes of mitochondria were studied in Müller (retinal glial) cells from guinea pigs fed with or without externally applied Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761, an established radical scavenger. When Müller cell mitochondria from aged animals were compared with those from young adults, they displayed (1) a diminished number of well-defined cristae at the ultrastructural level, (2) a reduced membrane potential, as revealed by fluorimetry using the voltage-sensitive dye tetramethyl rhodamine methylester, and (3) a slightly reduced index of vitality assayed by tetrazolium salt colorimetry. Müller cell mitochondria were also studied in aged guinea pigs which had been fed daily by EGb 761 during the last 2 months before they were sacrificed. Such mitochondria displayed (1) many well-defined cristae at the ultrastructural level, and, compared with mitochondria from untreated aged animals, (2) a significantly enhanced membrane potential and (3) a significantly enhanced index of vitality. No age- or drug-related changes were observed in the mitochondrial content of GABA transaminase, as revealed by immunocytochemistry/densitometry. These results suggest that many but not all structural and functional parameters of aging Müller cell mitochondria are impaired by accumulating oxidative damage, and that externally applied radical scavengers may protect the organelles from the damaging actions of free radicals. As it has been shown earlier that EGb 761 treatment enhances the intrinsic glutathione content of aged guinea pig Müller cells, the protective radical-scavenging effect of the drug may be mediated both directly and indirectly.

4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase↗